Sickle Cell Disease in Early Infancy: A Case Report

References

• Sundd P, Gladwin MT, Novelli EM. Pathophysiology of sickle cell disease. Annu Rev Pathol. 2019;14:263–292. doi:10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-012418-012838
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sedrak A, Kondamudi NP. Sickle Cell Disease. StatPearls; 2021.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Sickle cell disease; 2021. Available from: https://www.afro.who.int/health-topics/sickle-cell-disease. Accessed December 2, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Wastnedge E, Waters D, Patel S, et al. The global burden of sickle cell disease in children under five years of age: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Health. 2018;8(2). doi:10.7189/jogh.08.021103
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chindima N, Nkhoma P, Sinkala M, et al. The use of dried blood spots: a potential tool for the introduction of a neonatal screening program for sickle cell anemia in Zambia. Int J Appl Basic Med Res. 2018;8(1):30. doi:10.4103/ijabmr.IJABMR_105_16
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lettre G, Bauer DE. Fetal haemoglobin in sickle-cell disease: from genetic epidemiology to new therapeutic strategies. Lancet. 2016;387(10037):2554–2564. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01341-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu L, Nnodu OE, Brown BJ, et al. White paper: pathways to progress in newborn screening for sickle cell disease in sub-Saharan Africa. J Trop Dis Public Health. 2018;6(2):115.
   Google Scholar
• Therrell BL, Padilla CD, Loeber JG, et al. Current status of newborn screening worldwide: 2015. In: Seminars in Perinatology. Elsevier; 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Makoni M. Newborn screening for sickle cell disease in Africa. Lancet Haematol. 2021;8(7):e476. doi:10.1016/S2352-3026(21)00166-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akodu S, Diaku-Akinwumi I, Njokanma O. Age at diagnosis of sickle cell anaemia in Lagos, Nigeria. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. 2013;5(1):e2013001–e. doi:10.4084/mjhid.2013.001
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brown BJ, Akinkunmi BF, Fatunde OJ. Age at diagnosis of sickle cell disease in a developing country. Afr J Med Med Sci. 2010;39(3):221–225.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van den Tweel X, Heijboer H, Fijnvandraat K, Peters M. Identifying children with sickle cell anaemia in a non-endemic country: age at diagnosis and presenting symptoms. Eur J Pediatr. 2006;165(8):581. doi:10.1007/s00431-006-0102-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kunz J, Tagliaferri L, Beck D, Kulozik A. Sickle cell disease in Germany. 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Quinn CT. Sickle cell disease in childhood: from newborn screening through transition to adult medical care. Pediatr Clin. 2013;60(6):1363–1381. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2013.09.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akinsheye I, Alsultan A, Solovieff N, et al. Fetal hemoglobin in sickle cell anemia. Blood. 2011;118(1):19–27. doi:10.1182/blood-2011-03-325258
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houwing ME, de Pagter PJ, van Beers EJ, et al. Sickle cell disease: clinical presentation and management of a global health challenge. Blood Rev. 2019;37:100580. doi:10.1016/j.blre.2019.05.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailey K, Morris J, Thomas P, Serjeant G. Fetal haemoglobin and early manifestations of homozygous sickle cell disease. Arch Dis Child. 1992;67(4):517–520. doi:10.1136/adc.67.4.517
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paydas S. Sickle cell anemia and hematological neoplasias. Leuk Lymphoma. 2002;43(7):1431–1434. doi:10.1080/1042819022386833
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman MJ. Erythrocytic mechanism of sickle cell resistance to malaria. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 1978;75(4):1994–1997. doi:10.1073/pnas.75.4.1994
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luzzatto L. Sickle cell anaemia and malaria. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. 2012;4(1):e2012065–e. doi:10.4084/mjhid.2012.065
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Komba AN, Makani J, Sadarangani M, et al. Malaria as a cause of morbidity and mortality in children with homozygous sickle cell disease on the coast of Kenya. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49(2):216–222. doi:10.1086/599834
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makani J, Komba AN, Cox SE, et al. Malaria in patients with sickle cell anemia: burden, risk factors, and outcome at the outpatient clinic and during hospitalization. Blood. 2010;115(2):215–220. doi:10.1182/blood-2009-07-233528
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nickel RS, Hsu LL. Clinical manifestations of sickle cell anemia: infants and children. In: Sickle Cell Anemia. Springer; 2016:213–229.
   Google Scholar
• Bainbridge R, Higgs DR, Maude GH, Serjeant GR. Clinical presentation of homozygous sickle cell disease. J Pediatr. 1985;106(6):881–885. doi:10.1016/S0022-3476(85)80230-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Saqladi A-W, Delpisheh A, Bin-Gadeem H, Brabin BJ. Clinical profile of sickle cell disease in Yemeni children. Ann Trop Paediatr. 2007;27(4):253–259. doi:10.1179/146532807X245634
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin OO, Moquist KL, Hennessy JM, Nelson SC. Invasive pneumococcal disease in children with sickle cell disease in the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2018;65(1):e26713. doi:10.1002/pbc.26713
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oligbu G, Fallaha M, Pay L, Ladhani S. Risk of invasive pneumococcal disease in children with sickle cell disease in the era of conjugate vaccines: a systematic review of the literature. Br J Haematol. 2019;185(4):743–751. doi:10.1111/bjh.15846
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosseinkhani F, Buirs MT, Jabalameli F, Emaneini M, van Leeuwen WB. High diversity in SCCmec elements among multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus strains originating from paediatric patients; characterization of a new composite island. J Med Microbiol. 2018;67(7):915–921. doi:10.1099/jmm.0.000776
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Montalembert M, Tshilolo L, Allali S. Sickle cell disease: a comprehensive program of care from birth. Hematology. 2019;2019(1):490–495. doi:10.1182/hematology.2019000053
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gaston MH, Verter JI, Woods G, et al. Prophylaxis with oral penicillin in children with sickle cell anemia. N Engl J Med. 1986;314(25):1593–1599. doi:10.1056/NEJM198606193142501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okpala I, Thomas V, Westerdale N, et al. The comprehensive care of sickle cell disease. Eur J Haematol. 2002;68(3):157–162. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0609.2002.01523.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yanni E, Grosse SD, Yang Q, Olney RS. Trends in pediatric sickle cell disease-related mortality in the United States, 1983–2002. J Pediatr. 2009;154(4):541–545. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.09.052
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ataga KI, Kutlar A, DeBonnett L, Lincy J, Kanter J. Crizanlizumab treatment is associated with clinically significant reductions in hospitalization in patients with sickle cell disease: results from the sustain study. Blood. 2019;134:2289. doi:10.1182/blood-2019-125868
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riley TR, Riley TT. Profile of crizanlizumab and its potential in the prevention of pain crises in sickle cell disease: evidence to date. J Blood Med. 2019;10:307. doi:10.2147/JBM.S191423
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar