453
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ORIGINAL RESEARCH

College Graduates’ Negative Life Experiences, Coping Strategies and Enlightenment During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study in China

ORCID Icon, , &
Pages 1811-1829 | Received 02 Feb 2023, Accepted 22 Apr 2023, Published online: 16 May 2023

References

  • Zheng M, Asif M, Tufail MS, et al. COVID academic pandemic: techno stress faced by teaching staff for online academic activities. Front Psychol. 2022;13:895371. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.895371
  • Tanhan A, Yavuz KF, Young JS, et al. A proposed framework based on literature review of online contextual mental health services to enhance wellbeing and address psychopathology during COVID-19. Electron J Gen Med. 2020;17(6):em254. doi:10.29333/ejgm/8316
  • Ostacoli L, Cosma S, Bevilacqua F, et al. Psychosocial factors associated with postpartum psychological distress during the Covid-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020;20(1):703. doi:10.1186/s12884-020-03399-5
  • Arslan G, Coşkun M. Coronavirus-related stressors, resilient mindset, loneliness, depressive symptoms in college students: testing a moderated mediation model. Psychol Rep. 2022;003329412211397. doi:10.1177/00332941221139721
  • Kumar R, Singh A, Mishra R, et al. Review study on the trends of psychological challenges, coping ways, and public support during the COVID-19 pandemic in the vulnerable populations in the United States. Front Psychiatry. 2022;13:920581. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.920581
  • Li HY, Cao H, Leung DYP, Mak YW. The psychological impacts of a COVID-19 outbreak on college students in China: a longitudinal study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(11):3933. doi:10.3390/ijerph17113933
  • Qiu J, Shen B, Zhao M, Wang Z, Xie B, Xu Y. A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations. Gen Psychiatr. 2020;33(2):e100213. doi:10.1136/gpsych-2020-100213
  • Li Y, Zhao J, Ma Z, McReynolds LS, et al. Mental health among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic in China: a 2-wave longitudinal survey. J Affect Disord. 2021;281:597–604. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.109
  • Wang X, Hegde S, Son C, Keller B, Smith A, Sasangohar F. Investigating mental health of US college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: cross-sectional survey study. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(9):e22817. doi:10.2196/22817
  • Park DS. The invisible university is COVID-19 positive. Trends Genet. 2020;36(8):543–544. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2020.05.010
  • Chen T, Rong J, Peng L, Yang J, Cong G, Fang J. Analysis of social effects on employment promotion policies for college graduates based on data mining for online use review in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare. 2021;9(7):846. doi:10.3390/healthcare9070846
  • Giusti L, Salza A, Mammarella S, Bianco D, Ussorio D, et al. Everything will be fine. duration of home confinement and “all-or-nothing” cognitive thinking style as predictors of traumatic distress in young university students on a digital platform during the COVID-19 Italian lockdown. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:574812. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.574812
  • Vagni M, Maiorano T, Giostra V, Pajardi D, Bartone P. Emergency stress, hardiness, coping strategies and burnout in health care and emergency response workers during the COVID- 19 pandemic. Front Psychol. 2022;13:918788. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.918788
  • Suedfeld P, Pennebaker JW. Health outcomes and cognitive aspects of recalled negative life events. Psychosom Med. 1997;59(2):172–177. doi:10.1097/00006842-199703000-00009
  • Haavet OR, Straand J, Saugstad OD, Grünfeld B. Illness and exposure to negative life experiences in adolescence: two sides of the same coin? A study of 15-year-olds in Oslo, Norway. Acta Paediatr. 2010;93:1.
  • Kessler RC, McLaughlin KA, Green JG, Gruber MJ, et al. Childhood adversities and adult psychopathology in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. Br J Psychiatry. 2010;197(5):378–385. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.110.080499
  • Wickrama KA, Lee TK, O’Neal CW . Stressful life experiences in adolescence and cardiometabolic risk factors in young adulthood. J Adolesc Health. 2015;56:456–463. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.12.009
  • Hou WK, Liu H, Liang L, et al. Everyday life experiences and mental health among conflict-affected forced migrants: a meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2020;264:50–68. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.165
  • Mozid NE. Association between psychological distress and coping strategies among students engaged in online learning. PLoS One. 2022;17(7):e0270877. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0270877
  • Glenn CR, Kleiman EM, Kellerman J, et al. Annual research review: a meta analytic review of worldwide suicide rates in adolescents. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2020;61(3):294–308. doi:10.1111/jcpp.13106
  • Pan J, Zhou M, Zhang L, et al. Suicide mortality analysis in adolescents aged 10–24 years in Hubei. Dis Surveill. 2021;36(10):1086–1091.
  • Heffer T, Willoughby T. A count of coping strategies: a longitudinal study investigating an alternative method to understanding coping and adjustment. PLoS One. 2017;12(10):e0186057. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0186057
  • Puhl R, Brownell KD. Ways of coping with obesity stigma: review and conceptual analysis. Eat Behav. 2003;4(1):53–78. doi:10.1016/S1471-0153(02)00096-X
  • Mattson E, James L, Engdahl B. Personality factors and their impact on PTSD and post-traumatic growth is mediated by coping style among OIF/OEF veterans. Mil Med. 2018;183(9–10):e475–e80. doi:10.1093/milmed/usx201
  • Gamrowska A, Steuden S. Coping with the events of daily life and quality of life of the socially active elderly. Health Psychol Rep. 2014;2(2):23–31. doi:10.5114/hpr.2014.43919
  • Ertz M, Tandon U, Yao Quenum GG, Salem M, Sun S. Consumers’ coping strategies when they feel negative emotions in the face of forced deconsumption during the Covid-19 pandemic lockdowns. Front Psychol. 2022;13:1018290. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1018290
  • Lazarus RS, Folkman S. Stress, Appraisal, and Coping. New York, NY: Springer; 1984.
  • Nicchi S, Le Scanff C. Les stratégies de faire face [Coping strategies]. Bull Psychol. 2005;475:97–100. doi:10.3917/bupsy.475.0097
  • Kirchner T, Magallón-Neri E, Forns M, et al. Facing interpersonal violence: identifying the coping profle of poly-victimized resilient adolescents. J Interpers Violence. 2020;35(9–10):1934–1957. doi:10.1177/0886260517700617
  • Finlay JM, Kler JS, O’Shea BQ, Eastman MR, Vinson YR, Kobayashi LC. Coping during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study of older adults across the United States. Front Public Health. 2021;9:643807. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.643807
  • Kato T. Development of the coping flexibility scale: evidence for the coping flexibility hypothesis. J Couns Psychol. 2012;59(2):262–273. doi:10.1037/a0027770
  • Yang F, Sun J, Li J, Lyu S. Coping strategies, stigmatizing attitude, and cyberbullying among Chinese college students during the COVID-19 lockdown. Curr Psychol. 2022;20:1–9.
  • Glück J, Bluck S, Weststrate NM. More on the MORE life experience model: what we have learned (so far). J Value Inq. 2019;53(3):349–370. doi:10.1007/s10790-018-9661-x
  • Chen S, Bonanno GA. Psychological adjustment during the global outbreak of COVID-19: a resilience perspective. Psychol Trauma. 2020;12(S1):S51–S54. doi:10.1037/tra0000685
  • Stanisławski K. The coping circumplex model: an integrative model of the structure of coping with stress. Front Psychol. 2019;10(694):pmid:31040802. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00694
  • Lazarus RFS. Stress, Appraisal, and Coping. New York, NY: Springer; 2003.
  • Mahmoud JSR, Staten R, Hall LA, Lennie TA. The relationship among young adult college students’ depression, anxiety, stress, demographics, life satisfaction, and coping styles. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2012;33:149–156. doi:10.3109/01612840.2011.632708
  • Kobasa SC. Commitment and coping in stress resistance among lawyers. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1982;42:707–717. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.42.4.707
  • Huang Y, SU X, Si M, et al. The impacts of coping style and perceived social support on the mental health of undergraduate students during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic in China: a multicenter survey. BMC Psychiatry. 2021;21:530. doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03546-y
  • Moustakas C. Phenomenological Research Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 1994.
  • Kallio H, Pietila AM, Johnson M, Kangasniemi M. Systematic methodological review: developing a framework for a qualitative semi-structured interview guide. J Adv Nurs. 2016;72(12):2954–2965. doi:10.1111/jan.13031
  • Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2006;3:77–101. doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Chapman AL, Hadfield M, Chapman CJ. Qualitative research in healthcare: an introduction to grounded theory using thematic analysis. J R Coll Physicians Edinb. 2015;45:201e5. doi:10.4997/jrcpe.2015.305
  • Tong A, Sainsbury P, Craig J. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. Int J Qual Health Care. 2007;19:349–357. doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzm042
  • Olson JGH. An ecological risk/protective factor approach to understanding depressive symptoms in adolescents. J Extension. 2010;48:1–10.
  • VanLeeuwen JA, Waltner-Toews D, Abernathy T, Smit B . Evolving models of human health toward an ecosystem context. Ecosyst Health. 1999;5:204–219. doi:10.1046/j.1526-0992.1999.09931.x
  • McLeroy KR, Bibeau D, Steckler A, Glanz K. An ecological perspective on health promotion programs. Health Educ Q. 1988;15:351–377. doi:10.1177/109019818801500401
  • Castillo EG, Ijadi-Maghsoodi R, Shadravan S, et al. Community interventions to promote mental health and social equity. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2019;21(5):35. doi:10.1007/s11920-019-1017-0
  • Lin X, Leung K. Differing effects of coping strategies on mental health during prolonged unemployment: a longitudinal analysis. Hum Relat. 2010;63(5):637–665. doi:10.1177/0018726709342930
  • Gao J, Kong D, Kong G. Who secures job opportunities in the Chinese government? Evidence based on the first jobs of graduates from a Chinese college. Pacific Econ Rev. 2019;24(3):447–463. doi:10.1111/1468-0106.12216
  • Ren X. The employment and countermeasures solutions of college graduates. 3rd International Conference on Education and Social Development (Icesd 2017); 2017:889–891.
  • Wu M, Hao X, Tian Y. Employment management policies for college graduates under COVID-19 in China: diffusion characteristics and core issues. Healthcare. 2022;10(5):955. doi:10.3390/healthcare10050955
  • Dong Z. The effects of career adaptability on employment status of college graduates. Proceedings of 2017 International Symposium - Quality Education For Teenagers; 2017:459–464.
  • Shpakou A, Naumau IA, Krestyaninova TY, et al. Physical activity, life satisfaction, stress perception and coping strategies of university students in Belarus during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19:8629. doi:10.3390/ijerph19148629
  • Main A, Zhou Q, Ma Y, et al. Relations of SARS-related stressors and coping to Chinese college students’ psychological adjustment during the 2003 Beijing SARS epidemic. J Couns Psychol. 2011;58(3):410. doi:10.1037/a0023632
  • Agbaria Q, Mokh AA. Coping with stress during the COVID-19 outbreak: the contribution of self-control skills and religiosity in Arab Israeli-Palestinian students in Israel. J Relig Health. 2022;19:1–19.
  • Ungar M, Liebenberg L, Boothroyd R, Kwong WM, et al. The study of youth resilience across cultures: lessons from a pilot study of measurement development. Res Hum Dev. 2008;5:166–180. doi:10.1080/15427600802274019
  • Ukwenya VO, Fuwape TA, Ilesanmi OS. COVID-19 health literacy, coping strategies and perception of COVID-19 containment measures among community members in a southwestern state in Nigeria. Germs. 2021;11:478–497. doi:10.18683/germs.2021.1284
  • Nath SD, Jamshed KM, Shaikh JM. The impact of the COVID pandemic on subsistence consumers’ well‐being and coping strategies: insights from India and Bangladesh. J Consum Aff. 2022;2022:56.
  • Özyer Y. Experiences of patients in turkey with breast cancer throughout the COVID-19 pandemic and their coping mechanisms: a qualitative study. J Relig Health. 2022;27:1–19.
  • Kavanagh BE, O'Donohue JS, Ashton MM, Lotfaliany M, et al. Coping with COVID-19: exploring coping strategies, distress, and post-traumatic growth during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. Front Psychiatry. 2022;13:1025767. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1025767
  • Flesia L, Monaro M, Mazza C, Fietta V, Colicino E, Segatto B, Roma P. Predicting perceived stress related to the Covid-1 9 outbreak through stable psychological traits and machine learning models. J Clin Med. 2020;9(10):3350. doi:10.3390/jcm9103350
  • Gurvich C, Thomas N, Thomas EH, Hudaib AR, et al. Coping styles and mental health in response to societal changes during the COVID19 pandemic. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2020;67:540–549. doi:10.1177/0020764020961790
  • Morris MC, Evans LD, Rao U, Garber J. Executive function moderates the relation between coping and depressive symptoms. Anxiety Stress Coping. 2015;28(1):31–49. doi:10.1080/10615806.2014.925545
  • Rahmani F, Ranjbar F, Hosseinzadeh M, Razavi SS, Dickens GL, Vahidi M. Coping strategies of family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia in Iran: a cross-sectional survey. Int J Nurs Sci. 2019;6:148–153. doi:10.1016/j.ijnss.2019.03.006
  • Huang J, Liu Q, Li J, Li X, et al. Post-traumatic stress disorder status in a rescue group after the Wenchuan earthquake relief. Neural Regen Res. 2013;8:1898–1906. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.20.009
  • Vanzhula IA, Sala M, Christian C, et al. Avoidance coping during mealtimes predicts higher eating disorder symptoms. Int J Eat Disord. 2020;53(4):625–630. doi:10.1002/eat.23254
  • Linley PA, Joseph S. Positive change following trauma and adversity: a review. J Trauma Stress. 2004;17(1):11–21. doi:10.1023/B:JOTS.0000014671.27856.7e
  • Frazier P, Conlon A, Glaser T. Positive and negative life changes following sexual assault. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2001;69:1048–1055. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.69.6.1048
  • Pals JL. Narrative identity processing of difficult life experiences: pathways of personality development and positive self-transformation in adulthood. J Pers. 2006;74:1080–1109. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2006.00403.x
  • Tedeschi RG, Calhoun LG. TARGET ARTICLE: posttraumatic growth: conceptual foundations and empirical evidence. Psychol Inq. 2004;15(1):1–18. doi:10.1207/s15327965pli1501_01
  • Baird AM, Parayitam S. Employers’ ratings of importance of skills and competencies college graduates need to get hired. Educ Train. 2019;61(5):622–634. doi:10.1108/ET-12-2018-0250