856
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Undergraduates’ Negative Emotion and Academic Procrastination During COVID-19: Life Autonomy as a Mediator and Sense of School Belonging as a Moderator

, , & ORCID Icon
Pages 3151-3169 | Received 14 Apr 2023, Accepted 30 Jul 2023, Published online: 10 Aug 2023

References

  • Utunen NN, Piroux C, George R, Attias M, Gamhewage G, Gamhewage G. Global reach of an online COVID-19 course in multiple languages on open WHO in the first quarter of 2020: analysis of platform use data. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(4):e19076. doi:10.2196/19076
  • Ereth MH, Fine J, Stamatatos F, Mathew B, Hess D, Simpser E. Healthcare-associated infection impact with bioaerosol treatment and covid-19 mitigation measures. J Hosp Infect. 2021;116:69–77. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2021.07.006
  • Becker SP, Breaux R, Cusick CN, Dvorsky MR, Marsh NP, Sciberras E. Remote learning during COVID-19: examining school practices, service continuation, and difficulties for adolescents with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Adolesc Health. 2020;67(6):769–777. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.09.002
  • Chen TL, Lucock M. The mental health of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: an online survey in the UK. PLoS One. 2022;17(1):e0262562. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0262562
  • Prowse RS, Frances A, Alfonso G, et al. Coping with the COVID-19 pandemic: examining gender differences in stress and mental health among university students. Front Psychiatry. 2021;12:650759. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.650759
  • Hai Y. Problems and countermeasures of college students’ mental health education under the background of epidemic situation. Qual Mark. 2020;12(3):1.
  • Dai W, Meng G, Zheng Y, et al. The impact of intolerance of uncertainty on negative emotions in COVID-19: mediation by pandemic-focused time and moderation by perceived efficacy. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(8):4189. doi:10.3390/ijerph18084189
  • Turner AI, Smyth N, Hall SJ, et al. Psychological stress reactivity and future health and disease outcomes: a systematic review of prospective evidence. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2020;114:104599. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104599
  • Chang J, Yuan Y, Wang D. Mental health status and its influencing factors among college students during the epidemic of COVID-19. J Southern Med Univ. 2020;40(2):171–176. doi:10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.02.06
  • Rasskazova EI, Leontiev DA, Lebedeva AA. Pandemic as a challenge to subjective well-being: anxiety and coping. Couns Psychol Psychother. 2020;2020:90–108.
  • Qu R, Ding N, Li H, et al. The mediating role of general academic emotions in burnout and procrastination among Chinese medical undergraduates during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. Front Public Health. 2022;2022:10.
  • Song L, Chen J, Lei W, Liu K. Gender differences and correlation of emotional state, emotional regulation strategies and procrastination among medical college students and comprehensive college students. Occup Health. 2020;36(15):2101–2107.
  • Yu X, Du T. Effect of meaning in life on academic procrastination of teenagers: self-control and time management tendency as Chain mediator. China J Health Psychol. 2023;31(1):1.
  • Schnell T, Krampe H. Meaning in life and self-control buffer stress in times of COVID-19: moderating and mediating effects with regard to mental distress. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:983. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.582352
  • Kim E-A, H-j H. Mediating effect of grit in the relationship between body image and health promotion lifestyle of nursing students. J Korean Soc Sch Comm Health Educ. 2021;22(3):29–39. doi:10.35133/kssche.20210831.03
  • Xu Z. Empirical research and enlightenment on middle school students’ sense of school belonging-analysis of student data in four provinces and cities in china based on PISA 2018. Educ Measure Eval. 2020;239(12):41–47.
  • Song-Ah PS-H H. Narrative on middle school teachers’ experience of student autonomy guidance. Comprehen Educ Res. 2020;18(2):63–88.
  • Aker S, Şahin MK. The relationship between school burnout, sense of school belonging and academic achievement in preclinical medical students. Adv Health Sci Educ. 2022;27:1–15. doi:10.1007/s10459-022-10106-w
  • JaeGeol N. Preliminary study for setting up the concept of ‘autonomy in life’. Korea L Adm Rev. 2018;32(3):3–34.
  • Yuan W, Ma L, Chen J, Lei W. Influence of school belonging on higher vocational students’ internet addiction: chain mediating role of positive psychological quality and subjective well-being. J Bio Educ. 2021;9(04):296–302.
  • Svartdal FD, Tove I, Thor GK, Koppenborg M, Katrin B. How study environments foster academic procrastination: overview and recommendations. Front Psychol. 2020;10:3005. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03005
  • Lee LH, Lee H. Negative urgency mediates the relation between negative emotion and smartphone addiction. Stress. 2019;27(4):396–403. doi:10.17547/kjsr.2019.27.4.396
  • Yap AU, Lee DZR, Marpaung C. Negative affectivity and emotions in youths with temporomandibular disorders across cultures. Cranio®; 2022:1–9.
  • Santomauro DF, Whiteford HA, Ferrari AJ. Depression and anxiety during COVID-19–authors’ reply. Lancet. 2022;399(10324):518–519. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02800-2
  • Feng F, Wang C, Wang Y, Hu S. Investigation on the status of depression and anxiety among medical college students. J Hebei Med Univ. 2018;39(06):636–639+644.
  • Meng Y, Liu N, Zhu M, Liu W, Wu L. Mental health status of college students under regular prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic. Acad J Second Mil Med. 2020;41(09):958–965.
  • Li Y, Ru T, Li S, Chen H, Xie S, Zhou G. Effects of ambient light on mood and its mechanism. Adv Psychol Sci. 2022;30(2):389. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2022.00389
  • Lovibond PF, Lovibond SH. The structure of negative emotional states: comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the beck depression and anxiety inventories. Behav Res Ther. 1995;33(3):335–343. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-U
  • Paskaleva-Yankova A. Interpersonal and intersubjective alienation in social stigmatization and depression. Psychopathology. 2022;55(3):201–210. doi:10.1159/000519253
  • Dirzyte A, Vijaikis A, Perminas A, Rimasiute-Knabikiene R. Associations between depression, anxiety, fatigue, and learning motivating factors in e-learning-based computer programming education. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(17):9158. doi:10.3390/ijerph18179158
  • Wang D, Zhao J, Ross B, et al. Longitudinal trajectories of depression and anxiety among adolescents during COVID-19 lockdown in China. J Affect Disord. 2022;299(628–635):628–635. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.086
  • Liu Y, Liu Z, Duan H, Chen G, Liu W. The influence of insecure attachment on academic procrastination: the mediating role of perfectionism and rumination. Psychology. 2022;10(07):407–414.
  • Solomon LJ, Rothblum ED. Academic procrastination: frequency and cognitive-behavioral correlates. J Couns Psychol. 1984;31(4):503. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.31.4.503
  • Meng G, Liu C. Research on the association between personal academic information organization behavior and academic procrastination of college students. Libr Inf Sci Res. 2021;65(22):85–95.
  • Steel P. The nature of procrastination: a meta-analytic and theoretical review of quintessential self-regulatory failure. Psychol Bull. 2007;133(1):65. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.65
  • Becker TB, Fenton JI, Nikolai M, et al. The impact of COVID-19 on student learning during the transition from remote to in-person learning: using mind mapping to identify and address faculty concerns. Adv Physiol Educ. 2022;46(4):742–751. doi:10.1152/advan.00079.2022
  • Jang JK. Patterns of English learning motivation, dismotivation and anxiety in Korean elementary school students: focusing on grade, region, and level. Stud Learn Center Sub Educ. 2018;18(22):893–916.
  • Shim ES. The difference between negative emotions and self-defeating behavior according to the perfectionism type of college students. Couns Stud. 2018;19(1):289–308.
  • Yang Z, Asbury K, Griffiths MD. An exploration of problematic smartphone use among Chinese university students: associations with academic anxiety, academic procrastination, self-regulation and subjective wellbeing. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2019;17:596–614. doi:10.1007/s11469-018-9961-1
  • Jong-gun HJ-y K. The mediating effect of GRIT in the relationship between depression and procrastination (academic, general). Learn Centere Curric Teach Res. 2021;21(3):1187–1211.
  • Deng Y, Ye B, Yang Q. COVID-19 related emotional stress and bedtime procrastination among college students in China: a moderated mediation model. Nat Sci Sleep. 2022;Volume 14:1437–1447. doi:10.2147/NSS.S371292
  • Li C. A survey on the status quo of life attitude of junior high school students. J Educ Dev. 2020;693(11):40–47.
