References
- American Psychiatric AssociationDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders5th edArlington, VAAPA2013
- American Psychiatric AssociationDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders2nd edArlington, VAAPA1972
- JenkinsRLBoyerATypes of delinquent behavior and background factorsInt J Soc Psychiatry19681416576
- QuayHCDimensions of personality in delinquent boys as inferred from the factor analysis of case history dataChild Dev196435247948414163551
- American Psychiatric AssociationDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders3rd edArlington, VAAPA1980
- MattisonRCantwellDPRussellATWillLA comparison of DSM-II and DSM-III in the diagnosis of childhood psychiatric disorders – II: interrater agreementArch Gen Psychiatry1979361112171222485779
- RutterMShafferDDSM-III: a step forward or back in terms of the classification of child psychiatric disorders?J Am Acad Child Psychiatry19801933713947410749
- AchenbachTMDSM-III in light of empirical research on the classification of child psychopathologyJ Am Acad Child Psychiatry19801933954127410750
- ReyJMBashirMRSchwarzMRichardsINPlappJMStewartGWOppositional disorder: fact or fiction?J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry19882721571623360716
- SpitzerRLDaviesMBarkleyRAThe DSM-III-R field trial of disruptive behavior disordersJ Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry19902956906972228920
- FrickPJLaheyBBApplegateBDSM-IV field trials for the disruptive behavior disorders: symptom utility estimatesJ Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry19943345295398005906
- LaheyBBApplegateBBarkleyRADSM-IV field trials for oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder in children and adolescentsAm J Psychiatry19941518116311718037251
- CohenPCohenJBrookJAn epidemiological study of disorders in late childhood and adolescence – II: persistence of disordersJ Child Psychol Psychiatry19933468698778408372
- World Health OrganizationThe ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural DisordersGenevaWHO1994
- FarringtonDPLoeberRVan KammenWBLong-term criminal outcomes of hyperactivity-impulsivity-attention deficit and conduct problems in childhoodRobinsLNRutterMStraight and Devious Pathways from Childhood to AdulthoodNew YorkCambridge University Press1990
- RoweRMaughanBPicklesACostelloEJAngoldAThe relationship between DSM-IV oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder: findings from the Great Smoky Mountains StudyJ Child Psychol Psychiatry200243336537311944878
- KeenanKWroblewskiKHipwellALoeberRStouthamer-LoeberMAge of onset, symptom threshold, and expansion of the nosology of conduct disorder for girlsJ Abnorm Psychol2010119468969820853913
- RoweRCostelloEJAngoldACopelandWEMaughanBDevelopmental pathways in oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorderJ Abnorm Psychol2010119472673821090876
- BurkeJDWaldmanILaheyBBPredictive validity of childhood oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder: implications for the DSM-VJ Abnorm Psychol2010119473975120853919
- KolkoDJPardiniDAODD dimensions, ADHD, and callous-unemotional traits as predictors of treatment response in children with disruptive behavior disordersJ Abnorm Psychol2010119471372521090875
- MikolajewskiAJTaylorJIaconoWGOppositional defiant disorder dimensions: genetic influences and risk for later psychopathologyJ Child Psychol Psychiatry201758670271028059443
- StringarisAGoodmanRThree dimensions of oppositionality in youthJ Child Psychol Psychiatry200950321622319166573
- FarringtonDPLoeberRStouthamer-LoeberMKammenWBSchmidtLSelf-reported delinquency and a combined delinquency seriousness scale based on boys, mothers, and teachers: concurrent and predictive validity for African-Americans and CaucasiansCriminology1996344493517
- LoeberRBurkeJDLaheyBBWintersAZeraMOppositional defiant and conduct disorder: a review of the past 10 years – part IJ Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry200039121468148411128323
- FergussonDMBodenJMHorwoodLJClassification of behavior disorders in adolescence: scaling methods, predictive validity, and gender differencesJ Abnorm Psychol2010119469971220853914
