876
Views
23
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Research

Disease Prevention Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Role of Self-Esteem: An Extended Parallel Process Model

&
Pages 123-135 | Published online: 10 Feb 2021

References

  • WHO. WHO live world statistics report on coronavirus disease (COVID-19). World Health Organization; 2020. Available from: https://covid19.who.int/. Accessed December 11, 2020.
  • Jian SW, Cheng HY, Huang XT, Liu DP. Contact tracing with digital assistance in Taiwan’s COVID-19 outbreak response. Int J Infact Dis. 2020;101:348–352. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.1483
  • Brailovskaia J, Margraf J. Predicting adaptive and maladaptive responses to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak: a prospective longitudinal study. Int J Clin Health Psychol. 2020;20:183–191. doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2020.06.002
  • Witte K. Fear control and danger control: a test of the extended parallel process model (EPPM). Commun Monogr. 1994;61(2):113–134. doi:10.1080/03637759409376328
  • Shi J, Smith SW. The effects of fear appeal message repetition on perceived threat, perceived efficacy, and behavioral intention in the extended parallel process model. Health Commun. 2016;31(3):275–286. doi:10.1080/10410236.2014.948145
  • Chen L, Yang X, Fu L, Liu X, Yuan C. Using the extended parallel process model to examine the nature and impact of breast cancer prevention information on mobile-based social media: content analysis. JMIR mHealth uHealth. 2019;7(6):e13987. doi:10.2196/13987
  • Zonouzy VT, Niknami S, Ghofranipour F, Montazeri A. An educational intervention based on the extended parallel process model to improve attitude, behavioral intention, and early breast cancer diagnosis: a randomized trial. Int J Womens Health. 2019;11:1–10. doi:10.2147/IJWH.S182146
  • Chen L, Yang X. Using EPPM to evaluate the effectiveness of fear appeal messages across different media outlets to increase the intention of breast self-examination among Chinese women. Health Commun. 2018;34(11):1369–1376. doi:10.1080/10410236.2018.1493416
  • Taggart T, Taboada A, Stein JA, Milburn NG, Gere D, Lightfoot AF. AMP!: a cross-site analysis of the effects of a theater-based intervention on adolescent awareness, attitudes, and knowledge about HIV. Prev Sci. 2016;17(5):544–553. doi:10.1007/s11121-016-0645-4
  • Gómez-Ortiz O, Romera EM, Jiménez-Castillejo R, Ortega-Ruiza R, García-López LJ. Parenting practices and adolescent social anxiety: a director in direct relationship? Int J Clin Health Psychol. 2019;19(2):124–133. doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2019.04.001
  • Bajaj B, Robins RW, Pande N. Mediating role of self-esteem on the relationship between mindfulness, anxiety, and depression. Pers Individ Differ. 2016;96:127–131. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.02.085
  • Coopersmith S. A method for determining types of self-esteem. J Abnormal Soc Psychol. 1959;59(1):87–94. doi:10.1037/h0048001
  • Baumeister RF, Vohs KD. Revisiting our reappraisal of the (surprisingly few) benefits of high self-esteem. Perspect Psychol Sci. 2018;13(2):137–140. doi:10.1177/1745691617701185
  • Ramiro MT, Teva I, Bermúdez MP, Buela-Casal G. Social support, self-esteem and depression: relationship with risk for sexually transmitted infections/HIV transmission. Int J Clin Health Psychol. 2013;13:181–188. doi:10.1016/S1697-2600(13)70022-X
  • Bermudez LG, Yu G, Lu L, et al. HIV risk among displaced adolescent girls in Ethiopia: the role of gender attitudes and self-esteem. Prev Sci. 2019;20(1):137–146. doi:10.1007/s11121-018-0902-9
  • Kima DH, Bassettb SM, Takahashi L, Voisin D. What does self-esteem have to do with behavioral health among low-income youth in Chicago? J Youth Stud. 2018;21(8):999–1010. doi:10.1080/13676261.2018.1441982
  • Yuan JM, Zhang JE, Zheng MC, Bu XQ. Stigma and its influencing factors among Chinese patients with stoma. Psycho Oncol. 2018;27(6):1565–1571. doi:10.1002/pon.4695
  • Arsandaux J, Montagni I, Macalli M, Bouteloup V, Tzourio C, Galera C. Health risk behaviors and self-esteem among college students: systematic review of quantitative studies. Int J Behav Med. 2020;27(2):142–159. doi:10.1007/s12529-020-09857-w
  • Schürmann J, Margraf J. Age of anxiety and depression revisited: a meta-analysis of two European community samples (1964–2015). Int J Clin Health Psychol. 2018;18(2):102–112. doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2018.02.002
  • Ames ME, Leadbeater BJ, MacDonald SWS. Health behavior changes in adolescence and young adulthood: implications for cardio metabolic risk. Health Psychol. 2018;37(2):103–113. doi:10.1037/hea0000560
  • Hooker K, Mejía ST, Phibbs S, Tan EJ, Stevens J. Effects of age discrimination on self-perceptions of aging and cancer risk behaviors. Gerontologist. 2019;59(Suppl 1):S28–S37. doi:10.1093/geront/gny183
  • Lee SY, Kim SJ, Yoo KB, Lee SG, Park E-C. Gender gap in self-rated health in South Korea compared with the United States. Int J Clin Health Psychol. 2016;16(1):11–20. doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2015.08.004
  • Olson JS, Robert AH, Kathleen MH. Gender and health behavior clustering among US young adults. Biodemography Soc Biol. 2017;63(1):3–20. doi:10.1080/19485565.2016.1262238
  • Simons RL, Lei MK, Klopack E, Beach SRH, Gibbons FX, Philibert RA. The effects of social adversity, discrimination, and health risk behaviors on the accelerated aging of African Americans: further support for the weathering hypothesis. Soc Sci Med. 2020;113169. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113169
  • Ye Y, Wang R, Feng D, et al. The recommended and excessive preventive behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic: a community-based online survey in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(19):article 6953. doi:10.3390/ijerph17196953
  • Goh KK, Lu ML, Jou S. Zero confirmed cases: the ways we curb COVID-19 in Taiwanese prisons. J Glob Health. 2020;10(2):article 020377. doi:10.7189/jogh.10.020377
  • Wang CJ, Ng CY, Brook RH. Response to COVID-19 in Taiwan: big data analytics, new technology, and proactive testing. JAMA. 2020;323:1341–1342. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.3151
  • Ricci F, Izzicupo P, Moscucci F, et al. Recommendations for physical inactivity and sedentary behavior during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Front Public Health. 2020;8:article 199. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.00199
  • Liu XJ, Mesch GS. The adopt of preventive behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic in China and Israel. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(19):article 7170. doi:10.3390/ijerph17197170
  • Biddlestone M, Green R, Douglas KM. Cultural orientation, power, belief in conspiracy theories, and intentions to reduce the spread of COVID-19. Br J Soc Psychol. 2020;59:663–673. doi:10.1111/bjso.12397
  • Chen X, Chen H. Differences in preventive behaviors of COVID-19 between urban and rural residents: lessons learned from a cross-sectional study in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(12):article 4437. doi:10.3390/ijerph17124437
  • Meier K, Glatz T, Guijt MC, et al. Public perspective on protective measures during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands, Germany and Italy: a survey study. PLoS One. 2020;15(8):article e0236917. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0236917
  • McFadden SM, Malik AA, Aguolu OG, Willebrand KS, Omer SB. Perceptions of the adult US population regarding the novel coronavirus outbreak. PLoS One. 2020;15(4):article e0231808. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0231808
  • Kwok KO, Li KK, Chan HH, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 among Chinese residents during the early phase of the COVID-19 epidemic in Hong Kong: risk perception, information exposure and preventive measures. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020;26:1575–1579. doi:10.3201/eid2607.200500
  • Helsingen LM, Refsum E, Gjøstein DK, et al. The COVID-19 pandemic in Norway and Sweden – threats, trust, and impact on daily life: a comparative survey. BMC Public Health. 2020;20:article 1597. doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09615-3
  • Bandura A. Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control. New York: Freeman; 1997.
  • Storopoli J, de Silva Neto WLB, Mesch GS. Confidence in social institutions, perceived vulnerability and the adoption of recommended protective behaviors in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. Soc Sci Med. 2020;265:113477. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113477
  • Shao W, Hao F. Confidence in political leaders can slant risk perceptions of COVID-19 in a highly polarized environment. Soc Sci Med. 2020;261:article 113235. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113235
  • Bashirian S, Jenabi E, Khazaei S, et al. Factors associated with preventive behaviours of COVID-19 among hospital staff in Iran in 2020: an application of the protection motivation theory. J Hosp Infect. 2020;105(3):430–433. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2020.04.035
  • Nga TWY, Cowling BJ, ChiSo H, Ip DKM, Liao Q. Testing an integrative theory of health behavioral change for predicting seasonal influenza vaccination uptake among healthcare workers. Vaccine. 2020;38(3):690–698. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.10.041
  • Li J, Zheng H. Online information seeking and disease prevention intent during COVID-19 outbreak. J Mass Commun Q. 2020.
  • Ellis EM, Ferrer RA, Klein WM. Factors beyond lack of knowledge that predict “I don’t know” responses to surveys that assess HPV knowledge. J Health Commun. 2018;23:967–976. doi:10.1080/10810730.2018.1554729
  • Shahzad F, Du J, Khan I, et al. Perceived threat of COVID-19 contagion and frontline paramedics’ agonistic behaviour: employing a stressor-strain-outcome perspective. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(14):article 5102. doi:10.3390/ijerph17145102
  • Achar C, Agrawal N, Hsieh MH. Fear of detection and efficacy of prevention: using construal level to encourage health behaviors. J Mark Res. 2020;57(3):582–598. doi:10.1177/0022243720912443
  • Ort A, Fahr A. Using efficacy cues in persuasive health communication is more effective than employing threats: an experimental study of a vaccination intervention against Ebola. Br J Health Psychol. 2018;23(3):665–684. doi:10.1111/bjhp.12310
  • Smith SW, Rosenman K, Kotowski MR, et al. Using the EPPM to create and evaluate the effectiveness of brochures to increase the use of hearing protection in farmers and landscape works. J Appl Commun Res. 2008;36:200–218. doi:10.1080/00909880801922862
  • Kotowski MR, Smith SW, Johnstone PM, Pritt E. Using the EPPM to create and evaluate the effectiveness of brochures to reduce the risk for noise-induced hearing loss in college students. Noise Health. 2011;13:261–271. doi:10.4103/1463-1741.82958
  • Holahan CK, Suzuki R. Motivational factors in health promoting behavior in later aging. Act Adapt Aging. 2006;30(1):47–60.
  • Levy BR, Myers LM. Preventive health behaviors influenced by self-perceptions of aging. Prev Med. 2004;39:625–629. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.02.029
  • Ek S. Gender differences in health information behaviour: a Finnish population-based survey. Health Promot Int. 2015;30(3):736–745. doi:10.1093/heapro/dat063
  • Hayashi H, Tan ASL, Kawachi I, et al. Interpersonal diffusion of health information: health information mavenism among people age 65 and over in Japan. Health Commun. 2019;35(7):804–814. doi:10.1080/10410236.2019.1593078
  • Blank ML, Connor J, Gray A, Tustin K. Alcohol use, mental well-being, self-esteem and general self-efficacy among final-year university students. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2016;51:431–441. doi:10.1007/s00127-016-1183-x
  • Kavussanu M, Harnisch DL. Self-esteem in children: do goal orientations matter? Br J Educ Psychol. 2000;70:229–242. doi:10.1348/000709900158074
  • Tran HN, Beck JG. Are peritraumatic perceptions of fear/life threat and posttraumatic negative self-conscious appraisals/emotions differentially associated with PTSD symptoms? Cogn Ther Res. 2019;43:272–283. doi:10.1007/s10608-018-9903-z
  • van der Heijden A, Mulder BC, Poortvliet PM, van Vliet AJH. Social-cognitive determinants of tick check: a cross-sectional study on self-protective behavior in combating Lyme disease. BMC Public Health. 2017;17(1):article 900. doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4908-1
  • Danielsson M, Bengtsson H. Global self-esteem and the processing of positive information about the self. Pers Individ Differ. 2016;99:325–330. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.014
  • Costa LC, Maher CG, McAuley JH, Hancock MJ, Smeets RJ. Self-efficacy is more important than fear of movement in mediating the relationship between pain and disability in chronic low back pain. Eur J Pain. 2011;15:213–219.
  • LINE Corporation. A report of big data about LINE users’ characteristics in Taiwan. 2019; Available from: https://linecorp.com/zh-hant/. Accessed January 12, 2021.
  • Altmann T, Roth M. The Self-esteem Stability Scale (SESS) for cross-sectional direct assessment of self-esteem stability. Front Psychol. 2018;9:article 91. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00091
  • Gerend M, Aiken L, West S. Personality factors in older women’s perceived susceptibility to diseases of aging. J Personal. 2004;72(2):243–270. doi:10.1111/j.0022-3506.2004.00262.x
  • Cooper DP, Goldenberg JL, Arndt J. Examining the terror management health model: the interactive effect of conscious death thought and health-coping variables on decisions in potentially fatal health domains. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2010;36(7):937–946. doi:10.1177/0146167210370694
  • Ingrid MM, Michael AK. Effectively using death in health messages: social loss versus physical mortality salience. J Consum Behav. 2019;18(3):205–218. doi:10.1002/cb.1758
  • Hair JF, Ringle CM, Sarstedt M. PLS-SEM: indeed a silver bullet. J Mark Theory Pract. 2011;19(2):139–151. doi:10.2753/MTP1069-6679190202
  • Anderson JC, Gerbing DW. Structural equation modeling in practice: a review and recommended two-step approach. Psychol Bull. 1988;103(3):411–423. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411
  • Nunnally JC. Psychometric Theory. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1978.
  • Fornell C, Larcker DF. Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. J Mark Res. 1981;18(1):39–50. doi:10.1177/002224378101800104
  • Bentler PM, Bonett DG. Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychol Bull. 1980;88(3):588–606. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.88.3.588
  • Correia Loureiro SM, Kaufmann HR, Rabino S. Intentions to use and recommend to others: an empirical study of online banking practices in Portugal and Austria. Online Inf Rev. 2014;38(2):186–208. doi:10.1108/OIR-01-2012-0100
  • Steinhart Y, Jiang Y. Securing the future: threat to self-image spurs financial saving intention. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2019;117:741–751. doi:10.1037/pspa0000159
  • Yu X. Risk interactions of coronavirus infection across age groups after the peak of COVID-19 epidemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(14):article 5246. doi:10.3390/ijerph17145246
  • Yu Y, Zhou W, Liu Z-W, Hu M, Tan Z-H, Xiao S-Y. Gender differences in caregiving among a schizophrenia population. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2019;12:7–13. doi:10.2147/PRBM.S187975
  • Twenge JM, Campbell WK. Self-esteem and socioeconomic status: a meta-analytic review. Pers Soc Psychol Rev. 2020;6(1):59–71. doi:10.1207/S15327957PSPR0601_3
  • Greenberg J, Pyszczynski T, Solomon S. The causes and consequences of a need for self-esteem: a terror management theory. In: Baumeister RF, editor. Public Self and Private Self. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 1986:189–212.
  • Park HJ, Lin LM. The effects of match-ups on the consumer attitudes toward internet celebrities and their live streaming contents in the context of product endorsement. J Retail Consum Serv. 2020;52:101934. doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.101934
  • Pfattheicher S, Nockur L, Böhm R, Sassenrach C, Petersen MB. The emotional path to action: empathy promotes physical distancing and wearing of face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychol Sci. 2020;31:1363–1373. doi:10.1177/0956797620964422
  • Lunn PD, Timmons S, Julienne H, et al. Using decision aids to support self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychol Health. 2020;1–19. doi:10.1080/08870446.2020.1849701