Therapeutic Management of Patients with FLT3 + Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Case Reports and Focus on Gilteritinib Monotherapy

References

• Shallis RM, Wang R, Davidoff A, et al. Epidemiology of acute myeloid leukemia: recent progress and enduring challenges. Blood Rev. 2019;36:70–87. doi:10.1016/j.blre.2019.04.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chew S, Mackey MC, Jabbour E. Gilteritinib in the treatment of relapsed and refractory acute myeloid leukemia with a FLT3 mutation. Ther Adv Hematol. 2020;11:2040620720930614. doi:10.1177/2040620720930614
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tzogani K, Røshol H, Olsen HH, et al. The European medicines agency review of gilteritinib (xospata) for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia with an FLT3 mutation. Oncologist. 2020;25(7):e1070–e1076. doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2019-0976
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2017. CA Cancer J Clin. 2017;67(1):7–30. doi:10.3322/caac.21387
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haematology TL. Editorial, “Closing in on targeted therapy for acute myeloid leukaemia”. Lancet Haematology. 2019;6:e1. doi:10.1016/S2352-3026(18)30223-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Cancer Society. Key Statistics for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Available from: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/acute-myeloid-leukemia/about/key-statistics.html. Accessed April 4, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Miranda-Filho A, Piñeros M, Ferlay J, et al. Epidemiological patterns of leukaemia in 184 countries: a population-based study. Lancet Haematol. 2018;5:e14–24. doi:10.1016/S2352-3026(17)30232-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AIOM AIRTUM. I numeri del cancro in Italia; 2020. Available from: https://www.aiom.it/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/2020_Numeri_Cancro-operatori_web.pdf. Accessed April 30, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Löwenberg B, Rowe JM. Introduction to the review series on advances in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Blood. 2016;127(1):1. doi:10.1182/blood-2015-10-662684
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Kouchkovsky I, Abdul-Hay M. Acute myeloid leukemia: a comprehensive review and 2016 update. Blood Cancer J. 2016;6(7):e441. doi:10.1038/bcj.2016.50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daver N, Schlenk RF, Russell NH, et al. Targeting FLT3 mutations in AML: review of current knowledge and evidence. Leukemia. 2019;33(2):299–312. doi:10.1038/s41375-018-0357-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levis M, Perl AE. Gilteritinib: potent targeting of FLT3 mutations in AML. Blood Adv. 2020;4(6):1178–1191. doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000174
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen B, Williams AB, Young DJ, et al. FLT3 activating mutations display differential sensitivity to multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Oncotarget. 2017;8(7):10931–10944. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.14539
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhao J, Song Y, Liu D. Gilteritinib: a novel FLT3 inhibitor for acute myeloid leukemia. Biomark Res. 2019;7(1):19. doi:10.1186/s40364-019-0170-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heuser M, Ofran Y, Boissel N, et al. Acute myeloid leukaemia in adult patients: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2020;31(6):697–712. doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2020.02.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pulte ED, Norsworthy KJ, Wang Y, et al. FDA approval summary: gilteritinib for relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia with a FLT3 mutation. Clin Cancer Res. 2021;27(13):3515–3521. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-20-4271
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perl AE, Altman JK, Cortes J, et al. Selective inhibition of FLT3 by gilteritinib in relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukaemia: a multicentre, first-in-human, open-label, phase 1–2 study. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18(8):1061–1075. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30416-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perl AE, Martinelli G, Cortes JE, et al. Gilteritinib or chemotherapy for relapsed or refractory FLT3-mutated AML. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(18):1728–1740. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1902688
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perl AE, Larson RA, Podoltsev NA, et al. Follow-up of patients with R/R FLT3-mutation-positive AML treated with gilteritinib in the Phase 3 ADMIRAL trial. Blood. 2022;26:2021011583. doi:10.1182/blood.2021011583
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perl AE, Altman JK, Hosono N, et al. Clinical outcomes in patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia treated with gilteritinib who received prior midostaurin or sorafenib. Blood. 2020;136(Supplement 1):22–23. doi:10.1182/blood-2020-136395
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Numan Y, Abdel Rahman Z, Grenet J, et al. Gilteritinib clinical activity in relapsed/refractory FLT3 mutated acute myeloid leukemia previously treated with FLT3 inhibitors. Am J Hematol. 2022;97(3):322–328. doi:10.1002/ajh.26447
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marjoncu D, Andrick B. Gilteritinib: a novel FLT3 inhibitor for relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Adv Pract Oncol. 2020;11(1):104–108.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wilson AJ, O’nions J, Subhan M. Successful remission induction therapy with gilteritinib in a patient with de novo FLT3 -mutated acute myeloid leukaemia and severe COVID-19. Br J Haematol. 2020;190(4):e189–e191. doi:10.1111/bjh.16962
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumode T, Rai S, Tanaka H, et al. Targeted therapy for medullary and extramedullary relapse of FLT3-ITD acute myeloid leukemia following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Leuk Res Rep. 2020;14:100219. doi:10.1016/j.lrr.2020.100219
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kida M, Kuroda Y, Kido M, et al. Successful treatment with gilteritinib for isolated extramedullary relapse of acute myeloid leukemia with FLT3-ITD mutation after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Int J Hematol. 2020;112(2):243–248. PMID: 32170661. doi:10.1007/s12185-020-02855-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMahon CM, Canaani J, Rea B, et al. Gilteritinib induces differentiation in relapsed and refractory FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Adv. 2019;3(10):1581–1585. doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2018029496
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamitani I, Saito T, Yokoyama H, et al. Successful bridge therapy of gilteritinib to cord blood transplantation in relapsed acute myeloid leukemia after bone marrow transplantation. J Infect Chemother. 2021;27(4):639–641. doi:10.1016/j.jiac.2020.11.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solana-Altabella A, Ballesta-López O, Megías-Vericat JE, Martínez-Cuadrón D, Montesinos P. gilteritinib plus azacitidine combination shows promise in newly diagnosed FLT3-Mutated AML. Oncologist. 2021;26(Suppl1):S10. doi:10.1002/onco.13652
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar