High Social Capital is Associated with Decreased Mental Health Problem Among In-School Adolescents in Eastern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

References

• UNICEF. The adolescent brain: a second window of opportunity. Florence: UNICEF Office of Research; 2021. Available from: https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/933-the-adolescent-brain-a-second-window-of-opportunity-a-compendium.html. Accessed March 3, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Global Accelerated Action for the Health of Adolescents (‎ AA-HA!)‎: Guidance to Support Country Implementation. World Health Organization; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Saxena S. Excess mortality among people with mental disorders: a public health priority. Lancet Public Health. 2018;3(6):e264–e265. doi:10.1016/S2468-2667(18)30099-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler RC, Avenevoli S, Costello EJ, et al. Prevalence, persistence, and sociodemographic correlates of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2012;69(4):372–380. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.160
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vos T, Barber RM, Bell B, et al. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. lancet. 2015;386(9995):743–800.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Social determinants of mental health. World Health Organization; 2014. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/112828. Accessed February 25, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• WHO. Adolescent mental health; 2018. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescent-mental-health. Accessed July 3, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Kessler RC, Angermeyer M, Anthony JC, et al. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of mental disorders in the World Health Organization’s World Mental Health Survey Initiative. World Psychiatry. 2007;6(3):168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Adolescent mental health; 2019. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescent-mental-health. Accessed February 25, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Cortina MA, Sodha A, Fazel M, Ramchandani PG. Prevalence of child mental health problems in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2012;166(3):276–281. doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.592
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ministry of Health of Ethiopia. National Adolescent and Youth Health Strategy (2016–2020) Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Health of Ethiopia; 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health. National Mental Health Strategy 2012/13–2015/2016. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Health; 2012.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Adolescent and young adult health; 2021. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescents-health-risks-and-solutions. Accessed February 25, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Oluwaseyi SD, Fotso AS. The effect of family and neighbourhood social capital on youth mental health in South Africa. J Adolesc. 2020;83:22–26. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.06.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wüstner A, Otto C, Schlack R, Hölling H, Klasen F, Ravens-Sieberer U. Risk and protective factors for the development of ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents: results of the longitudinal BELLA study. PLoS One. 2019;14(3):e0214412. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0214412
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang GS, Hoyte C. Common substances of abuse. Pediatr Rev. 2018;39(8):403–414. doi:10.1542/pir.2017-0267
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamis DA, Dvorak RD. Mindfulness, nonattachment, and suicide rumination in college students: the mediating role of depressive symptoms. Mindfulness. 2014;5(5):487–496. doi:10.1007/s12671-013-0203-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang S, Xu H, Zhang S, et al. Linking childhood maltreatment and psychological symptoms: the role of social support, coping styles, and self-esteem in adolescents. J Interpers Violence. 2020;37:0886260520918571.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams DR, Priest N, Anderson N. Understanding associations between race, socioeconomic status, and health: patterns and prospects. In: The Social Medicine Reader. Vol. II. Third ed. Duke University Press; 2019:258–267.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Calouste gulbenkian foundation. In: Social Determinants of Mental Health. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Mohnen SM, Groenewegen PP, Völker B, Flap H. Neighborhood social capital and individual health. Soc Sci Med. 2011;72(5):660–667. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.12.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li C, Jiang S, Fang X. Effects of multi-dimensional social capital on mental health of children in poverty: an empirical study in Mainland China. J Health Psychol. 2017;25:1359105317737608.
