399
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Research

Mental Health Outcomes and Mental Hygiene in the COVID-19 Era: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Healthcare Workers from a Regional Hospital in Ghana

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 21-30 | Published online: 06 Jan 2022

References

  • World Health Organization. Basic documents, forty ninth edition; 1946. Available from: https://apps.who.int/gb/bd/pdf_files/BD_49th-en.pdf#page=7. Accessed September 20, 2020.
  • World Health Organization. Promoting Mental Health: Concepts, Emerging Evidence, Practice (Summary Report). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2004.
  • Galderisi S, Heinz A, Kastrup M, Beezhold J, Sartorius N. Toward a new definition of mental health. World Psychiatry. 2015;14(2):231–233. doi:10.1002/wps.20231
  • Vaillant GE. Positive mental health: is there a cross-cultural definition? World Psychiatry. 2012;11(2):93–99. doi:10.1016/j.wpsyc.2012.05.006
  • Lotha G. Mental Hygiene. Encyclopædia Britannica; 2020. Available from: https://www.britannica.com/science/mental-hygiene. Accessed November 6, 2020.
  • Rudragoudar PA, Kalayarasan G. Improving mental health through principles of mental hygiene. Edutracks. 2018;18(2):12–15.
  • Rossi R, Socci V, Paciti F, et al. Mental health outcomes among frontline and second-line health care worker during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Italy. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(5):e2010185. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.10185
  • World Health Organization. Global Health Observatory data repository; 2018. Available from: www.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A1444. Accessed September 14, 2020.
  • Ghana Health Service. The health sector in Ghana, Facts and Figures; 2017.
  • Ghana Shared Growth and Development Agenda (GSGDA). Annual progress report. National Development Planning Commission (NDPC); 2017.
  • Yarney L, Buabeng T, Baidoo D, Bawole JN. Operationalization of the Ghanaian patients’ charter in a peri-urban public hospital: voices of healthcare workers and patients. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2016;5(9):525–533. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2016.42
  • Nurses, midwives’ strike leaves patients stranded Available from: https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/nurses-midwives-strike-leaves-patients-strnded.html. Accessed September 23, 2020.
  • Fink-Miller EL, Nestler LM. Suicide in physicians and veterinarians: risk factors and theories. Curr Opin Psychol. 2018;22:23–26. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.07.019
  • Kim M-S, Kim T, Lee D, et al. Mental disorders among workers in the healthcare industry: 2014 national health insurance data. Ann Occup Environ Med. 2018;30(1):31. doi:10.1186/s40557-018-0244-x
  • West CP, Dyrbye LN, Shanafelt TD. Physician burnout: contributors, consequences and solutions. J Intern Med. 2018;283(6):516–529. doi:10.1111/joim.12752
  • Chan JF, Lau SK, To KK, et al. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: another zoonotic betacoronavirus causing SARS-like disease. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2015;28(2):465–522. doi:10.1128/CMR.00102-14
  • Cheng VC, Lau SK, Woo PC, et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus as an agent of emerging and reemerging infection. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2007;20(4):660–694. doi:10.1128/CMR.00023-07
  • Wu P, Fang Y, Guan Z, et al. The psychological impact of the SARS epidemic on hospital employees in China: exposure, risk perception, and altruistic acceptance of risk. Can J Psychiatry. 2009;54(5):302–311. doi:10.1177/070674370905400504
  • Chong MY, Wang WC, Hsieh WC, et al. Psychological impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome on health workers in a tertiary hospital. Br J Psychiatry. 2004;185(2):127–133. doi:10.1192/bjp.185.2.127
  • Kang L, Ma S, Chen M, et al. Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: a cross-sectional study. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;87:11–17. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.028
  • Zhang W-R, Wang K, Yin L, et al. Mental health and psychosocial problems of medical health workers during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Psychother Psychosom. 2020:1–9. doi:10.1159/000507639.
  • Ihudiebube-Splendor CN, Chikeme PC. A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study: practical and Feasible Design in Investigating Health Care – Seeking Behaviours of Undergraduate. SAGE; 2020. doi:10.4135/9781529742862
  • Ahorsu DK, Lin CY, Imani V, Saffari M, Griffiths, MD, Pakpour AH. The fear of COVID-19 scale: development and initial validation. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2020;1–9. doi:10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8
  • Steer RA, Rissmiller DJ, Beck AT. Use of the Beck Depression Inventory with depressed geriatric patients. Behav Res Ther. 2000;38(3):311–318. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00068-6
  • Beck AT, Steer RA, Garbin MG. Psychometric properties of the beck depression inventory: twenty-five years of evaluation. Clin Psychol Rev. 1988;8(1):77–100. doi:10.1016/0272-7358(88)90050-5
  • Groth-Marnat G. The Handbook of Psychological Assessment. 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1990.
  • Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene R, Vagg PR, Jacobs GA. Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press; 1983.
  • Zsido AN, Telekia SA, Csokasia K, Rozsab S, Bandia SA. Development of the short version of the spielberger state—trait anxiety inventory. Psychiatry Res. 2020;291:113223. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113223
  • Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein RA. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav. 1983;24(4):385–396. doi:10.2307/2136404
  • Cohen S, Williamson G. Perceived Stress in a Probability Sample of the United States. In: Spacapan S, Oskamp S, editors. The Social Psychology of Health. The Claremont Symposium on Applied Social Psychology. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, publications; 1988.
  • Horikawa M, Yagi A. The relationships among trait anxiety, state anxiety and the goal performance of penalty shoot-out by university soccer players. PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e35727. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035727
  • Leal PC, Goes TC, da Silva LCF, Teixeira-Silva F. Trait vs. state anxiety in different threatening situations. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2017;39(3):147–157. doi:10.1590/2237-6089-2016-0044
  • Ji D, Ji Y-J, Duan X-Z, et al. Prevalence of psychological symptoms among Ebola survivors and healthcare workers during the 2014-2015 Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone: a cross-sectional study. Oncotarget. 2017;8(8):12784. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.14498
  • Liang Y, Chen M, Zheng X, Liu J. Screening for Chinese medical staff mental health by SDS and SAS during the outbreak of COVID-19. J Psychosom Res. 2020;133:110102. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110102
  • Mo Y, Deng L, Zhang L, et al. Work stress among Chinese nurses to supportWuhan for fighting against the COVID-19 epidemic. J Nurs Manag. 2020;28(5):1002–1009. doi:10.1111/jonm.13014
  • Xiao H, Zhang Y, Kong D, Li S, Yang N. The effects of social support on sleep quality of medical staff treating patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in January and February 2020 in China. Med Sci Monit. 2020;26:e923549. doi:10.12659/msm.923549
  • Dai Y, Hu G, Xiong H, Qiu H, Yuan X. Psychological impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak on healthcare workers in China. MedRxiv. 2020. doi:10.1101/2020.03.03.20030874
  • Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, et al. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(3):e203976. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976
  • Zhu Z, Xu S, Wang H, et al. COVID-19 in Wuhan: immediate psychological impact on 5062 health workers. MedRxiv. 2020. doi:10.1101/2020.02.20.20025338
  • World Health Organization. Mental health considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak; 2020. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/documents/managing-mental-health-health-workers-during-covid-19-pandemic. Accessed February 8, 2021.
  • COVID-19 updates Ghana. Available from: https://www.ghs.gov.gh/covid19/. Accessed October 28, 2021.