AZGP1 Up-Regulation is a Potential Target for Andrographolide Reversing Radioresistance of Colorectal Cancer

References

• Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(6):394–424. doi:10.3322/caac.21492
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith CA, Kachnic LA. Evolving treatment paradigm in the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2018;16(7):909–915. doi:10.6004/jnccn.2018.7032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nacion AJD, Park YY, Kim NK. Contemporary management of locally advanced rectal cancer: resolving issues, controversies and shifting paradigms. Chin J Cancer Res. 2018;30(1):131–146. doi:10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2018.01.14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benson AB, Venook AP, Al-Hawary MM, et al. Rectal cancer, version 2.2018, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2018;16(7):874–901. doi:10.6004/jnccn.2018.0061
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cabrera-Licona A, Perez-Anorve IX, Flores-Fortis M, et al. Deciphering the epigenetic network in cancer radioresistance. Radiother Oncol. 2021;159:48–59. doi:10.1016/j.radonc.2021.03.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boeckman HJ, Trego KS, Turchi JJ. Cisplatin sensitizes cancer cells to ionizing radiation via inhibition of nonhomologous end joining. Mol Cancer Res. 2005;3(5):277–285. doi:10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-04-0032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Page P, Yang LX. Novel chemoradiosensitizers for cancer therapy. Anticancer Res. 2010;30(9):3675–3682.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arcangeli S, Jereczek-Fossa BA, Alongi F, et al. Combination of novel systemic agents and radiotherapy for solid tumors - Part II: an AIRO (Italian association of radiotherapy and clinical oncology) overview focused on treatment toxicity. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2019;134:104–119. doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.11.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang S, Long S, Wu W. Application of traditional Chinese medicines as personalized therapy in human cancers. Am J Chin Med. 2018;46(5):953–970. doi:10.1142/S0192415X18500507
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kandanur SGS, Tamang N, Golakoti NR, Nanduri S. Andrographolide: a natural product template for the generation of structurally and biologically diverse diterpenes. Eur J Med Chem. 2019;176:513–533. doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan I, Mahfooz S, Ansari IA. Antiproliferative and Apoptotic Properties of Andrographolide Against Human Colon Cancer DLD1 Cell Line. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2020;20(6):930–942. doi:10.2174/1871530319666191125111920
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan I, Mahfooz S, Faisal M, Alatar AA, Ansari IA. Andrographolide induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest through inhibition of aberrant hedgehog signaling pathway in colon cancer cells. Nutr Cancer. 2020;73:1–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan M, Meng W, Liao W, Lian S. Andrographolide antagonizes TNF-α-induced IL-8 via inhibition of NADPH Oxidase/ROS/NF-κB and Src/MAPKs/AP-1 axis in human colorectal cancer HCT116 cells. J Agric Food Chem. 2018;66(20):5139–5148. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00810
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo W, Jia L, Zhang JW, Wang DJ, Ren Q, Zhang W. Andrographolide against lung cancer-new pharmacological insights based on high-throughput metabolomics analysis combined with network pharmacology. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:596652. doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.596652
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peng Y, Wang Y, Tang N, et al. Andrographolide inhibits breast cancer through suppressing COX-2 expression and angiogenesis via inactivation of p300 signaling and VEGF pathway. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2018;37(1):248. doi:10.1186/s13046-018-0926-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li J, Zhang C, Jiang H, Cheng J. Andrographolide inhibits hypoxia-inducible factor-1 through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT pathway and suppresses breast cancer growth. Onco Targets Ther. 2015;8:427–435. doi:10.2147/OTT.S76116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mao W, He P, Wang W, Wu X, Wei C. Andrographolide sensitizes Hep-2 human laryngeal cancer cells to carboplatin-induced apoptosis by increasing reactive oxygen species levels. Anticancer Drugs. 2019;30(7):e0774. doi:10.1097/CAD.0000000000000774
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Su M, Qin B, Liu F, Chen Y, Zhang R. Andrographolide enhanced 5-fluorouracil-induced antitumor effect in colorectal cancer via inhibition of c-MET pathway. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2017;11:3333–3341. doi:10.2147/DDDT.S140354
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang W, Guo W, Li L, et al. Andrographolide reversed 5-FU resistance in human colorectal cancer by elevating BAX expression. Biochem Pharmacol. 2016;121:8–17. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2016.09.024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuwen D, Mi S, Ma Y, et al. Andrographolide enhances cisplatin-mediated anticancer effects in lung cancer cells through blockade of autophagy. Anticancer Drugs. 2017;28(9):967–976. doi:10.1097/CAD.0000000000000537
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li X, Tian R, Liu L, et al. Andrographolide enhanced radiosensitivity by downregulating glycolysis via the inhibition of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. J Int Med Res. 2020;48(8):300060520946169. doi:10.1177/0300060520946169
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrett T, Wilhite SE, Ledoux P, et al. NCBI GEO: archive for functional genomics data sets--update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2013;41(Databaseissue):D991–D995. doi:10.1093/nar/gks1193
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Athar A, Fullgrabe A, George N, et al. ArrayExpress update - from bulk to single-cell expression data. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019;47(D1):D711–D715. doi:10.1093/nar/gky964
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leek JT, Johnson WE, Parker HS, Jaffe AE, Storey JD. The sva package for removing batch effects and other unwanted variation in high-throughput experiments. Bioinformatics. 2012;28(6):882–883. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bts034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sjostedt E, Zhong W, Fagerberg L, et al. An atlas of the protein-coding genes in the human, pig, and mouse brain. Science. 2020;367:6482. doi:10.1126/science.aay5947
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang Z, Li C, Kang B, Gao G, Li C, Zhang Z. GEPIA: a web server for cancer and normal gene expression profiling and interactive analyses. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017;45(W1):W98–W102. doi:10.1093/nar/gkx247
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ru J, Li P, Wang J, et al. TCMSP: a database of systems pharmacology for drug discovery from herbal medicines. J Cheminform. 2014;6:13. doi:10.1186/1758-2946-6-13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith JJ, Strombom P, Chow OS, et al. Assessment of a watch-and-wait strategy for rectal cancer in patients with a complete response after neoadjuvant therapy. JAMA Oncol. 2019;5(4):e185896. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.5896
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He RQ, Li JD, Du XF, et al. LPCAT1 overexpression promotes the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int. 2021;21(1):442. doi:10.1186/s12935-021-02130-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang WJ, He WY, Li JD, et al. Clinical significance and molecular mechanism of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues. Bioengineered. 2021;12(1):4054–4069. doi:10.1080/21655979.2021.1952791
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freije JP, Fueyo A, Uria JA, et al. Human Zn-alpha 2-glycoprotein: complete genomic sequence, identification of a related pseudogene and relationship to class I major histocompatibility complex genes. Genomics. 1993;18(3):575–587. doi:10.1016/S0888-7543(05)80359-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao X, Li H, Qi X, et al. Zinc alpha2 glycoprotein alleviates palmitic acid-induced intracellular lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2017;439:155–164. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2016.06.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian M, Liang Z, Liu R, et al. Effects of sitagliptin on circulating zinc-alpha2-glycoprotein levels in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients: a randomized trial. Eur J Endocrinol. 2016;174(2):147–155. doi:10.1530/EJE-15-0637
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Y, Wang T, Liu X, et al. Neuronal zinc-alpha2-glycoprotein is decreased in temporal lobe epilepsy in patients and rats. Neuroscience. 2017;357:56–66. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.05.043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu Y, Hosseini A, Kauwe JS, et al. Identification and validation of novel CSF biomarkers for early stages of Alzheimer’s disease. Proteomics Clin Appl. 2007;1(11):1373–1384. doi:10.1002/prca.200600999
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorensen-Zender I, Bhayana S, Susnik N, et al. Zinc-alpha2-glycoprotein exerts antifibrotic effects in kidney and heart. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015;26(11):2659–2668. doi:10.1681/ASN.2014050485
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu MY, Chen R, Yu JX, Liu T, Qu Y, Lu LG. AZGP1 suppresses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and hepatic carcinogenesis by blocking TGFbeta1-ERK2 pathways. Cancer Lett. 2016;374(2):241–249. doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2016.02.025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian H, Ge C, Zhao F, et al. Downregulation of AZGP1 by Ikaros and histone deacetylase promotes tumor progression through the PTEN/Akt and CD44s pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma. Carcinogenesis. 2017;38(2):207–217. doi:10.1093/carcin/bgw125
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu J, Han H, Fan Z, et al. AZGP1 inhibits soft tissue sarcoma cells invasion and migration. BMC Cancer. 2018;18(1):89. doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3962-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang H, Wu Y, Qin Y, et al. Reduction of AZGP1 predicts poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients in Northern China. Onco Targets Ther. 2017;10:85–94. doi:10.2147/OTT.S113932
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poropatich K, Paunesku T, Zander A, et al. Elemental Zn and its binding protein Zinc-alpha2-Glycoprotein are elevated in HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):16965. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-53268-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruce HM, Stricker PD, Gupta R, et al. Loss of AZGP1 as a superior predictor of relapse in margin-positive localized prostate cancer. Prostate. 2016;76(16):1491–1500. doi:10.1002/pros.23233