  • Song K. The practical research of permeating life education in primary school Chinese teaching. Learn Weekly. 2021;488(32):185–186.
  • Mathiesen AS, Rothmann MJ, Zoffmann V, et al. Self-determination theory interventions versus usual care in people with diabetes: a protocol for a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. Syst Rev. 2021;10(1):1–13. doi:10.1186/s13643-020-01566-5
  • Choe Y-W, Kim M-K. Could self-control and emotion influence physical ability and functional recovery after stroke? Medicina. 2021;57(10):1042. doi:10.3390/medicina57101042
  • J-b L, Yang A, Dou K, Cheung RY. Self-control moderates the association between perceived severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and mental health problems among the Chinese public. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(13):4820. doi:10.3390/ijerph17134820
  • Ma C, Yan X. Research progress in psychological stress expression and prevention and control strategy of COVID-19. J Jilin Univ. 2020;46:1–6.
  • Choi S, Myung S-Y. Exploration of negative emotions on school violence issue of elementary school teachers and their meaning as job trauma. Korean J Elem Couns. 2022;21(1):87–114. doi:10.28972/kjec.2022.21.1.87
  • Pelikan ER, Korlat S, Reiter J, et al. Distance learning in higher education during COVID-19: the role of basic psychological needs and intrinsic motivation for persistence and procrastination–a multi-country study. PLoS One. 2021;16(10):e0257346. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0257346
  • Town R, Hayes D, Fonagy P, Stapley E. A qualitative investigation of LGBTQ+ young people’s experiences and perceptions of self-managing their mental health. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2022;31(9):1441–1454. doi:10.1007/s00787-021-01783-w
  • Shim M-S, Kim S, Choi M, Choi JY, Park CG, Kim GS. Developing an app-based self-management program for people living with HIV: a randomized controlled pilot study during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):19401. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-19238-w
  • Albursan IS, Al. Qudah MF, Al-Barashdi HS, et al. Smartphone addiction among university students in light of the COVID-19 pandemic: prevalence, relationship to academic procrastination, quality of life, gender and educational stage. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(16):10439. doi:10.3390/ijerph191610439
  • Wang S. The Relationship Between College Students’ Sense of Life Meaning and Academic Procrastination: the Mediating Role of Self-Control and the Moderating Role of Proactive Personality [Master’s thesis]. Shenyang Normal University; 2021.
  • Fernie BA, Kopar UY, Fisher PL, Spada MM. Further development and testing of the metacognitive model of procrastination: self-reported academic performance. J Affect Disord. 2018;240:1–5. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.07.018
  • Jiao H, Guo J. Effect of life meaning on college students’ academic procrastination and depression: the modulatory mediating effect. J Jinggangshan Univ. 2020;41(01):102–106.
  • Maslow AH. A theory of human motivation. pdf; 1943.
  • Goodenow C. The psychological sense of school membership among adolescents: scale development and educational correlates. Psychol Sch. 1993;30(1):79–90. doi:10.1002/1520-6807(199301)30:1<79::AID-PITS2310300113>3.0.CO;2-X
  • Seo CS. The study on the factors affecting the sense of school belonging of adolescent immigrants. Cult Exchang Multicult Educ. 2022;11(1):119–141.
  • Xia H. A Study on the Relationship Between Interpersonal Communication, School Belonging and Psychological Stress of Junior High School Students with Poor Academic Performance [Master’s thesis]. Sichuan Normal University; 2017.
  • Kang M-C. Diagnosis of competency of preliminary special physical education teachers according to participation in flipped learning application class. Korea J Sport. 2022;20(3):541–547. doi:10.46669/kss.2022.20.3.047
  • Wu C. The effect of teacher support styles on the positive emotions of 15-year-old students - the mediating role of school belonging. J Shanghai Educ Res. 2020;398(07):28–33+92.
  • Li Q, Luo R, Zhang X, Meng G, Dai B, Liu X. Intolerance of COVID-19-related uncertainty and negative emotions among Chinese adolescents: a moderated mediation model of risk perception, social exclusion and perceived efficacy. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(6):2864. doi:10.3390/ijerph18062864
  • Zhai B, Li D, Li X, et al. Perceived school climate and problematic internet use among adolescents: mediating roles of school belonging and depressive symptoms. Addict Behav. 2020;110:106501. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106501
  • Korpershoek H, Canrinus ET, Fokkens-Bruinsma M, de Boer H. The relationships between school belonging and students’ motivational, social-emotional, behavioural, and academic outcomes in secondary education: a meta-analytic review. Res Pap Educ. 2020;35(6):641–680. doi:10.1080/02671522.2019.1615116
  • Liu X, Yang Y, Ho JW. Students sense of belonging and academic performance via online PBL: a case study of a university in Hong Kong during quarantine. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(3):1495. doi:10.3390/ijerph19031495
  • Yoo S. Exploring the affective triggers experienced by elementary school students in physical education class. J Coach Ability Dev. 2022;22(4):65–79. doi:10.47684/jcd.2020.12.22.4.65
  • Koo Y, Miryeong JE. Exploring predictors of school belonging in general and specialized high school students by glmmLasso machine learning technique. Teach Educ. 2021;37(2):467–486.
  • Ha-yeon KJ-e L, Min-ho J, Joo M-H. The effects of college students’ sense of belonging to school and university life satisfaction on their intention to continuing study in a non-face-to-face learning environment due to COVID-19. Career Educ Res. 2021;34(1):231–251. doi:10.32341/JCER.2021.3.34.1.231
  • Cho N, Kwon J, Jung M. The structural relationship among autonomy, mindset and academic persistence intention with grit. Korean J Youth Stud. 2017;24(12):45–69. doi:10.21509/KJYS.2017.12.24.12.45
  • Hey-kyoung K, So-young L. The impact of college students’ sense of belonging to schools and trust in professors on their willingness to continue their studies in the non-face-to-face learning environment due to COVID-19. Learn Centere Curric Teach Res. 2022;22(12):771–782.
  • Gao Bin FC, Duanying C. School adjustment of students in a medical college and its influencing factors. J Jining Med Coll. 2022;5:354–358.
  • Morán-Soto G, Marsh A, González Peña OI, Sheppard M, Gómez-Quiñones JI, Benson LC. Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sense of belonging in higher education for STEM students in the United States and Mexico. Sustainability. 2022;14(24):16627. doi:10.3390/su142416627
  • Lee H, Kim M. Multi-layered analysis of variables influencing school satisfaction of middle school students. Educ Sci Res. 2021;52(4):51–71.
  • Xin Z, Gao L, Liu Y. College students’ sense of belonging and self-regulated learning: the role of achievement goals. Heilongjiang Res Higher Educ. 2020;38(11):132–136.
  • Flores C. Inclusive cultures in secondary education: construction and validation of instruments. Sinéctica. 2021;56:1.
  • Ha Z, Chen Y, Wang Z. Investigation into the current situation of students’ sense of belonging at university and ways to elevate it. Lead J Ideol Theor Educ. 2019;5:142–147.
  • He E, Ye X, Pan K, Mao Y. The impact of primary school students’ social-emotional learning ability on campus bullying: the moderating role of school belonging. Mod Educ Manag. 2019;2019(8):99–105.
  • Brislin RW. Back-translation for cross-cultural research. J Cross Cult Psychol. 1970;1(3):185–216. doi:10.1177/135910457000100301
  • Clark LA, Watson D. Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications. J Abnorm Psychol. 1991;100(3):316. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.100.3.316
  • Tuckman BW. The development and concurrent validity of the procrastination scale. Educ Psychol Meas. 1991;51(2):473–480. doi:10.1177/0013164491512022
  • Pan F, Wang Q, Song L, Ding J, Dai J. A research on reliability and validity of psychological sense of school membership scale. Chin J Clin Psychol. 2011;19(2):200–202.
  • Podsakoff PM, MacKenzie SB, Lee J-Y, Podsakoff NP. Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. J Appl Psychol. 2003;88(5):879. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
  • Li Y. The impact of parental rearing style o on learning engagement among senior high school students: a serial mediation on effect model. Psychol Dev Educ China. 2018;34:576–585.
  • Hayes AF, Scharkow M. The relative trustworthiness of inferential tests of the indirect effect in statistical mediation analysis: does method really matter? Psychol Sci. 2013;24(10):1918–1927. doi:10.1177/0956797613480187
  • Shrout PE, Bolger N. Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: new procedures and recommendations. Psychol Methods. 2002;7(4):422. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.7.4.422
  • Cho M, Lee YS. The effects of medical students’ self-oriented perfectionism on academic procrastination: the mediating effect of fear of failure. Korean J Med Educ. 2022;34(2):121. doi:10.3946/kjme.2022.224
  • Randjelovic D, Vujicic M, Nikolic G. Relationships between personality traits, negative affectivity and procrastination in high school students. Natl Lib Serbia. 2021;78(9):928–934.
  • Barrett LF, Satpute AB. Large-scale brain networks in affective and social neuroscience: towards an integrative functional architecture of the brain. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2013;23(3):361–372. doi:10.1016/j.conb.2012.12.012
  • Seeley WW, Menon V, Schatzberg AF, et al. Dissociable intrinsic connectivity networks for salience processing and executive control. J Neurosci. 2007;27(9):2349–2356. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5587-06.2007
  • Chen Z, Su T, Zhang R, et al. The utility connectivity model of delayed large-scale brain networks: an analysis based on polymorphic Granger causality model. Sci Sin Life Sci. 2020;01:54–69.
  • Lee Dongmee PJH, Park JH. The effect of family differentiation on college students’depression: the mediating role of autonomy. Korean J Youth Stud. 2020;27(3):87–119. doi:10.21509/KJYS.2020.03.27.3.87
  • Li F, Han L, Li L. Analysis on status quo and influencing factors of sense of life meaning in undergraduate nursing students in a comprehensive college of Lanzhou city. Occup Health. 2022;38(06):806–810.
  • Li XJ, Cui L, Wang Y, et al. A short (the five step of eight method) on college students’ negative emotions can be affected by inhibiting function of ERP research. J Beijing Norm Univ. 2020;1:141–147.
  • Pan C, Li B. Differences in the effectiveness of college students’ negative emotion regulation: the role of psychological quality and gender. J Southwest Univ. 2019;01:113–119.
  • Yan G. A review of research on post-traumatic stress disorder. Jiangxi Sci. 2020;04:529–536.
  • Lee B, Shin N. Mothers’ and teachers’ autonomy support in relation to children’s academic procrastination: self-efficacy for self-regulated learning as a mediator. Fam Environ Res. 2021;59(4):477–488. doi:10.6115/fer.2021.034
  • Uzun B, LeBlanc S, Ferrari JR. Relationship between academic procrastination and self-control: the mediational role of self-esteem. Coll Stud J. 2020;54(3):309–316.
  • Wei S, Lian R, Li S, Huang J, Li B. The impact of achievement approach goal orientation on college students’ academic procrastination: the mediating role of self-control. J Jinzhou Med Univ. 2020;2:64–67+71.
  • Zhang C, Zhai L, Wang C. Mediating effect of self-control on the relationship between mobile phone dependence and academic procrastination in college students. China J Health Psychol. 2017;25(1):1.
  • Bertrams A, Baumeister RF, Englert C, Furley P. Ego depletion in color priming research: self-control strength moderates the detrimental effect of red on cognitive test performance. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2015;41(3):311–322. doi:10.1177/0146167214564968
  • Duckworth AL, Taxer JL, Eskreis-Winkler L, Galla BM, Gross JJ. Self-control and academic achievement. Ann Rev Psychol. 2019;70:373–399. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-103230
  • Boat R, Cooper SB. Self-control and exercise: a review of the bi-directional relationship. Brain Plast. 2019;5(1):97–104. doi:10.3233/BPL-190082
  • Yunyoung C. Classification of latent classes and predictive factors for the relationship between attention, aggression, social withdrawal, depression and school adjustment in middle school students using a mixed regression model. J Korean Educ. 2022;43(2):111–138.
  • Zhou C, Gao M, Shi X, Zhang Z. Suicidal behavior, depression and loneliness among college students: the role of school belonging. Psychol Health Med Phil. 2022;2021:1–7.
  • Li Y, Zhang X, Guo X, Wang L. Underlying emotional mechanisms of routine m-Health use in chronically ill patients. IEEE Trans Eng Manag. 2019;69(6):2658–2669. doi:10.1109/TEM.2019.2940242