Increased Computer Use is Associated with Trunk Asymmetry That Negatively Impacts Health-Related Quality of Life in Early Adolescents

References

• Pastorelli F, Pasquetti P. Biomechanical analysis and rehabilitation in athletes. Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab. 2013;10(2):96.
   Google Scholar
• Kim D, Cho M, Park Y, Yang Y. Effect of an exercise program for posture correction on musculoskeletal pain. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015;27(6):1791–1794. doi:10.1589/jpts.27.1791
   Google Scholar
• Carini F, Mazzola M, Fici C, et al. Posture and posturology, anatomical and physiological profiles: overview and current state of art. Acta Biomed. 2017;88(1):11–16. doi:10.23750/abm.v88i1.5309
   Google Scholar
• Griegel-Morris P, Larson K, Mueller-Klaus K, Oatis CA. Incidence of common postural abnormalities in the cervical, shoulder, and thoracic regions and their association with pain in two age groups of healthy subjects. Phys Ther. 1992;72(6):425–431. doi:10.1093/ptj/72.6.425
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biernat M, Bąk-Sosnowska M. The impact of body posture on self-image and psychosocial functioning during adolescence. Pediatr I Med Rodz. 2018;14(3):282–285. doi:10.15557/PiMR.2018.0031
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Latalski M, Bylina J, Fatyga M, et al. Risk factors of postural defects in children at school age. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2013;20(3):583–587.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan B, Lu X, Qiu Q, Nie G, Huang Y. Association between incorrect posture and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis among Chinese adolescents: findings from a large-scale population-based study. Front Pediatr. 2020;8:548. doi:10.3389/fped.2020.00548
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang L, Lu X, Yan B, Huang Y. Prevalence of incorrect posture among children and adolescents: finding from a large population-based study in China. iScience. 2020;23(5):101043. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2020.101043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kratěnová J, Žejglicová K, Malý M, Filipová V. Prevalence and risk factors of poor posture in school children in the Czech Republic. J Sch Health. 2007;77(3):131–137. doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2007.00182.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Motylewski S, Zientala A, Pawlicka-Lisowska A, Poziomska-Piątkowska E. Assessment of body posture in 12- and 13-year-olds attending primary schools in Pabianice. Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2015;39(234):368–371.
   Google Scholar
• Briggs AM, Smith AJ, Straker LM, Bragge P. Thoracic spine pain in the general population: prevalence, incidence and associated factors in children, adolescents and adults. A systematic review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2009;10(1):77. doi:10.1186/1471-2474-10-77
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho CY, Hwang IS, Chen CC. The association between psychological distress and musculoskeletal symptoms experienced by Chinese high school students. J Orthop Sport Phys Ther. 2003;33(6):344–353. doi:10.2519/jospt.2003.33.6.344
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho CY. Survey of faulty postures and associated factors among Chinese adolescents. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2008;31(3):224–229. doi:10.1016/j.jmpt.2008.02.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolphens M, Cagnie B, Coorevits P, et al. Sagittal standing posture and its association with spinal pain. Spine. 2012;37(19):1657–1666. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e3182408053
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quka N, Stratoberdha D, Selenica R. Risk factors of poor posture in children and its prevalence. Acad J Interdiscip Stud. 2015;4(3):97–102. doi:10.5901/ajis.2015.v4n3p97
   Google Scholar
• Demirbüken İ, Özgül B, Timurtaş E, et al. Demographic characteristics related to body posture in early adolescence. J Exerc Ther Rehabil. 2016;3(3):84–89.
   Google Scholar
• Ozdemir S, Gencbas D, Tosun B, Bebis H, Sinan O. Musculoskeletal pain, related factors, and posture profiles among adolescents: a cross-sectional study from Turkey. Pain Manag Nurs. 2021;22:522–530. doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2020.11.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maciałczyk-Paprocka K, Stawińska-Witoszyńska B, Kotwicki T, et al. Prevalence of incorrect body posture in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity. Eur J Pediatr. 2017;176(5):563–572. doi:10.1007/s00431-017-2873-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brink Y, Louw Q, Grimmer K, Jordaan E. The spinal posture of computing adolescents in a real-life setting. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2014;15(1):212. doi:10.1186/1471-2474-15-212
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanphitakphong P, Thawinchai N, Poomsalood S, Jin Z. Effect of prolonged continuous smartphone gaming on upper body postures and fatigue of the neck muscles in school students aged between 10–18 years. Cogent Eng. 2021;8(1):1890368. doi:10.1080/23311916.2021.1890368
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lenhart A, Duggan M, Perrin A, Stepler R, Rainie H, Parker K. Teens, Social Media & Technology Overview 2015. Pew Research Center; 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson M, Jiang J. Teens, Social Media & Technology 2018. Pew Research Center; 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Nault ML, Allard P, Hinse S, et al. Relations between standing stability and body posture parameters in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine. 2002;27(17):1911–1917. doi:10.1097/00007632-200209010-00018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nissinen M, Heliövaara M, Seitsamo J, Poussa M. Trunk asymmetry, posture, growth, and risk of scoliosis. Spine. 1993;18(1):8–13. doi:10.1097/00007632-199301000-00002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheung MC, Yip J, Fok LH, Kwok G. Health-related quality of life in adolescents with mild scoliosis. Proceedings of the 31st International Academic Conference. London: International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences; 2017. doi:10.20472/IAC.2017.031.016.
   Google Scholar
• Cheung MC, Yip J, Fok LH, Kwok G. Prevalence of pain and mood symptoms in female adolescents with early signs of scoliosis. Paper Presented at 2018 International Health Conference; 2018 Jun 28-30; London, United Kingdom.
   Google Scholar
• Tones M, Moss N, Polly DW. A review of quality of life and psychosocial issues in scoliosis. Spine. 2006;31(26):3027–3038. doi:10.1097/01.brs.0000249555.87601.fc
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balla BJ, Hanţiu I. Trunk asymmetry at children aged 10–15 years: relation between amount of asymmetry and risk factors. Timisoara Phys Educ Rehabil J. 2017;10(19):114–118. doi:10.1515/tperj-2017-0027
   Google Scholar
• Hazebroek-Kampschreur AAJM, Hofman A, van Dijk AP, van Linge B. Prevalence of trunk abnormalities in eleven-year-old schoolchildren in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. J Pediatr Orthop. 1992;12(4):480–484. doi:10.1097/01241398-199207000-00012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grivas TB, Vasiliadis ES, Koufopoulos G, Segos D, Triantafyllopoulos G, Mouzakis V. Study of trunk asymmetry in normal children and adolescents. Scoliosis. 2006;1(1):19. doi:10.1186/1748-7161-1-19
   Google Scholar
• Qiao J, Xu L, Zhu Z, et al. Inter- and intraobserver reliability assessment of the axial trunk rotation: manual versus smartphone-aided measurement tools. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2014;15(1):343. doi:10.1186/1471-2474-15-343
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bunnell WP. Outcome of spinal screening. Spine. 1993;18(12):1572–1580. doi:10.1097/00007632-199309000-00001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amendt LE, Ause-Ellias KL, Eybers JL, Wadsworth CT, Nielsen DH, Weinstein SL. Validity and reliability testing of the scoliometer®. Phys Ther. 1990;70(2):108–117. doi:10.1093/ptj/70.2.108
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rigo M. Patient evaluation in idiopathic scoliosis: radiographic assessment, trunk deformity and back asymmetry. Physiother Theory Pract. 2011;27(1):7–25. doi:10.3109/09593985.2010.503990
   Google Scholar
• Côté P, Kreitz BG, Cassidy JD, Dzus AK, Martel J. A study of the diagnostic accuracy and reliability of the scoliometer and Adam’s forward Bend test. Spine. 1998;23(7):796–802. doi:10.1097/00007632-199804010-00011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oetgen ME, Heyer JH, Kelly SM. Scoliosis screening. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2021;29(9):370–379. doi:10.5435/JAAOS-D-20-00356
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Navarro IJRL, Candotti CT, do Amaral MA, Dutra VH, Gelain GM, Loss JF. Validation of the measurement of the angle of trunk rotation in photogrammetry. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2020;43(1):50–56. doi:10.1016/j.jmpt.2019.05.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lam C. Reliability and construct validity of the Chinese (Hong Kong) SF-36 patients in primary care. Hong Kong Pract. 2003;25(10):468–475.
