Sustaining the Earth: Unraveling the Synergy of Workplace Spirituality, Responsible Leadership, and Pro-Environmental Behavior in Pakistan’s SMEs

References

• Fatoki O. Hotel employees’ pro-environmental behaviour: effect of leadership behaviour, institutional support and workplace spirituality. Sustainability. 2019;11(15):4135. doi:10.3390/su11154135
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park SJ, Choi S, Kim EJ. The relationships between socio-demographic variables and concerns about environmental sustainability. Corporate Social Respons Environ Manage. 2012;19(6):343–354. doi:10.1002/csr.284
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian Q, Robertson JL. How and when does perceived CSR affect employees’ engagement in voluntary pro-environmental behavior? J Business Ethics. 2019;155(2):399–412. doi:10.1007/s10551-017-3497-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boiral O, Talbot D, Paillé P. Leading by example: a model of organizational citizenship behavior for the environment. Business Strategy Environ. 2015;24(6):532–550. doi:10.1002/bse.1835
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robertson JL, Carleton E. Uncovering how and when environmental leadership affects employees’ voluntary pro-environmental behavior. J Leadership Org Studies. 2018;25(2):197–210. doi:10.1177/1548051817738940
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim A, Kim Y, Han K, Jackson SE, Ployhart RE. Multilevel influences on voluntary workplace green behavior: individual differences, leader behavior, and coworker advocacy. J Manage. 2017;43(5):1335–1358. doi:10.1177/0149206314547386
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graves LM, Sarkis J, Zhu Q. How transformational leadership and employee motivation combine to predict employee proenvironmental behaviors in China. J Environ Psychol. 2013;35:81–91. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2013.05.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Afsar B, Cheema S, Javed F. Activating employee’s pro-environmental behaviors: the role of CSR, organizational identification, and environmentally specific servant leadership. Corporate Social Respons Environ Manage. 2018;25(5):904–911. doi:10.1002/csr.1506
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah SHA, Al-Ghazali BM, Bhatti S, et al. The Impact of Perceived CSR on Employees’ Pro-Environmental Behaviors: the Mediating Effects of Environmental Consciousness and Environmental Commitment. Sustainability. 2023;15(5):4350. doi:10.3390/su15054350
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Afsar B, Maqsoom A, Shahjehan A, Afridi SA, Nawaz A, Fazliani H. Responsible leadership and employee’s proenvironmental behavior: the role of organizational commitment, green shared vision, and internal environmental locus of control. Corporate Social Respons Environ Manage. 2020;27(1):297–312. doi:10.1002/csr.1806
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah K, Halder S, Haider SS. Assessment of knowledge, perception, and awareness about self-medication practices among university students in Nepal. Heliyon. 2021;7(1):e05976. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05976
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rezapouraghdam H, Alipour H, Darvishmotevali M. Employee workplace spirituality and pro-environmental behavior in the hotel industry. J Sustainable Tourism. 2018;26(5):740–758. doi:10.1080/09669582.2017.1409229
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Ghazali BM, Gelaidan HM, Shah SHA, Amjad R. Green transformational leadership and green creativity? The mediating role of green thinking and green organizational identity in SMEs. Front Psychol. 2022;13:977998. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.977998
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Utami NMS, Sapta IKS, Verawati Y, Astakoni IMP. Relationship between workplace spirituality, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior. J Asian Finance Econ Business. 2021;8(1):507–517.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petchsawang P, Duchon D. Measuring workplace spirituality in an Asian context. Human Resource Dev Int. 2009;12(4):459–468. doi:10.1080/13678860903135912
   Google Scholar
• Schutte PJW. Workplace spirituality: a tool or a trend?: original research. Theological Studies. 2016;72(4):1–5. doi:10.4102/hts.v72i4.3294
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyd NM, Nowell B. Psychological sense of community: a new construct for the field of management. J Manage Inquiry. 2014;23(2):107–122. doi:10.1177/1056492613491433
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Afsar B, Badir Y, Kiani US. Linking spiritual leadership and employee pro-environmental behavior: the influence of workplace spirituality, intrinsic motivation, and environmental passion. J Environ Psychol. 2016;45:79–88. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.11.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IQAir. Air Quality and Pollution City Ranking. World Air Quality; 2021. Available from: https://www.iqair.com/world-air-quality-ranking. Accessed August 3, 2023.
   Google Scholar
• Djakasaputra A, Wijaya O, Utama A, Yohana C, Romadhoni B, Fahlevi M. Empirical study of Indonesian SMEs sales performance in digital era: the role of quality service and digital marketing. Int J Data Network Sci. 2021;5(3):303–310.
   Google Scholar
• Bai Y, Song S, Jiao J, Yang R. The impacts of government R&D subsidies on green innovation: evidence from Chinese energy-intensive firms. J Clean Prod. 2019;233:819–829. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.06.107
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Awan FH, Dunnan L, Jamil K, Gul RF. Stimulating environmental performance via green human resource management, green transformational leadership, and green innovation: a mediation-moderation model. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2023;30(2):2958–2976. doi:10.1007/s11356-022-22424-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maskuroh N, Widyanty W, Nurhidajat R, Wardhana I, Fahlevi M. Green human resource management and green supply Chain Management on Sustainable performance of nickel mining companies in Indonesia. Uncertain Supply Chain Manage. 2023;11(1):203–212. doi:10.5267/j.uscm.2022.10.006
   Google Scholar
• Pless NM, Maak T. Responsible leadership: pathways to the future. In: Pless NM, Maak T editors. Responsible Leadership. Springer Netherlands; 2012:3–13. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-3995-6_2
   Google Scholar
• Maak T, Pless NM. Responsible leadership in a stakeholder society – a relational perspective. J Bus Ethics. 2006;66(1):99–115. doi:10.1007/s10551-006-9047-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao H, Zhou Q. Exploring the impact of responsible leadership on organizational citizenship behavior for the environment: a leadership identity perspective. Sustainability. 2019;11(4):944. doi:10.3390/su11040944
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paillé P, Boiral O. Pro-environmental behavior at work: construct validity and determinants. J Environ Psychol. 2013;36:118–128. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2013.07.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blok V, Wesselink R, Studynka O, Kemp R. Encouraging sustainability in the workplace: a survey on the pro-environmental behaviour of university employees. J Clean Prod. 2015;106:55–67. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.07.063
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choong YO, Ng LP, Tee CW, Kuar LS, Teoh SY, Chen IC. Green work climate and pro-environmental behaviour among academics: the mediating role of harmonious environmental passion. Int J Manage Studies. 2019;26(2):77–97. doi:10.32890/ijms.26.2.2019.10520
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandura A. Social Foundations of Thought and Action. Englewood Cliffs; 1986.
   Google Scholar
• Blau PM. Justice in Social Exchange. Sociol Inq. 1964;34(2):193–206. doi:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1964.tb00583.x
   Google Scholar
• Zhou S, Lee P. Spirituality in the context of teams and organizations: an investigation of boundary conditions using the integration profile workplace spirituality measure. J Manage Spirituality Religion. 2023;20(1):1–26. doi:10.51327/AELL2802
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kazemipour F, Mohamad Amin S, Pourseidi B. Relationship between workplace spirituality and organizational citizenship behavior among nurses through mediation of affective organizational commitment. J Nursing Scholarship. 2012;44(3):302–310. doi:10.1111/j.1547-5069.2012.01456.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Mahdy YFH, Emam M, Hassan T. Workplace spirituality and organizational citizenship behavior among teachers in Bahrain: commitment as a mediator. J Beliefs Values. 2022;43(3):301–319. doi:10.1080/13617672.2021.1957601
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramaswamy M, Viswanathan R, Kaniyarkuzhi BK, Neeliyadath S. The moderating role of resonant leadership and workplace spirituality on the relationship between psychological distress and organizational commitment. Int J Human Resource Manage. 2023;34(4):855–877. doi:10.1080/09585192.2022.2143273
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haque A, Fernando M, Caputi P. How is responsible leadership related to the three-component model of organisational commitment? Int J Productivity Performance Manage. 2020;70(5):1137–1161. doi:10.1108/IJPPM-10-2019-0486
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nie Q, Peng J, Yu G. Leader expectations facilitate employee pro-environmental behavior. Business Ethics Environ Respons. 2023;32(2):555–569. doi:10.1111/beer.12500
   Google Scholar
• Allen NJ, Meyer JP. Affective, Continuance, and Normative Commitment to the Organization: an Examination of Construct Validity. J Vocat Behav. 1996;49(3):252–276. doi:10.1006/jvbe.1996.0043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardner TM, Wright PM, Moynihan LM. The Impact of Motivation, Empowerment, and Skill-Enhancing Practices on Aggregate Voluntary Turnover: the Mediating Effect of Collective Affective Commitment. Pers Psychol. 2011;64(2):315–350. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2011.01212.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sulastini WTC, Rajiani I. Workplace Spirituality as an Alternative Model for Promoting Commitment to Change and Change-Oriented Organisational Citizenship Behaviour. Admin Sci. 2023;13(3):86. doi:10.3390/admsci13030086
   Google Scholar
• Rego A, Pina E, Cunha M. Workplace spirituality and organizational commitment: an empirical study. J Org Change Manage. 2008;21(1):53–75. doi:10.1108/09534810810847039
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Djafri F, Noordin K. The impact of workplace spirituality on organizational commitment: a case study of Takaful agents in Malaysia. Humanomics. 2017;33(3):384–396. doi:10.1108/H-02-2017-0018
   Google Scholar
• Vandenberghe C. Workplace spirituality and organizational commitment: an integrative model. J Manage Spirituality Religion. 2011;8(3):211–232. doi:10.1080/14766086.2011.599146
   Google Scholar
• Meyer JP, Allen NJ. A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Manage Rev. 1991;1(1):61–89. doi:10.1016/1053-4822(91)90011-Z
   Google Scholar
• Mowday RT, Steers RM, Porter LW. The measurement of organizational commitment. J Vocat Behav. 1979;14(2):224–247. doi:10.1016/0001-8791(79)90072-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feldman DC. Affective organizational commitment and citizenship behavior: linear and non-linear moderating effects of organizational tenure. J Vocat Behav. 2011;79(2):528–537. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2011.03.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valentine S, Barnett T. Ethics code awareness, perceived ethical values, and organizational commitment. J Personal Selling Sales Manage. 2003;23(4):359–367. doi:10.1080/08853134.2003.10749009
   Google Scholar
• Howell A, Kirk-Brown A, Cooper BK. Does congruence between espoused and enacted organizational values predict affective commitment in Australian organizations? Int J Human Resource Manage. 2012;23(4):731–747. doi:10.1080/09585192.2011.561251
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaudhary A, Islam T, Ali HF, Jamil S. Can paternalistic leaders enhance knowledge sharing? The roles of organizational commitment and Islamic work ethics. Global Know Memory Commun. 2021;72(1/2):98–118. doi:10.1108/GKMC-06-2021-0109
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rafiq N, Shah SHA, Sajjad S, Alyafei SAS. The role of psychological empowerment and job satisfaction on turnover intentions directly and indirectly through affective commitment on registered nurses in healthcare industry of twin cities (Islamabad and Rawalpindi) of Pakistan. Int J Eng Technol. 2020;9:314–325.
   Google Scholar
• Khan MI, Shah SHA, Haider A, Aziz S, Kazmi M. The role of supervisor support on work-family conflict and employee turnover intentions in the workplace with mediating effect of affective commitment in twin cities in the banking industry, Pakistan. Int Rev Manage Marketing. 2020;10(6):42.
   Google Scholar
• Demircioglu MA. Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance. Organizational innovation. 2016. 1–5.
   Google Scholar
• Almohtasb AA, Aldehayyat JS, Alaodat HM. The impact of responsible leadership on affective commitment: an empirical evidence from SMEs. Acad Strateg Manag J. 2021;20(1):1–22.
   Google Scholar
• Koburtay T, Jamali D, Aljafari A. Religion, spirituality, and well-being: a systematic literature review and futuristic agenda. Business Ethics Environ Respons. 2023;32(1):341–357. doi:10.1111/beer.12478
   Google Scholar
• Yang F, Gao L. Corporate environmental responsibility and employees’ pro-environmental behaviors at work: insights from organizational identification and workplace spirituality perspective. J Environ Planning Manage. 2023;66(2):400–423. doi:10.1080/09640568.2021.1989673
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmitt AJ, Hayburn A, Pardej SK, et al. Fostering socially responsive evaluation in health service psychology. Prof Psychol Res Pr. 2023;54:28–38. doi:10.1037/pro0000482
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelemen TK, Matthews SH, Matthews MJ, Henry SE. Humble leadership: a review and synthesis of leader expressed humility. J Organ Behav. 2023;44(2):202–224. doi:10.1002/job.2608
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang F, Li J, Hua Y. How and when does humble leadership enhance newcomer well-being. Personnel Rev. 2022;52(1):26–41. doi:10.1108/PR-01-2021-0019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madi Odeh RBS, Obeidat BY, Jaradat MO, Masa’deh R, Alshurideh MT. The transformational leadership role in achieving organizational resilience through adaptive cultures: the case of Dubai service sector. Int J Productivity Performance Manage. 2021;72(2):440–468. doi:10.1108/IJPPM-02-2021-0093
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Indrawan I, Evanirosa AR. Develop model of transactional, transformational, democratic and authocratic leadership style for Indonesian school performance in education 4.0 era. Syst Rev Pharm. 2020;11(9):409–419. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.58
   Google Scholar
• Supriadi O, Musthan Z, Sa’odah S, et al. Did transformational, transactional leadership style and organizational learning influence innovation capabilities of school teachers during covid-19 pandemic? Sys Rev Pharm. 2020;11(9). doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.47
   Google Scholar
• Fahlevi M, Aljuaid M, Saniuk S. Leadership Style and Hospital Performance: empirical Evidence From Indonesia. Front Psychol. 2022;13(911640):1–14. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.911640
   Google Scholar
• Mousa M. Responsible leadership and organizational commitment among physicians: can inclusive diversity climate enhance the relationship? J Intercultural Manage. 2017;9(2):103–141.
   Google Scholar
• Mousa R, Pinsker R. A case study of XBRL implementation and development at the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). Qualitative Res Accounting Manag. 2020:567.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiming D, Burnett J. Energy use and management in hotels in Hong Kong. Int J Hospitality Manage. 2002;21(4):371–380. doi:10.1016/S0278-4319(02)00016-6
   Google Scholar
• Chan ESW, Hon AHY, Chan W, Okumus F. What drives employees’ intentions to implement green practices in hotels? The role of knowledge, awareness, concern and ecological behaviour. Int J Hospitality Manage. 2014;40:20–28. doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2014.03.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luu TT. CSR and organizational citizenship behavior for the environment in hotel industry. Int J Contemporary Hospitality Manage. 2017;29(11):2867–2900. doi:10.1108/IJCHM-02-2016-0080
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hameed WU, Nisar QA, Wu HC. Relationships between external knowledge, internal innovation, firms’ open innovation performance, service innovation and business performance in the Pakistani hotel industry. Int J Hospitality Manage. 2021;92:102745. doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102745
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AlKahtani N, Iqbal S, Sohail M, et al. Impact of employee empowerment on organizational commitment through job satisfaction in four and five stars hotel industry. Manage Sci Lett. 2021;11(3):813–822.
   Google Scholar
• Usman M, Ali M, Ogbonnaya C, Babalola MT. Fueling the intrapreneurial spirit: a closer look at how spiritual leadership motivates employee intrapreneurial behaviors. Tourism Manage. 2021;83:104227. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104227
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen GW, Attoh PA, Gong T. Transformational leadership and affective organizational commitment: mediating roles of perceived social responsibility and organizational identification. Social Respons J. 2017;13(3):585–600. doi:10.1108/SRJ-11-2016-0193
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zientara P, Zamojska A. Green organizational climates and employee pro-environmental behaviour in the hotel industry. J Sustainable Tourism. 2018;26(7):1142–1159. doi:10.1080/09669582.2016.1206554
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zibarras LD, Coan P. HRM practices used to promote pro-environmental behavior: a UK survey. Int J Human Resource Manage. 2015;26(16):2121–2142. doi:10.1080/09585192.2014.972429
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greaves M, Zibarras LD, Stride C. Using the theory of planned behavior to explore environmental behavioral intentions in the workplace. J Environ Psychol. 2013;34:109–120. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2013.02.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elshaer IA, Azazz AM, Fayyad S. Green management and sustainable performance of small-and medium-sized hospitality businesses: moderating the role of an employee’s pro-environmental behaviour. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(3):2244.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tajfel HE. Differentiation Between Social Groups: Studies in the Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations. Academic Press; 1978.
   Google Scholar
• Ellemers N, Spears R, Doosje B. Sticking together or falling apart: in-group identification as a psychological determinant of group commitment versus individual mobility. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1997;72:617–626. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.72.3.617
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan RM, Deci EL. Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. Am Psychol. 2000;55:68–78. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elshaer IA, Azazz AM, Fayyad S. Green human resources and innovative performance in small-and medium-sized tourism enterprises: a mediation model using PLS-SEM data analysis. Mathematics. 2023;11(3):711.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ardito L, Dangelico RM. Firm environmental performance under scrutiny: the role of strategic and organizational orientations. Corporate Social Respons Environ Manage. 2018;25(4):426–440. doi:10.1002/csr.1470
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saeed BB, Afsar B, Hafeez S, Khan I, Tahir M, Afridi MA. Promoting employee’s proenvironmental behavior through green human resource management practices. Corporate Social Respons Environ Manage. 2019;26(2):424–438. doi:10.1002/csr.1694
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norton TA, Parker SL, Zacher H, Ashkanasy NM. Employee green behavior: a theoretical framework, multilevel review, and future research agenda. Organ Environ. 2015;28(1):103–125. doi:10.1177/1086026615575773
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kollmuss A, Agyeman J. Mind the Gap: why do people act environmentally and what are the barriers to pro-environmental behavior? Environ Educ Res. 2002;8(3):239–260. doi:10.1080/13504620220145401
   Google Scholar
• Duchon D, Plowman DA. Nurturing the spirit at work: impact on work unit performance. Leadersh Q. 2005;16(5):807–833. doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.07.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kellert SR. Building for Life: Designing and Understanding the Human-Nature Connection. Island press; 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Wierzbicki J, Zawadzka AM. The Effects of the activation of money and credit card vs. that of activation of spirituality – which one prompts pro-social behaviours? Curr Psychol. 2016;35(3):344–353. doi:10.1007/s12144-014-9299-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fairholm GW. Spiritual leadership: fulfilling whole‐self needs at work. Leader Org Dev J. 1996;17(5):11–17. doi:10.1108/01437739610127469
   Google Scholar
• Fry LW. Toward a theory of spiritual leadership. Leadersh Q. 2003;14(6):693–727. doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2003.09.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chalofsky N, Krishna V. Meaningfulness, commitment, and engagement: the intersection of a deeper level of intrinsic motivation. Adv Dev Human Resources. 2009;11(2):189–203.
   Google Scholar
• Latif A, Aziz S. Workplace spirituality and pro-environmental behavior: the role of employee engagement and environmental awareness. Global J Manage Business Res. 2018;18(A5):43–54.
   Google Scholar
• Wu Q, Cherian J, Samad S, et al. The Role of CSR and Ethical Leadership to Shape Employees’ Pro-Environmental Behavior in the Era of Industry 4.0. A Case of the Banking Sector. Sustainability. 2021;13(17):9773. doi:10.3390/su13179773
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vila-Vázquez G, Castro-Casal C, Carballo-Penela A. Employees’ CSR attributions and pro-environmental behaviors in the hotel industry: the key role of female supervisors. Service Industries J. 2023;43(1–2):24–42. doi:10.1080/02642069.2022.2041604
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian H, Suo D. The trickle-down effect of responsible leadership on employees’ pro-environmental behaviors: evidence from the hotel industry in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(21):11677. doi:10.3390/ijerph182111677
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang SYB, Li MW, Lee YS. Why do medium-sized technology farms adopt environmental innovation? The mediating role of pro-environmental behaviors. Horticulturae. 2021;7(9):318. doi:10.3390/horticulturae7090318
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schein EH. The role of the founder in creating organizational culture. Family Business Rev. 1995;8(3):221–238. doi:10.1111/j.1741-6248.1995.00221.x
   Google Scholar
• Yen YX, Yen SY. Top-management’s role in adopting green purchasing standards in high-tech industrial firms. J Bus Res. 2012;65(7):951–959. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.05.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marhaeni IN, Jermsittiparsert K, Sudarmo V, et al. Adoption of the green economy through branchless rural credit banks during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia. Sustainability. 2023;15(3):2723. doi:10.3390/su15032723
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang S, Huang W, Gao Y, Ansett S, Xu S. Can socially responsible leaders drive Chinese firm performance? Leader Org Dev J. 2015;36(4):435–450. doi:10.1108/LODJ-01-2014-0006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doh JP, Stumpf SA, Tymon WG. Responsible Leadership Helps Retain Talent in India. In: Pless NM, Maak T editors. Responsible Leadership. Springer Netherlands; 2012:85–100. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-3995-6_8
   Google Scholar
• Miska C, Hilbe C, Mayer S. Reconciling Different Views on Responsible Leadership: a Rationality-Based Approach. J Business Ethics. 2014;125(2):349–360. doi:10.1007/s10551-013-1923-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stead JG, Stead WE. Building spiritual capabilities to sustain sustainability-based competitive advantages. J Manage Spirituality Religion. 2014;11(2):143–158. doi:10.1080/14766086.2013.832359
   Google Scholar
• Nash M, Stewart B. Spirituality and Social Care: Contributing to Personal and Community Well-Being. Jessica Kingsley Publishers; 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Csutora M, Zsóka Á. May spirituality lead to reduced ecological footprint? Conceptual framework and empirical analysis. World Rev Entrepreneurship Manage Sustainable Dev. 2014;10(1):88–105. doi:10.1504/WREMSD.2014.058056
   Google Scholar
• Devece C, Palacios-Marqués D, Pilar Alguacil M. Organizational commitment and its effects on organizational citizenship behavior in a high-unemployment environment. J Bus Res. 2016;69(5):1857–1861. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.10.069
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paillé P, Boiral O, Chen Y. Linking environmental management practices and organizational citizenship behaviour for the environment: a social exchange perspective. Int J Human Resource Manage. 2013;24(18):3552–3575. doi:10.1080/09585192.2013.777934
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chawla V, Guda S. Individual spirituality at work and its relationship with job satisfaction, propensity to leave and job commitment: an exploratory study among sales professionals. J Human Values. 2010;16(2):157–167.
   Google Scholar
• Garg N. Workplace spirituality and organizational performance in Indian context: mediating effect of organizational commitment, work motivation and employee engagement. South Asian J Human Resources Manage. 2017;4(2):191–211. doi:10.1177/2322093717736134
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doh JP, Quigley NR. Responsible Leadership and Stakeholder Management: influence Pathways and Organizational Outcomes. AMP. 2014;28(3):255–274. doi:10.5465/amp.2014.0013
   Google Scholar
• Mousa M, Puhakka V. Inspiring organizational commitment: responsible leadership and organizational inclusion in the Egyptian health care sector. J Manage Dev. 2019;38(3):208–224. doi:10.1108/JMD-11-2018-0338
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellemers N, De Gilder D, Haslam SA. Motivating individuals and groups at work: a social identity perspective on leadership and group performance. AMR. 2004;29(3):459–478. doi:10.5465/amr.2004.13670967
   Google Scholar
• Bhutta MKS, Khan JH, Omar A, Asad U. An exploratory study of the characteristics affecting the success of SMEs in Pakistan. Int J Entrepreneurship Small Business. 2009;7(1):107–122. doi:10.1504/IJESB.2009.021612
   Google Scholar
• Krejcie RV, Morgan DW. Determining sample size for research activities. Educ Psychol Meas. 1970;30(3):607–610. doi:10.1177/001316447003000308
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robertson JL, Barling J. Greening organizations through leaders’ influence on employees’ pro-environmental behaviors. J Organ Behav. 2013;34(2):176–194. doi:10.1002/job.1820
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milliman J, Czaplewski AJ, Ferguson J. Workplace spirituality and employee work attitudes. J Org Change Manage. 2003;16(4):426–447. doi:10.1108/09534810310484172
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voegtlin C. Development of a Scale Measuring Discursive Responsible Leadership. In: Pless NM, Maak T editors. Responsible Leadership. Springer Netherlands; 2012:57–73. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-3995-6_6
   Google Scholar
• Meyer JP, Allen NJ, Smith CA. Commitment to organizations and occupations: extension and test of a three-component conceptualization. J Appl Psychol. 1993;78:538–551. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.78.4.538
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hair J, Black W, Babin B, Anderson R. Multivariate Data Analysis: a Global Perspective. Multivariate Data Analysis: A Global Perspective. 2010.
   Google Scholar