- StringarisAMaughanBGoodmanRWhat’s in a disruptive disorder? Temperamental antecedents of oppositional defiant disorder: findings from the Avon longitudinal studyJ Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry201049547448320431467
- AxelsonDFindlingRLFristadMAExamining the proposed disruptive mood dysregulation disorder diagnosis in children in the Longitudinal Assessment of Manic Symptoms StudyJ Clin Psychiatry201273101342135023140653
- DoughertyLRSmithVCBufferdSJKesselEMCarlsonGAKleinDNDisruptive mood dysregulation disorder at the age of 6 years and clinical and functional outcomes 3 years laterPsychol Med201646051103111426786551
- DoughertyLRSmithVCBufferdSJDSM-5 disruptive mood dysregulation disorder: correlates and predictors in young childrenPsychol Med201444112339235024443797
- FreemanAJYoungstromEAYoungstromJKFindlingRLDisruptive mood dysregulation disorder in a community mental health clinic: prevalence, comorbidity and correlatesJ Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol201626212313026745325
- MayesSDWaxmonskyJDCalhounSLBixlerEODisruptive mood dysregulation disorder symptoms and association with oppositional defiant and other disorders in a general population child sampleJ Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol201626210110626745442
- NockMKKazdinAEHiripiEKesslerRCLifetime prevalence, correlates, and persistence of oppositional defiant disorder: results from the National Comorbidity Survey ReplicationJ Child Psychol Psychiatry200748770371317593151
- WaschbuschDAKingSShould sex-specific norms be used to assess attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or oppositional defiant disorder?J Consult Clin Psychol200674117918516551155
- HarveyEABreauxRPLugo-CandelasCIEarly development of comorbidity between symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)J Abnorm Psychol2016125215416726854502
- KimHWChoSCKimBNKimJWShinMSYeoJYDoes oppositional defiant disorder have temperament and psychopathological profiles independent of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder?Compr Psychiatry201051441241820579516
- FitePJEvansSCCooleyJLRubensSLFurther evaluation of associations between attention-deficit/hyperactivity and oppositional defiant disorder symptoms and bullying-victimization in adolescenceChild Psychiatry Hum Dev2014451324123516013
- LucianoMThe ICD-11 beta draft is available onlineWorld Psychiatry201514337537626407802
- EvansSCBurkeJDRobertsMCIrritability in child and adolescent psychopathology: an integrative review for ICD-11Clin Psychol Rev201753294528192774
- GottesmanIIGouldTDThe endophenotype concept in psychiatry: etymology and strategic intentionsAm J Psychiatry2003160463664512668349
- MorrisSECuthbertBNResearch domain criteria: cognitive systems, neural circuits, and dimensions of behaviorDialogues Clin Neurosci2012141293722577302
- PoldermanTJBenyaminBde LeeuwCAMeta-analysis of the heritability of human traits based on fifty years of twin studiesNat Genet201547770270925985137
- KruegerRFHicksBMPatrickCJCarlsonSRIaconoWGMcGueMEtiologic connections among substance dependence, antisocial behavior and personality: modeling the externalizing spectrumJ Abnorm Psychol2002111341142412150417
- CoolidgeFLThedeLLYoungSEHeritability and the comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with behavioral disorders and executive function deficits: a preliminary investigationDev Neuropsychol200017327328711056845
- LaheyBBWaldmanIDAnnual research review: phenotypic and causal structure of conduct disorder in the broader context of prevalent forms of psychopathologyJ Child Psychol Psychiatry201253553655722211395
- JainMPalacioLGCastellanosFXAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and comorbid disruptive behavior disorders: evidence of pleiotropy and new susceptibility lociBiol Psychiatry200761121329133916950213
- AnneyRJLasky-SuJO’DúshláineCConduct disorder and ADHD: evaluation of conduct problems as a categorical and quantitative trait in the international multicentre ADHD genetics studyAm J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet2008147B81369137818951430
- PappaIPourcainBStBenkeKA genome-wide approach to children’s aggressive behavior: the EAGLE consortiumAm J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet2016171556257226087016
- SalvatoreJEDickDMGenetic influences on conduct disorderNeurosci Biobehav Rev Epub2016624
- DickDMAlievFLatendresseSHow phenotype and developmental stage affect the genes we find: GABRA2 and impulsivityTwin Res Hum Genet201316366166923561058
- VeroudeKZhang-JamesYFernàndez-CastilloNBakkerMJCormandBFaraoneSVGenetics of aggressive behavior: an overviewAm J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet2016171B134326345359
- FicksCAWaldmanIDCandidate genes for aggression and antisocial behavior: a meta-analysis of association studies of the 5HTTLPR and MAOA-uVNTRBehav Genet201444542744424902785
- Zhang-JamesYFaraoneSVGenetic architecture for human aggression: a study of gene-phenotype relationship in OMIMAm J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet2016171564164926288127
- Bakermans-KranenburgMJvan IjzendoornMHThe hidden efficacy of interventions: gene×environment experiments from a differential susceptibility perspectiveAnnu Rev Psychol20156638140925148854
- GradyDLChiHCDingYCHigh prevalence of rare dopamine receptor D4 alleles in children diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorderMol Psychiatry20038553654512808433
- BelskyJPluessMGenetic moderation of early child-care effects on social functioning across childhood: a developmental analysisChild Dev20138441209122523432522
- KingAPMuzikMHamiltonLTaylorABRosenblumKLLiberzonIDopamine receptor gene DRD4 7-repeat allele X maternal sensitivity interaction on child externalizing behavior problems: independent replication of effects at 18 monthsPLoS One2016118e016047327494520
- CecilCALysenkoLJJaffeeSREnvironmental risk, oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) methylation and youth callous-unemotional traits: a 13-year longitudinal studyMol Psychiatry201419101071107725199917
- NoordermeerSDLumanMOosterlaanJA systematic review and meta-analysis of neuroimaging in oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) taking attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) into accountNeuropsychol Rev2016261447226846227
- BlairRJLeeTMThe social cognitive neuroscience of aggression, violence, and psychopathySoc Neurosci20138210811123410514
- DiamondAExecutive functionsAnnu Rev Psychol20136413516823020641
- RubiaK“Cool” inferior frontostriatal dysfunction in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder versus “hot” ventromedial orbitofrontal-limbic dysfunction in conduct disorder: a reviewBiol Psychiatry20116912e69e8721094938
- AshburnerJFristonKJVoxel-based morphometry: the methodsNeuroimage2000116 Pt 180582110860804
- MechelliAPriceCJFristonKJAshburnerJVoxel-based morphometry of the human brain: methods and applicationsCurr Med Imaging Rev200512105113
- WhitwellJLVoxel-based morphometry: an automated technique for assessing structural changes in the brainJ Neurosci200929319661966419657018
- PuzzoISmaragdiAGonzalezKMartin-KeyNFairchildGNeurobiological, neuroimaging, and neuropsychological studies of children and adolescents with disruptive behavior disorders: neurobiology of child disruptive behaviorsFam Relat2016651134150
- BethlehemRARomero-GarciaRMakEBullmoreETBaron-CohenSStructural covariance networks in children with autism or ADHDCereb Cortex20172784267427628633299
- FairchildGToschiNSullyKMapping the structural organization of the brain in conduct disorder: replication of findings in two independent samplesJ Child Psychol Psychiatry20165791018102627306512
- FischlBFreeSurferNeuroimage201262277478122248573
- FahimCHeYYoonUChenJEvansAPérusseDNeuroanatomy of childhood disruptive behavior disordersAggress Behav201137432633721538379
- FairchildGHaganCCPassamontiLWalshNDGoodyerIMCalderAJAtypical neural responses during face processing in female adolescents with conduct disorderJ Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry2014536677687.e524839886
- PassamontiLFairchildGGoodyerIMNeural abnormalities in early-onset and adolescence-onset conduct disorderArch Gen Psychiatry201067772973820603454
- DecetyJMichalskaKJAkitsukiYLaheyBBAtypical empathic responses in adolescents with aggressive conduct disorder: a functional MRI investigationBiol Psychol200980220321118940230
- SarkarSCraigMCCataniMFrontotemporal white-matter microstructural abnormalities in adolescents with conduct disorder: a diffusion tensor imaging studyPsychol Med201343240141122617495
- ZhangJGaoJShiHSex differences of uncinate fasciculus structural connectivity in individuals with conduct disorderBiomed Res Int2014201467316524829912
- Haney-CaronECaprihanAStevensMCDTI-measured white matter abnormalities in adolescents with conduct disorderJ Psychiatr Res201448111112024139595
- FingerECMarshABlairKSImpaired functional but preserved structural connectivity in limbic white matter tracts in youth with conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder plus psychopathic traitsPsychiatry Res Neuroimaging2012202323924422819939
- ZhouJYaoNFairchildGDisrupted default mode network connectivity in male adolescents with conduct disorderBrain Imaging Behav2016104995100326489977
- ScottSOppositional and conduct disordersThaparAPineDSLeckmanJFScottSSnowlingMJTaylorEARutter’s Child and Adolescent Psychiatry6th edNew Jersey, USAWiley-Blackwell2015913930
- SerafiniGPompiliMBorgwardtSBrain changes in early-onset bipolar and unipolar depressive disorders: a systematic review in children and adolescentsEur Child Adolesc Psychiatry201423111023104125212880
- LorberMFPsychophysiology of aggression, psychopathy, and conduct problems: a meta-analysisPsychol Bull2004130453155215250812
- van GoozenSHFairchildGHaroldGTThe role of neurobiological deficits in childhood antisocial behaviorCurr Dir Psychol Sci2008173224228
- van GoozenSHMatthysWCohen-KettenisPTGispen-de WiedCWiegantVMvan EngelandHSalivary cortisol and cardiovascular activity during stress in oppositional-defiant disorder boys and normal controlsBiol Psychiatry19984375315399547933
- SchoorlJvan RijnSde WiedMvan GoozenSHSwaabHNeurobiological stress responses predict aggression in boys with oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder: a 1-year follow-up intervention studyEur Child Adolesc Psychiatry201726780581328181041
- LaurentHKGilliamKSWrightDBFisherPAChild anxiety symptoms related to longitudinal cortisol trajectories and acute stress responses: evidence of developmental stress sensitizationJ Abnorm Psychol20151241687925688433
- StadlerCSchmeckKNowratyIMüllerWEPoustkaFPlatelet 5-HT uptake in boys with conduct disorderNeuropsychobiology200450324425115365224
- ZepfFDGaberTJBubenzerSReduced central nervous 5-HT neurotransmission in youth with ADHD influences ratings of a virtual opponents’ extraversion: effects of trait-aggressionJ Pediatr Sci201132e73
- AriasJMAcostaCAValenciaJGExploring epistasis in candidate genes for antisocial personality disorderPsychiatr Genet201121311512421519306
- MatthysWVanderschurenLJSchutterDJLochmanJEImpaired neurocognitive functions affect social learning processes in oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder: implications for interventionsClin Child Fam Psychol Rev201215323424622790712
- GriffithSFArnoldDHRolon-ArroyoBHarveyEANeuropsychological predictors of ODD symptom dimensions in young childrenJ Clin Child Adolesc Psychol Epub2017112
- AebiMPlattnerBMetzkeCWBesslerCSteinhausenHCParent- and self-reported dimensions of oppositionality in youth: construct validity, concurrent validity, and the prediction of criminal outcomes in adulthoodJ Child Psychol Psychiatry201354994194923356718
- CardNALittleTDProactive and reactive aggression in childhood and adolescence: a meta-analysis of differential relations with psychosocial adjustmentInt J Behav Dev2006305466480
- BoivinMBrendgenMVitaroFEvidence of gene-environment correlation for peer difficulties: disruptive behaviors predict early peer relation difficulties in school through genetic effectsDev Psychopathol2013251799223398754
- PardiniDFrickPJMultiple developmental pathways to conduct disorder: current conceptualizations and clinical implicationsJ Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry2013221202523390429
- CaspiAMoffittTEGene-environment interactions in psychiatry: joining forces with neuroscienceNat Rev Neurosci20067758359016791147
- PlominRDanielsDWhy are children in the same family so different from one another?Int J Epidemiol201140356358221807642
- NathanPEGormanJMA Guide to Treatments That Work4th edOxford, NYOxford University Press2015
- KnappPChaitAPappadopulosECrystalSJensenPSTreatment of maladaptive aggression in youth – CERT guidelines I: engagement, assessment, and managementPediatrics20121296e1562e157622641762
- RosatoNSCorrellCUPappadopulosETreatment of maladaptive aggression in youth – CERT guidelines II: treatments and ongoing managementPediatrics20121296e1577e158622641763
- SandersMRDevelopment, evaluation, and multinational dissemination of the Triple P positive parenting programAnnu Rev Clin Psychol2012834537922149480
- ForgatchMSPattersonGRGewirtzAHLooking forward: the promise of widespread implementation of parent training programsPerspect Psychol Sci20138668269424443650
- ScottSO’ConnorTGFuthAMatiasCPriceJDoolanMImpact of a parenting program in a high-risk, multi-ethnic community: the PALS trialJ Child Psychol Psychiatry201051121331134120868373
- GrazianoPABagnerDMSlavecJFeasibility of intensive parent-child interaction therapy (I-PCIT): results from an open trialJ Psychopathol Behav Assess2015371384926097286
- KleinmanKESaighPAThe effects of the good behavior game on the conduct of regular education New York City high school studentsBehav Modif20113519510521177520
- Webster-StrattonCReidMJA multifaceted treatment approach for young children with conduct problemsKazdinAEWeiszJREvidence-Based Psychotherapies for Children and Adolescents3rd edNew YorkGuildford2017122141
- GavitaOACelinARational stories versus rational parenting program for the treatment of child psychopathology: efficacy of two formats of rational-emotive behavior therapyJ Cogn Behav Psychother20131313356
- LochmanJELenhartLAAnger coping intervention for aggressive children: conceptual models and outcome effectsClin Psychol Rev1993138785805
- LochmanJEWellsKCThe Coping Power program for preadolescent aggressive boys and their parents: outcome effects at the 1-year follow-upJ Consult Clin Psychol200472457157815301641
- LochmanJEWellsKCEffectiveness of the Coping Power program and of classroom intervention with aggressive children: outcomes at a 1-year follow-upBehav Ther2003344493515
- LochmanJEWellsKCContextual social-cognitive mediators and child outcome: a test of the theoretical model in the Coping Power programDev Psychopathol200214494596712549711
- LeijtenPRaaijmakersMAJde CastroBOvan den BanEMatthysWEffectiveness of the Incredible Years parenting program for families with socioeconomically disadvantaged and ethnic minority backgroundsJ Clin Child Adolesc Psychol2017461597325985392
- McCartMRSheidowAJEvidence-based psychosocial treatments for adolescents with disruptive behaviorJ Clin Child Adolesc Psychol201645552956327152911
- BrestanEVEybergSMEffective psychosocial treatments of conduct-disordered children and adolescents: 29 years, 82 studies, and 5,272 kidsJ Clin Child Psychol19982721801899648035
- EybergSMNelsonMMBoggsSREvidence-based psychosocial treatments for children and adolescents with disruptive behaviorJ Clin Child Adolesc Psychol200837121523718444059
- SukhodolskyDGSmithSDMcCauleySAIbrahimKPiaseckaJBBehavioral interventions for anger, irritability, and aggression in children and adolescentsJ Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol2016261586426745682
- HawesDJPriceMJDaddsMRCallous-unemotional traits and the treatment of conduct problems in childhood and adolescence: a comprehensive reviewClin Child Fam Psychol Rev201417324826724748077
- MasiGMiloneAManfrediABrovedaniPPisanoSMuratoriPCombined pharmacotherapy-multimodal psychotherapy in children with disruptive behavior disordersPsychiatry Res201623881327086204
- TourianLLeBoeufABretonJJTreatment options for the cardinal symptoms of disruptive mood dysregulation disorderJ Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry2015241415426336379
- SafaviPHasanpour-DehkordiAAhmadiMAComparison of risperidone and aripiprazole in the treatment of preschool children with disruptive behavior disorder and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder: a randomized clinical trialJ Adv Pharm Technol Res201672434727144151
- GormanDAGardnerDMMurphyALCanadian guidelines on pharmacotherapy for disruptive and aggressive behavior in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, or conduct disorderCan J Psychiatry2015602627625886657