   Google Scholar
• Lam C, Gandek B, Ren XS, Chan MS. Tests of scaling assumptions and construct validity of the Chinese (HK) version of the SF-36 Health Survey. J Clin Epidemiol. 1998;51(11):1139–1147. doi:10.1016/S0895-4356(98)00105-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lam C, Lauder IJ, Lam TP, Gandek B. Population based norming of the Chinese (HK) version of the SF-36 health survey. Hong Kong Pract. 1999;21(10):460–470.
   Google Scholar
• Lam C, Fong D, Lauder IJ, Lam TPD. The effect of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) on health service utilisation of a Chinese population. Soc Sci Med. 2002;55(9):1635–1646. doi:10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00296-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ware JE, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36): I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care. 1992;30(6):473–483. doi:10.1097/00005650-199206000-00002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ware JE, Snow KK, Kosinski M, Gandek B. SF-36 Health Survey: Manual and Interpretation Guide. The Health Institute, New England Medical Center; 1993.
   Google Scholar
• Adams W. Lectures on the Pathology and Treatment of Lateral and Other Forms of Curvature of the Spine. London: J & A. Churchill; 1882.
   Google Scholar
• Vercauteren M, Van Beneden M, Verplaetse R, Croene P, Uyttendaele D, Verdonk R. Trunk asymmetries in a Belgian school population. Spine. 1982;7(6):555–562. doi:10.1097/00007632-198211000-00008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fok Q, Liu PY, Yip J, et al. School scoliosis screening in Hong Kong: trunk asymmetry of girls with scoliosis. MOJ Orthop Rheumatol. 2020;12(1):7–10. doi:10.15406/mojor.2020.12.00506
   Google Scholar
• Yang L, Lu X, Yan B, Huang Y. Prevalence of abnormal body posture among Chinese children and adolescents: a large population (158,584) -based cross-sectional study. Eurasian J Med Oncol. 2020;4(1):71–78. doi:10.14744/ejmo.2020.49640
   Google Scholar
• Kwok G, Yip J, Cheung MC, Yick KL. Evaluation of myoelectric activity of paraspinal muscles in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis during habitual standing and sitting. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:958450. doi:10.1155/2015/958450
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwok G, Yip J, Yick KL, et al. Postural screening for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with infrared thermography. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):14431. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-14556-w
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang SC. Cut-off point of the scoliometer in school scoliosis screening. Spine. 1997;22(17):1985–1989. doi:10.1097/00007632-199709010-00007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gandek B, Ware JE. Methods for Validating and norming translations of health status questionnaires. J Clin Epidemiol. 1998;51(11):953–959. doi:10.1016/S0895-4356(98)00086-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen CY, Storr CL. Alcohol use and health-related quality of life among youth in Taiwan. J Adolesc Heal. 2006;39(5):752.e9–752.e16. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.04.019
   Google Scholar
• Jörngården A, Wettergen L, von Essen L. Measuring health-related quality of life in adolescents and young adults: Swedish normative data for the SF-36 and the HADS, and the influence of age, gender, and method of administration. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2006;4(1):91. doi:10.1186/1477-7525-4-91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin Y, Yu Y, Zeng J, Zhao X, Wan C. Comparing the reliability and validity of the SF-36 and SF-12 in measuring quality of life among adolescents in China: a large sample cross-sectional study. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2020;18(1):360. doi:10.1186/s12955-020-01605-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ware JE, Kosinski M, Gandek B, et al. The factor structure of the SF-36 Health Survey in 10 countries. J Clin Epidemiol. 1998;51(11):1159–1165. doi:10.1016/S0895-4356(98)00107-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheung MC, Yip J, Wong CSH. Quality of life among young female adolescents with regular daily use of electronic/video games in Hong Kong. Paper Presented at the IISES International Academic Conference; 2019 May 21-24; London, United Kingdom.
   Google Scholar
• Cheung MC, Yip J, Wong CSH. Influence of computer and smartphone usage on quality of life in young female adolescents in Hong Kong. Paper Presented at 2019 International Symposium on Education and Psychology (ISEP 2019); 2019 Apr 1-3; Fukuoka, Japan.
   Google Scholar
• Stiglic N, Viner RM. Effects of screentime on the health and well-being of children and adolescents: a systematic review of reviews. BMJ Open. 2019;9(1):e023191. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023191
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hakala PT, Saarni LA, Punamäki RL, Wallenius MA, Nygård C-H, Rimpelä AH. Musculoskeletal symptoms and computer use among Finnish adolescents - pain intensity and inconvenience to everyday life: a cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2012;13(1):41. doi:10.1186/1471-2474-13-41
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hakala PT, Rimpelä AH, Saarni LA, Salminen JJ. Frequent computer-related activities increase the risk of neck–shoulder and low back pain in adolescents. Eur J Public Health. 2006;16(5):536–541. doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckl025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva AG, Sa-Couto P, Queirós A, Neto M, Rocha NP. Pain, pain intensity and pain disability in high school students are differently associated with physical activity, screening hours and sleep. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2017;18(1):194. doi:10.1186/s12891-017-1557-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ng KC, Wu LH, Lam HY, et al. The relationships between mobile phone use and depressive symptoms, bodily pain, and daytime sleepiness in Hong Kong secondary school students. Addict Behav. 2020;101:105975. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.04.033
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shan Z, Deng G, Li J, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhao Q. Correlational analysis of neck/shoulder pain and low back pain with the use of digital products, physical activity and psychological status among adolescents in Shanghai. PLoS One. 2013;8(10):e78109. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minoo D, Nasser B, Mahmood S. Prevalence and causes of postural deformities in upper and lower extremities among 9–18 years old school female in Golestan province. Eur J Exp Biol. 2013;3(6):115–121.
   Google Scholar
• Meziat Filho N, Coutinho ES, Azevedo e Silva G. Association between home posture habits and low back pain in high school adolescents. Eur Spine J. 2015;24(3):425–433. doi:10.1007/s00586-014-3571-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sjøgaard G, Lundberg U, Kadefors R. The role of muscle activity and mental load in the development of pain and degenerative processes at the muscle cell level during computer work. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2000;83(2–3):99–105. doi:10.1007/s004210000285
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brink Y, Louw Q, Grimmer K, Jordaan E. The relationship between sitting posture and seated-related upper quadrant musculoskeletal pain in computing South African adolescents: a prospective study. Man Ther. 2015;20(6):820–826. doi:10.1016/j.math.2015.03.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arienti C, Buraschi R, Donzelli S, Zaina F, Pollet J, Negrini S. Trunk asymmetry is associated with dominance preference: results from a cross-sectional study of 1029 children. Braz J Phys Ther. 2019;23(4):324–328. doi:10.1016/j.bjpt.2018.08.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grivas TB, Vasiliadis ES, Polyzois VD, Mouzakis V. Trunk asymmetry and handedness in 8245 school children. Pediatr Rehabil. 2006;9(3):259–266. doi:10.1080/10428190500343027
   PubMedGoogle Scholar