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks JD, Wei W, Pollack JR, et al. Loss of expression of AZGP1 is associated with worse clinical outcomes in a multi-institutional radical prostatectomy cohort. Prostate. 2016;76(15):1409–1419. doi:10.1002/pros.23225
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burdelski C, Kleinhans S, Kluth M, et al. Reduced AZGP1 expression is an independent predictor of early PSA recurrence and associated with ERG-fusion positive and PTEN deleted prostate cancers. Int J Cancer. 2016;138(5):1199–1206. doi:10.1002/ijc.29860
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ji M, Li W, He G, et al. Zinc-alpha2-glycoprotein 1 promotes EMT in colorectal cancer by filamin A mediated focal adhesion pathway. J Cancer. 2019;10(22):5557–5566. doi:10.7150/jca.35380
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu W, Ling J, Yu H, Du J, Liu T. AZGP1 suppresses the process of colorectal cancer after upregulating FASN expression via mTOR signal pathway. Gen Physiol Biophys. 2020;39(3):239–248. doi:10.4149/gpb_2019061
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang H, Li S, Si Y, Xu H. Andrographolide and its derivatives: current achievements and future perspectives. Eur J Med Chem. 2021;224:113710. doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113710
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan I, Khan F, Farooqui A, Ansari IA. Andrographolide exhibits anticancer potential against human colon cancer cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and programmed cell death via augmentation of intracellular reactive oxygen species level. Nutr Cancer. 2018;70(5):787–803. doi:10.1080/01635581.2018.1470649
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan I, Mahfooz S, Saeed M, Ahmad I, Ansari IA. Andrographolide inhibits proliferation of colon cancer SW-480 cells via downregulating notch signaling pathway. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2021;21(4):487–497. doi:10.2174/1871520620666200717143109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dai L, Wang G, Pan W. Andrographolide inhibits proliferation and metastasis of SGC7901 gastric cancer cells. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:6242103. doi:10.1155/2017/6242103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang T, Yao S, Zhang X, Guo Y. Andrographolide inhibits growth of human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia Jurkat cells by downregulation of PI3K/AKT and upregulation of p38 MAPK pathways. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2016;10:1389–1397. doi:10.2147/DDDT.S94983
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang S, Evens AM, Prachand S, et al. Mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in lymphoma cells by the diterpenoid lactone andrographolide, the active component of Andrographis paniculata. Clin Cancer Res. 2010;16(19):4755–4768. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-0883
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mir H, Kapur N, Singh R, Sonpavde G, Lillard JW, Singh S. Andrographolide inhibits prostate cancer by targeting cell cycle regulators, CXCR3 and CXCR7 chemokine receptors. Cell Cycle. 2016;15(6):819–826. doi:10.1080/15384101.2016.1148836
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee YC, Lin HH, Hsu CH, Wang CJ, Chiang TA, Chen JH. Inhibitory effects of andrographolide on migration and invasion in human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells via down-regulation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol. 2010;632(1–3):23–32. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.01.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banerjee M, Chattopadhyay S, Choudhuri T, et al. Cytotoxicity and cell cycle arrest induced by andrographolide lead to programmed cell death of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. J Biomed Sci. 2016;23:40. doi:10.1186/s12929-016-0257-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen W, Feng L, Nie H, Zheng X. Andrographolide induces autophagic cell death in human liver cancer cells through cyclophilin D-mediated mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Carcinogenesis. 2012;33(11):2190–2198. doi:10.1093/carcin/bgs264
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang LJ, Zhou X, Wang W, et al. Andrographolide inhibits oral squamous cell carcinogenesis through NF-kappaB inactivation. J Dent Res. 2011;90(10):1246–1252. doi:10.1177/0022034511418341
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao H, Wang J. Andrographolide inhibits multiple myeloma cells by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep. 2016;13(2):1827–1832. doi:10.3892/mmr.2015.4703
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thingale AD, Shaikh KS, Channekar PR, Galgatte UC, Chaudhari PD, Bothiraja C. Enhanced hepatoprotective activity of andrographolide complexed with a biomaterial. Drug Deliv. 2015;22(1):117–124. doi:10.3109/10717544.2013.871602
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan H, Sun B, Gao F, Lan M. Synergistic anticancer effects of andrographolide and paclitaxel against A549 NSCLC cells. Pharm Biol. 2016;54(11):2629–2635. doi:10.1080/13880209.2016.1176056
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang ZM, Kang YH, Yang X, et al. Andrographolide radiosensitizes human esophageal cancer cell line ECA109 to radiation in vitro. Dis Esophagus. 2016;29(1):54–61. doi:10.1111/dote.12255
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar