A 4-year non-randomized comparative phase-IV study of early rheumatoid arthritis: integrative anthroposophic medicine for patients with preference against DMARDs versus conventional therapy including DMARDs for patients without preference

References

• GabrielSEMichaudKEpidemiological studies in incidence, prevalence, mortality, and comorbidity of the rheumatic diseasesArthritis Res Ther200911322919519924
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ScottDLWolfeFHuizingaTWRheumatoid arthritisLancet201037697461094110820870100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeeDMWeinblattMERheumatoid arthritisLancet2001358928590391111567728
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MatchamFRaynerLSteerSHotopfMThe prevalence of depression in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysisRheumatology (Oxford)201352122136214824003249
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ListingJGerholdKZinkAThe risk of infections associated with rheumatoid arthritis, with its comorbidity and treatmentRheumatology (Oxford)2013521536123192911
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MichaudKWolfeFComorbidities in rheumatoid arthritisBest Pract Res Clin Rheumatol200721588590617870034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SmolenJSLandeweRBijlsmaJEULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2016 updateAnn Rheum Dis201776696097728264816
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BonafedeMMFoxKMJohnsonBHWatsonCGandraSRFactors associated with the initiation of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis: a retrospective claims database studyClin Ther201234245746722284901
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KielyPWilliamsRWalshDYoungAContemporary patterns of care and disease activity outcome in early rheumatoid arthritis: the ERAN cohortRheumatology (Oxford)2009481576018984608
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JamalSAlibhaiSMBadleyEMBombardierCTime to treatment for new patients with rheumatoid arthritis in a major metropolitan cityJ Rheumatol20113871282128821572157
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de ThurahANorgaardMJohansenMStengaard-PedersenKTime to methotrexate treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis referred to hospitalScand J Rheumatol2010391192520132066
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RantalaihoVKautiainenHVirtaLKorpelaMMottonenTPuolakkaKTrends in treatment strategies and the usage of different disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs in early rheumatoid arthritis in Finland. Results from a nationwide register in 2000–2007Scand J Rheumatol2011401162120726683
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WiddifieldJBernatskySPatersonJMQuality care in seniors with new-onset rheumatoid arthritis: a Canadian perspectiveArthritis Care Res20116315357
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Navarro-CompanVSmolenJSHuizingaTWQuality indicators in rheumatoid arthritis: results from the METEOR databaseRheumatology (Oxford)20155491630163925877910
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HopsonSSavernoKLiuLZImpact of out-of-pocket costs on prescription fills among new initiators of biologic therapies for rheumatoid arthritisJ Manag Care Spec Pharm201622212213027015251
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WesthoffGZinkABasic treatment of early rheumatoid arthritis. Abstaining from rheumatological care and preferring alternative medicine increase the risk of undertreatmentZ Rheumatol200766212112412612817334734
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CarliCEhlinAGKlareskogLLindbladSMontgomerySMTrends in disease modifying antirheumatic drug prescription in early rheumatoid arthritis are influenced more by hospital setting than patient or disease characteristicsAnn Rheum Dis20066581102110516322085
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BrownEMGarneauKLTsaoHSolomonDHDMARD non-use in low-income, elderly rheumatoid arthritis patients: results of 86 structured interviewsArthritis Res Ther2014161R3024472640
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BuchbinderRGingoldMHallSCohenMNon-prescription complementary treatments used by rheumatoid arthritis patients attending a community-based rheumatology practiceIntern Med J2002325–620821412036218
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RaoJKKroenkeKMihaliakKAGrambowSCWeinbergerMRheumatology patients’ use of complementary therapies: results from a one-year longitudinal studyArthritis Rheum200349561962514558046
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HermanCJAllenPHuntWCPrasadABradyTJUse of complementary therapies among primary care clinic patients with arthritisPrev Chronic Dis200414A12
   Google Scholar
• KajiyamaHAkamaHYamanakaHOne third of Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis use complementary and alternative medicineMod Rheumatol200616635535917164996
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ZamanTAgarwalSHandaRComplementary and alternative medicine use in rheumatoid arthritis: an audit of patients visiting a tertiary care centreNatl Med J India200720523623918254519
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeeMSLeeMSYangCYUse of complementary and alternative medicine by rheumatoid arthritis patients in KoreaClin Rheumatol2008271293317541497
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TokemYParlarKSOzerSNakasDArgonGA multicenter analysis of the use of complementary and alternative medicine in Turkish patients with rheumatoid arthritis: holistic nursing practice review copyHolist Nurs Pract20142829810524503747
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MehrpoorGOwliaMBMirjaliliMRFarzanAAkramiAComplementary alternative medicine in rheumatologic diseases; data from outpatient clinics in Yazd, IranJ Case Rep Practi2014239296
   Google Scholar
• RoseGWhy do patients with rheumatoid arthritis use complementary therapies?Musculoskeletal Care20064210111517042021
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SmolenJSLandeweRBreedveldFCEULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2013 updateAnn Rheum Dis201473349250924161836
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SteinerRWegmanIExtending Practical Medicine. Fundamental Principles Based on the Science of the Spirit. [GA 27] [First published 1925]BristolRudolf Steiner Press2000
   Google Scholar
• SimonLArzneimittelfindung am Beispiel chronische Polyarthritis (chronisches Gelenkrheuma) [Remedy finding: the example of rheumatoid arthritis]GlöcklerMAnthroposophische Arzneitherapie für Ärzte und Apotheker [Anthroposophic Medication Therapy for Physicians and Pharmacists]StuttgartDeutscher Apotheker Verlag20053-13-28
   Google Scholar
• SimonLAnthroposophische Langzeittherapie entzündlich-rheumatischer Erkrankungen – Konzeption und PerspektivenStreitERistLEthik und Wissenschaft in der Anthroposophischen Medizin Beiträge zu einer Erneuerung der MedizinBernPeter Lang Verlag2006215241
   Google Scholar
• KlasenJAutoimmun-ErkrankungenStuttgartTrias-Verlag2011
   Google Scholar
• SimonLSchietzelTGärtnerCKümmellHCSchulteMEin anthroposophisches Therapiekonzept für entzündlich-rheumatische Erkrankungen. Ergebnisse einer zweijährigen Pilotstudie. [An anthroposophic therapy concept for inflammatory rheumatoid disorders. Results of a two-year pilot study]Forsch Komplementärmed199741727
   Google Scholar
• CameronMGagnierJJChrubasikSHerbal therapy for treating rheumatoid arthritisCochrane Database Syst Rev20112CD00294821328257
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HanARobinsonVJuddMTaixiangWWellsGTugwellPTai chi for treating rheumatoid arthritisCochrane Database Syst Rev20043CD00484915266544
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeeMSShinBCErnstEAcupuncture for rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic reviewRheumatology (Oxford)200847121747175318710899
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacfarlaneGJEl-MetwallyADeSVErnstEDowdsGLMootsRJEvidence for the efficacy of complementary and alternative medicines in the management of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic reviewRheumatology (Oxford)20115091672168321652584
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacfarlaneGJPaudyalPDohertyMA systematic review of evidence for the effectiveness of practitioner-based complementary and alternative therapies in the management of rheumatic diseases: rheumatoid arthritisRheumatology (Oxford)20125191707171322661556
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeichsenringFRandomized controlled versus naturalistic studies: a new research agendaBull Menninger Clin200468213715115262616
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ArnettFCEdworthySMBlochDThe American Rheumatism Association 1987 revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritisArthritis Rheum1988313153243358796
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BurkhardGBiographical Work: The Anthroposophical BasisEdinburghFloris Books2007
   Google Scholar
• Kjeldsen-KraghJRheumatoid arthritis treated with vegetarian dietsAm J Clin Nutr1999703 Suppl594S600S10479237
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MasonJHAndersonJJMeenanRFHaralsonKMLewis-StevensDKaineJLThe rapid assessment of disease activity in rheumatology (radar) questionnaire. Validity and sensitivity to change of a patient self-report measure of joint count and clinical statusArthritis Rheum19923521561621734905
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MauWZeidlerHThe internist’s differential diagnosis of low back pains (see comments)Dtsch Med Wochenschr199512046158915947588040
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LarsenAThoenJHand radiography of 200 patients with rheumatoid arthritis repeated after an interval of one yearScand J Rheumatol19871663954013423748
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RauRHerbornGA modified version of Larsen’s scoring method to assess radiologic changes in rheumatoid arthritisJ Rheumatol19952210197619828992004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RauRHerbornGHealing phenomena of erosive changes in rheumatoid arthritis patients undergoing disease-modifying antirheumatic drug therapyArthritis Rheum19963911621688546726
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RauRHerbornGMenningerHBlechschmidtJComparison of intramuscular methotrexate and gold sodium thiomalate in the treatment of early erosive rheumatoid arthritis: 12 month data of a double-blind parallel study of 174 patientsBr J Rheumatol19973633453529133967
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• RauRWassenbergSHerbornGStuckiGGeblerAA new method of scoring radiographic change in rheumatoid arthritisJ Rheumatol19982511209421079818650
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RauRWassenbergSHerbornGPerschelWTFreitagGIdentification of radiologic healing phenomena in patients with rheumatoid arthritisJ Rheumatol200128122608261511764205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WassenbergSRauRProblems in evaluating radiographic findings in rheumatoid arthritis using different methods of radiographic scoring: examples of difficult cases and a study design to develop an improved scoring methodJ Rheumatol19952210199019978992006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SteinbrockerOTraegerCHBattermannRCTherapeutic criteria in rheumatoid arthritisJ Am Med Assoc1949140865966218150288
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der HeijdeDMvan ’t HofMAvan RielPLJudging disease activity in clinical practice in rheumatoid arthritis: first step in the development of a disease activity scoreAnn Rheum Dis199049119169202256738
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RitchieDMBoyleJAMcInnesJMClinical studies with an articular index for the assessment of joint tenderness in patients with rheumatoid arthritisQ J Med1968371473934064877784
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• TORPEDO studyA study on rapid effect of tocilizumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with an inadequate response to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) or anti-TNFClinicalTrials.gov2014 Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/results/NCT00977106Accessed January 27, 2016
   Google Scholar
• HarrisEDRheumatoid ArthritisPhiladelphiaSaunders1997
   Google Scholar
• KoopmanWJBoulwareDWHeudebertGRClinical Primer of RheumatologyPhiladelphiaLippincott Williams & Wilkins2003
   Google Scholar
• KaiserHKleyHKCortisontherapie Corticoide in Klinik und Praxis10th edStuttgartThieme Verlag1997
   Google Scholar
• SharpJTWolfeFMitchellDMBlochDAThe progression of erosion and joint space narrowing scores in rheumatoid arthritis during the first twenty-five years of diseaseArthritis Rheum19913466606682053913
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DixonJSBirdHASittonNGPickupMEWrightVC-reactive protein in the serial assessment of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritisScand J Rheumatol198413139446202005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der HeijdeDMvan RielPLvan LeeuwenMAvan ’t HofMAvan RijswijkMHvan de PutteLBPrognostic factors for radiographic damage and physical disability in early rheumatoid arthritis. A prospective follow-up study of 147 patientsBr J Rheumatol19923185195251386548
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van der HeijdeDDankertTNiemanFRauRBoersMReliability and sensitivity to change of a simplification of the Sharp/van der Heijde radiological assessment in rheumatoid arthritisRheumatology (Oxford)1999381094194710534543
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Des JarlaisDCLylesCCrepazNImproving the reporting quality of nonrandomized evaluations of behavioral and public health interventions: the TREND statementAm J Public Health200494336136614998794
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RaspeHHHagedornUKohlmannTMattussekSDer Funktionsfragebogen Hannover (FFbH): Ein Instrument zur Funktionsdiagnostik bei polyartikulären GelenkerkrankungenSiegristJWohnortnahe Betreuung Rheumakranker Ergebnisse sozialwissenschaftlicher Evaluation eines ModellversuchesStuttgartSchattauer Verlag19901641823
   Google Scholar
• KorpelaMLaasonenLHannonenPRetardation of joint damage in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis by initial aggressive treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: five-year experience from the FIN-RACo studyArthritis Rheum20045072072208115248204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goekoop-RuitermanYPde Vries-BouwstraJKAllaartCFClinical and radiographic outcomes of four different treatment strategies in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (the BeSt study): a randomized, controlled trialArthritis Rheum200552113381339016258899
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WassenbergSRauRSteinfeldPZeidlerHVery low-dose prednisolone in early rheumatoid arthritis retards radiographic progression over two years: a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trialArthritis Rheum200552113371338016255011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RantalaihoVKorpelaMLaasonenLEarly combination disease-modifying antirheumatic drug therapy and tight disease control improve long-term radiologic outcome in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis: the 11-year results of the Finnish Rheumatoid Arthritis Combination Therapy trialArthritis Res Ther2010123R12220576092
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RantalaihoVKautiainenHKorpelaMTargeted treatment with a combination of traditional DMARDs produces excellent clinical and radiographic long-term outcomes in early rheumatoid arthritis regardless of initial infliximab. The 5-year follow-up results of a randomised clinical trial, the NEO-RACo trialAnn Rheum Dis201473111954196123908187
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der KooijSMGoekoop-RuitermanYPde Vries-BouwstraJKDrug-free remission, functioning and radiographic damage after 4 years of response-driven treatment in patients with recent-onset rheumatoid arthritisAnn Rheum Dis200968691492118662933
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VerstappenSMJacobsJWBijlsmaJWFive-year followup of rheumatoid arthritis patients after early treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs versus treatment according to the pyramid approach in the first yearArthritis Rheum20034871797180712847672
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SmytheHAHelewaAGoldsmithCH“Independent assessor” and “pooled index” as techniques for measuring treatment effects in rheumatoid arthritisJ Rheumatol197742144152881691
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MarkatseliTEPapagorasCDrososAAPrognostic factors for erosive rheumatoid arthritisClin Exp Rheumatol2010281114123
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SmolenJSLandeweRBreedveldFCEULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugsAnn Rheum Dis201069696497520444750
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KrügerKWollenhauptJAlbrechtKS1-Leitlinie der DGRh zur sequenziellen medikamentösen Therapie der rheumatoiden Arthritis 2012. Adaptierte EULAR-Empfehlungen und aktualisierter Therapiealgorithmus [German 2012 guidelines for the sequential medical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Adapted EULAR recommendations and updated treatment algorithm]Z Rheumatol201271759260322930110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IVAA–International Federation of Anthroposophic Medical Associations2012Facts and figures on Anthroposophic Medicine worldwide Available from: http://www.ivaa.infoAccessed August 15, 2013
   Google Scholar
• KienleGSAlbonicoHUBaarsEHamreHJZimmermannPKieneHAnthroposophic medicine: an integrative medical system originating in EuropeGlob Adv Health Med2013262031
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HamreHJGlockmannASchwarzRAntibiotic use in children with acute respiratory or ear infections: prospective observational comparison of anthroposophic and conventional treatment under routine primary care conditionsEvid Based Complement Alternat Med2014201424380125505919
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SimonLPrescribing anthroposophic medicines: Substances, pharmaceutical processes, principles of effectivenessArendtADebusMKarutzMVademecum of Anthroposophic Medicines, 3rd English EditionFilderstadtAssociation of Anthroposophic Physicians in Germany (GAÄD)2017579647
   Google Scholar
• KienleGSKieneHAlbonicoHUAnthroposophic medicine: effectiveness, utility, costs, safetyStuttgart, New YorkSchattauer Verlag2006
   Google Scholar
• JonesGMaierJPedersenPSchwarzRMennet-von EiffMAnthroposophic Pharmaceutical Codex APC, Fourth EditionDornachInternational Association of Anthroposophic Pharmacists2017
   Google Scholar
• WittCMBluthMAlbrechtHWeisshuhnTEBaumgartnerSWillichSNThe in vitro evidence for an effect of high homeopathic potencies – a systematic review of the literatureComplement Ther Med200715212813817544864
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HamreHJKieneHKienleGSClinical research in anthroposophic medicineAltern Ther Health Med20091565255
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirchner-BockholtMFundations of curative eurythmy2nd edEdinburghFloris Books2004
   Google Scholar
• HamreHJWittCMGlockmannAZieglerRWillichSNKieneHAnthroposophic art therapy in chronic disease: a four-year prospective cohort studyExplore20073436537117681256
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BüssingACysarzDEdelhäuserFBornhoftGMatthiessenPFOstermannTThe oil-dispersion bath in anthroposophic medicine – an integrative reviewBMC Complement Altern Med2008861
   Google Scholar
• LayerMHandbook for Rhythmical Einreibungen according to Wegman/HauschkaForest RowTemple Lodge Press2006
   Google Scholar
• HamreHJWittCMGlockmannAZieglerRWillichSNKieneHAnthroposophic medical therapy in chronic disease: a four-year prospective cohort studyBMC Complement Altern Med2007710
   Google Scholar