Flow cytometric immunophenotyping of hematological malignancies: the way forward in Nigeria

References

• Williams CKO, Saxinger C, Alabi GO, et al. Human T cell leukaemia virus-associated lymphoproliferative disease: report of two cases in Nigeria. Br Med J. 1984;288(6429):1495–1496.
   Google Scholar
• Akang EE. Recent methods and techniques in diagnostic histopathology: the impact on tropical pathology practice. Annals of Tropical Pathology. 2010;1:7–15.
   Google Scholar
• Adebamowo CA, Famooto A, Ogundiran TO, Aniagwu T, Nkwodimmah C, Akang EE. Immunohistochemical and molecular subtypes of breast cancer in Nigeria. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2008; 110(1):183–188.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas JO, Rafindadi A, Heyyet A, Jones M, Gatter KC, Manson DY. Immunophenotyping of Nigerian cases of non-Hodgkins lymphoma on paraffin sections. Histopathology. 1991;18(6):505–510.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas JO, Olu-Eddo AN. Immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of small blue cell tumors of childhood. West Afr J Med. 2006;25(3): 199–204.
   Google Scholar
• Davis BH, Foucar K, Szczkowski W, et al. US-Canadian consensus recommendation in the immunophenotypic analysis of hematologic neoplasia by flow cytometry: medical indications. Cytometry. 1997; 30(5):249–263.
   Google Scholar
• Jennings CD, Foon KA. Recent advances in flow cytometry: application to the diagnosis of hematologic malignancy. Blood. 1997;90(8): 2863–2892.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lanza F. Towards standardization in immunophenotyping hematological malignancies. How can we improve the reproducibility and comparability of flow cytometric results? Working Group on Leukemia Immunophenotyping. Eur J Histochem. 1996;40 Suppl 1:7–14.
   Google Scholar
• Rothe G, Schmitz G. Consensus protocol for the flowcytometry immunophenotyping of hematologic malignancies. Working Group on Flow Cytometric and Image analysis. Leukemia. 1996; 10(5):877–895.
   Google Scholar
• Ruiz Arguelles A, Dugue RE, Orfao A. Report on the first Latin American consensus conference on flow cytometric immunophenotyp- ing of leukaemia. Cytometry. 1998;34(1):39–42.
   Google Scholar
• Braylan RC, Borowitz MJ, Davis BH, Stelzer GT, Steward CC. US- Canadian consensus recommendation on the immunophenotypic recommendations of hematologic neoplasia by flow cytometry. Cytometry. 1997; 30(5):213.
   Google Scholar
• General Haematology Task Force of BCSH. Immunophenotyping in the diagnosis of acute leukaemias. J Clin Pathol. 1994;47(9):777–781.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• General Haematology Task Force of BCSH. Immunophenotyping in the diagnosis of chronic lymphoproliferative disorders. J Clin Pathol. 1994;47(10):871–875.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Batata A, Shen B. Immunophenotyping of subtypes of B-chronic (mature) lymphoid leukemia. A study of 242 cases. Cancer. 1992; 70(10):2436–2443.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogen S, Pelly D, Charif M, et al. Immunophenotypic identification of Sezary cells in peripheral blood. Am J Clin Pathol. 1996;106(6): 739–748.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catovsky D. Chronic lymphoproliferative disorders. Curr Opin Oncol. 1995;7(1):3–11.
   Google Scholar
• Cheson B, Bennet J, Grover M, et al. National Cancer Institute-sponsored working group guidelines for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: revised guidelines for diagnosis and treatment. Blood. 1996;87(12): 4990–4997.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emile JF, Bouliand ML, Haloun C, et al. CD5- CD56+ T-cell receptor silent peripheral T-cell lymphomas are natural killer cell lymphomas. Blood. 1996;87(4):1466–1473.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geisler C, Larsen J, Hansen N, et al. Prognostic importance of flow cytometric immunophenotyping of 540 consecutive patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood. 1991;78(7):1795–1802.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Stein H, et al. A revised European-American classification of lymphoid neoplasms: aproposal from the International Lymphoma Study Group. Blood. 1994;84(5):1361–1392.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoyer J, Ross C, Li CY, et al. True T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a morphologic and immunophenotypic study of 25 cases. Blood. 1995; 86(3):1163–1169.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kilo MN, Dorfman DM. The utility of flow cytometric immunophenotypic analysis in the distinction of small lymphocytic leukemia from mantle cell lymphoma. Blood. 1996;105(4):451–457.
   Google Scholar
• Macon W, Williams M, Greer J, et al. Natural killer-like T-cell lymphomas suggestive of lymphoma of T-large granular lymphocytes. Blood. 1996;87(4);1474–1483.
   Google Scholar
• Manutes E, Catosky D. CLL should be used only for the disease with B cell phenotype. Leukemia. 1993;7(6):917–918.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manutes E, Catosky D, Mature T-cell leukaemia lymphoma syndromes. Review of our experience in 175 cases. Leuk Lymphoma. 1991;4: 81–89.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matutes E, Owosu-Ankomah K, Morilla R, Garcia Marco J, Houlihan A, Catovsky D. The immunologic profile of B-cell disorders and proposal of a scoring system for the diagnosis of CLL. Leukemia. 1994;8(10):1640–1645.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rozman C, Montserrat E. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 1995;333(16):1052–1057.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sememzato G, Zambello R, Starkebaum G, Oshimi K, Loughran T. The lymphoproliferative disease of granular lymphocytes: updated criteria for diagnosis. Blood. 1997;89(1):256–260.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tbakhi A, Edinger M, Myles J, Pohlman B, Tubbs R. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and related disorders. Cytometry. 1996;25(2):113–124.
   Google Scholar
• The Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Classification Project. A clinical evaluation of the International Lymphoma Study Group classification of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Blood. 1997;89(11):3909–3918.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamada Y. Phenotypic and functional analysis of leukemic cells from 16 patients with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Blood. 1983;61(1): 192–199.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zuckerberg LR, Medeiros LJ, Ferry JA, Harris NL. Diffuse low-grade B-cell lymphomas. Four clinically distinct subtypes defined by a combination of morphologic and immunophenotypic features. Am J Clin Pathol. 1993;100(4):373–385.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bene MC, Castoldi G, Knapp W, et al. Proposals for the immunological classification of acute leukaemias. European group for the Immunological Characterization of Leukaemias (EGIL). Leukemia. 1995;9(10): 1783–1786.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanson C, Abaza M, Sheldon S, Ross C, Schnitzer B, Stoolman L. Acute biphenotypicleukaemia: immunophenotypic and cytogenetic analysis. Br J Haematol. 1995;84(1):49–60.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jannosy G, Coustan-Smith E, Campana D. The reliability of cytoplasmic CD3 and CD22 antigen expression in the immunodiagnosis of acute leukemia: a study of 500 cases. Leukemia. 1989;3(3):170–181.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Launder T, Bray R, Stempora L, Chenggis ML, Farhi DC. Lymphoid- associated antigen expression by acute myeloid leukemia. Am J Clin Pathol. 1996;106(2):185–191.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• San Miguel JF, Martinez A, Macedo A, et al. Immunophenotyping investigation of minimal residual disease is a useful approach for predicting relapse in acute myeloid leukaemiapatients. Blood. 1997;90(6):2465–2470.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urbano-Ispizua A, Cervantes F, Matutes E, et al. Immunophenotypic characteristics of blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia: correlations with clinico-biological features and survival. Leukemia. 1993; 7(9):1349–1354.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borwitz MJ, Bray R, Gascoyne R, et al. US-Canadian consensus recommendations on the immunophenotypic analysis of hematologic neoplasia by flow cytometry data: analysis and interpretation. Cytometry. 1997;30(5):236–244.
   Google Scholar
• Borowitz MJ, Guenther KL, Shults KE, Stelzer GT. Immunopheno- typing of acute leukaemia by flow cytometric analysis. Use of CD45 and right-angle light scatter to gate on leukemic blasts in three-color analysis. Am J Clin Pathol. 1993;100(5):543–540.
   Google Scholar
• Hurwitz CA, Loken MR, Graham ML, et al. Asynchronous antigen expression in B lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood. 1988;72(1):299–307.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foon KA, Todd RF. Immunologic classification of leukemia and lymphoma. Blood. 1986;68(1):1–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett JM, Catovsky D, Daniel MT, et al. Proposal for the recognition of minimally differentiated acute myeloid leukaemia (AML-M0). Br J Haematol. 1991;78(3):325–329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paietta E, Andersen J, Wernick P. A new approach to analyzing the utility of immunophenotyping for predicting clinical outcome in acute leukemia. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Leukemia. 1996;10(1):1–4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• San Miguel JF, Gonzalez M, Canizo MC, et al. Leukemias with megakaryoblastic involvement: clinical hematologic and immunologic characteristics. Blood. 1988;72(2):402–407.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• San Miguel JF, Gonzalez M, Canizo MC, Anta JP, Zola H, Lopez Borrasca A. Surface marker analysis in acute myeloid leukaemia and correlation with FAB classification. Br J Haematol. 1986;64(3):547–560.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bene MC, Bernier M, Castoldi G, et al. Impact of immunophenotyping on management of acute leukemias. Haematologica. 1999;84(11):1024–1034.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montserrat E. Chronic lymphoproliferative disorders. Curr Opin Oncol. 1997;9(1):34–41.
   Google Scholar
• San Miguel JF, Almeida J, Orfao A. . Laboratory investigations. In: Mehta J. editor. Myeloma. Oxford: ISIS Medical Media. 1999: 234–268.
   Google Scholar
• Letwin B, Wallace P, Muirhead K, Hensler W, Kashatus W, Horan P. An improved clonal excess assay using flow cytometry and B cell gating. Blood. 1990;75:1178–1185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orfao A, Almeida J, Sanchez ML, Sanchez-Guijo F, Vallejo C, Lopez-Berges MC, et al. Incidence of aberrant phenotypes in a large series of B cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders. Implications for minimal residual disease. Cytometry. 1998;(Suppl 9):53.
   Google Scholar
• Sharp P, Joshi S, Armitage J, et al. Significance of detection of occult non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in histologically non-involved bone marrow by a culture technique. Blood. 1992;79(4):1074–1080.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campana D, Pui CH. Detection of minimal residual disease in acute leukemia: methodologic advances and clinical significance. Blood. 1995;85(6):1416–1434.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campana D, Yokota S, Coustan-Smith E, Hansen-Hagge TE, Janossy G, Bartram CR. The detection of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells with immunologic methods and polymerase chain reaction: a comparative study. Leukemia. 1990;4(9):609–614.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciudad J, Sau-Miguel JF, Lopez-Berges MC, et al. Prognostic value of immunophenotypic detection of minimal residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 1998;16(12):3774–3781.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orfao A, Cludad J, Lopez-Berges MC, et al. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL): detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) at flow cytometry. LeukLymphoma.1994;13 Suppl 1:87–90.
   Google Scholar
• San Miguel JF, Gonzalez M, Orfao A. Minimal residual disease in acute myeloid malignancies. In Degos L, Herman F, Linch D, Lowenberg D, editors. Text book of malignant hematology. London: Martin Dunitz. 1998:871–891.
   Google Scholar
• Van Dongen JJM, Bartram CR, Worman B, Biondi A, Orfao A, San Miguel JF. Detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) in acute leukaemia (AL). Trends Oncol Hematol. 1995;3:54–58.
   Google Scholar
• Worman B, Griesinger F, Innig G, Kolkmeyer A, Toepken S, Grove D, et al. Detection of minimal leukaemic cells in patients with acute myeloid leukemia based on cell surface antigen expression. Sangre (Barc). 1992;37(2):133–135.
   Google Scholar
• Bradstock KF, Kirk J, Grimsley PG, Kabral A, Hughes WG. Unusual immunophenotypes in acute leukaemias: incidence and clinical correlations. Br J Haematol. 1989;72(4):512–518.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campana D, Coustan-Smith E, Behn FG. The definition of remission in acute leukemia with immunological techniques. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1991;8(6):429–437.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith F, Lamkin B, Versteeg C, et al. Expression of-lymphoid associated cell surface antigens by childhood acute myeloid cells lacks prognostic significance. Blood. 1992;79(9):2415–2422.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vidriales B, Orfao A, Gonzales M, et al. Expression of NK and lymphoid-associated antigens in blast cells of acute myeloblastic leukemia. Leukemia. 1993;7(12):2026–2029.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creutzig U, Harbott J, Sperling C, et al. Clinical significance of surface antigen expression in children with acute myeloid leukemia. Blood. 1995;86(8):3097–3108.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NewBU. Flow cytometry in haematology [slide show]. 2010. Available at: http://www.slideshare.net/NewBU/flow-cytometry-in- haematology?from=share_email_login3. Accessed May 25, 2011.
   Google Scholar