   Google Scholar
• Coll‐Planas L, Del Valle Gómez G, Bonilla P, Masat T, Puig T, Monteserin R. Promoting social capital to alleviate loneliness and improve health among older people in S pain. Health Soc Care Community. 2017;25(1):145–157. doi:10.1111/hsc.12284
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Addae EA. The mediating role of social capital in the relationship between socioeconomic status and adolescent wellbeing: evidence from Ghana. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1–11. doi:10.1186/s12889-019-8142-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Clercq B, Vyncke V, Hublet A, et al. Social capital and social inequality in adolescents’ health in 601 Flemish communities: a multilevel analysis. Soc Sci Med. 2012;74(2):202–210. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.10.025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ge T. Effect of socioeconomic status on children’s psychological well-being in China: the mediating role of family social capital. J Health Psychol. 2020;25(8):1118–1127. doi:10.1177/1359105317750462
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiell A, Hawe P, Kavanagh S. Evidence suggests a need to rethink social capital and social capital interventions. Soc Sci Med. 2018;257:111930.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan A, Svedberg P, Nyholm M, Nygren J. Advancing knowledge on social capital for young people’s mental health. Health Promot Int. 2021;36(2):535–547. doi:10.1093/heapro/daaa055
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agampodi TC, Agampodi SB, Glozier N, Siribaddana SJ. Measurement of social capital in relation to health in low and middle income countries (LMIC): a systematic review. medicine. 2015;128:95–104.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothon C, Goodwin L, Stansfeld SJ. Family social support, community “social capital” and adolescents’ mental health and educational outcomes: a longitudinal study in England. Epidemiology. 2012;47(5):697–709.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grosso A. Social support as a predictor of HIV testing in at-risk populations: a research note. J Health Hum Serv Adm. 2010;33:53–62.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morgan A, Haglund BJ. Social capital does matter for adolescent health: evidence from the English HBSC study. Health Promot Int. 2009;24(4):363–372. doi:10.1093/heapro/dap028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan AR, Rivera F, Moreno C, Haglund BJ. Does social capital travel? Influences on the life satisfaction of young people living in England and Spain. BMC Public Health. 2012;12(1):1–12. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-138
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Novak D, Emeljanovas A, Mieziene B, Štefan L, Kawachi I. How different contexts of social capital are associated with self-rated health among Lithuanian high-school students. Glob Health Action. 2018;11(1):1477470. doi:10.1080/16549716.2018.1477470
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jonsson KR, Busfield J, Södergren M, Karen M, Adjei NK. Social capital, deprivation and psychological well-being among young adolescents: a multilevel study from England and Wales. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(10):3420. doi:10.3390/ijerph17103420
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLaren L, Hawe P. Ecological perspectives in health research. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2005;59(1):6–14. doi:10.1136/jech.2003.018044
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drukker M, Buka SL, Kaplan C, McKenzie K, Van Os J. Social capital and young adolescents’ perceived health in different sociocultural settings. Soc Sci Med. 2005;61(1):185–198. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.11.041
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Islam MK, Merlo J, Kawachi I, Lindström M, Gerdtham U-G. Social capital and health: does egalitarianism matter? A literature review. Int J Equity Health. 2006;5(1):1–28. doi:10.1186/1475-9276-5-3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kola L, Kohrt BA, Hanlon C, et al. COVID-19 mental health impact and responses in low-income and middle-income countries: reimagining global mental health. Lancet Psychiatry. 2021;8:535–550. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00025-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zekaria A. Harari basketry through the eyes of Amina Ismael Sherif. Ethiopia: Traditions of Creativity. Michigan State University Museum East Lansing; 1999:47–63.
   Google Scholar
• Ahmed WM. History of Harar and the Hararis. Harar, Harari People Regional State Culture, Heritage and Tourism Bureau; 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Maass R, Kloeckner CA, Lindstrøm B, Lillefjell M. The impact of neighborhood social capital on life satisfaction and self-rated health: a possible pathway for health promotion? Health Place. 2016;42:120–128. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.09.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Central Statistical Authority (CSA). The 2007 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia: “Statistical Report for Harari Region” for the Census; Population and Housing Census of 2007. Centeral Statistical Agency-Ministry of Finance and Economic Development; 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Harari Bureau of Finance and Economic Development. Baseline data of Harari region (Harar, 2010). 2010.
   Google Scholar
• INDEPTH Network. Harar urban HDSS INDEPTH core dataset 2012–2016 (Release 2018). Version: v1. Dataset; 2018. Available from: https://doi.org/10.7796/INDEPTH.ET042.CMD2016.v1. Accessed February 25, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Novak D, Kawachi I. Influence of different domains of social capital on psychological distress among Croatian high school students. Int J Ment Health Syst. 2015;9(1):18. doi:10.1186/s13033-015-0010-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meltzer H, Gatward R, Goodman R, Ford T. Mental health of children and adolescents in Great Britain. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2003;15(1–2):185–187. doi:10.1080/0954026021000046155
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodman R, Meltzer H, Bailey V. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: a pilot study on the validity of the self-report version. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1998;7(3):125–130. doi:10.1007/s007870050057
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyer NR, Miller S, Connolly P, McIntosh E. Paving the way for the use of the SDQ in economic evaluations of school-based population health interventions: an empirical analysis of the external validity of SDQ mapping algorithms to the CHU9D in an educational setting. Qual Life Res. 2016;25(4):913–923. doi:10.1007/s11136-015-1218-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Information for researchers and professionals about the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Available from: http://www.sdqinfo.com/. Accessed September 18, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Paiva PCP, Paiva HN, Oliveira Filho PM, et al. Development and validation of a social capital questionnaire for adolescent students (SCQ-AS). PLoS One. 2014;9(8):e103785. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103785
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajão SD, Zarzar PM, Ferreira RC, Ferreira EFE. The social capital among adolescent students of a Brazilian municipality. Cien Saude Colet. 2019;24:4061–4070. doi:10.1590/1413-812320182411.14052017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Central Statistical Agency (CSA) [Ethiopia] and ICF. Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and Rockville, Maryland, USA: CSA and ICF; 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Donnelly L, McLanahan S, Brooks-Gunn J, et al. Cohesive neighborhoods where social expectations are shared may have positive impact on adolescent mental health. Health Aff. 2016;35(11):2083–2091. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2016.0721
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kingsbury M, Clayborne Z, Colman I, Kirkbride JB. The protective effect of neighbourhood social cohesion on adolescent mental health following stressful life events. Psychol Med. 2020;50(8):1292–1299. doi:10.1017/S0033291719001235
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chola L, Alaba O. Association of neighbourhood and individual social capital, neighbourhood economic deprivation and self-rated health in South Africa–a multi-level analysis. PLoS One. 2013;8(7):e71085. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071085
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musalia J. Social capital and health in Kenya: a multilevel analysis. Soc Sci Med. 2016;167:11–19. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.08.043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourdieu P, Richardson JG. Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education. Greenwood Press New York; 1986.
   Google Scholar
• Silk JS, Sessa FM, Sheffield Morris A, Steinberg L, Avenevoli S. Neighborhood cohesion as a buffer against hostile maternal parenting. J Fam Psychol. 2004;18(1):135. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.18.1.135
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kliewer W, Cunningham JN, Diehl R, et al. Violence exposure and adjustment in inner-city youth: child and caregiver emotion regulation skill, caregiver–child relationship quality, and neighborhood cohesion as protective factor. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2004;33(3):477–487. doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3303_5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burton RFS. First Footsteps in East Africa. Good Press; 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Shetler JB, Yehualashet D. Building a “City of Peace” through Intercommunal Association Muslim-Christian Relations in Harar, Ethiopia, 1887–2009. J Religion Conflict Peace. 2010;4(1):3.
   Google Scholar
• Saeri AK, Cruwys T, Barlow FK, Stronge S, Sibley CG. Social connectedness improves public mental health: investigating bidirectional relationships in the New Zealand attitudes and values survey. Austral NZ J Psychiatry. 2018;52(4):365–374. doi:10.1177/0004867417723990
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Novak D, Popovic S, Emeljanovas A, Mieziene B, Kristicevic T, Popovic S. Are family, neighbourhood and school social capital associated with psychological distress among Lithuanian high-school students? A cross-sectional study. Int J Sport Manag Recreat Tour. 2016;23:75–89.
   Google Scholar
• Mohammadi MR, Badrfam R, Zandifar A, et al. Social capital of parents of children and adolescents and its relation to psychiatric disorders; a population-based study. Community Ment Health J. 2022;2022:1–11.
   Google Scholar
• Uslaner EM. The Moral Foundations of Trust. Cambridge University Press; 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Uslaner EM. The foundations of trust: macro and micro. Cambridge J Econ. 2007;32(2):289–294. doi:10.1093/cje/bem039
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhattacharyya S, Davis J, Vogl T, et al. Enhancing Autonomy with Trusted Cognitive Modeling. Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International; 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Morrow V. Young people’s explanations and experiences of social exclusion: retrieving Bourdieu’s concept of social capital. Int J Sociol Soc Policy. 2001;21:37–63. doi:10.1108/01443330110789439
   Google Scholar
• Pei F, Wang Y, Wu Q, McCarthy KS, Wu S. The roles of neighborhood social cohesion, peer substance use, and adolescent depression in adolescent substance use. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2020;112:104931. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.104931
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill EM, Griffiths FE, House T. Spreading of healthy mood in adolescent social networks. Proc Royal Soc B. 2015;282(1813):20151180. doi:10.1098/rspb.2015.1180
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van der Horst M, Coffé H. How friendship network characteristics influence subjective well-being. Soc Indic Res. 2012;107(3):509–529. doi:10.1007/s11205-011-9861-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar