The Relationship Between Trait Mindfulness and Well-Being in College Students: The Serial Mediation Role of Flow Experience and Sports Participation

References

• Heng ZY, hua YX. An analysis of the status of college students’ happiness and its influencing factors. DEStech Trans Comput Sci Eng. 2017. doi:10.12783/dtcse/icicee2017/17154
   Google Scholar
• Conley CS, Shapiro JB, Kirsch AC, Durlak JA. A meta-analysis of indicated mental health prevention programs for at-risk higher education students. J Couns Psychol. 2017;64(2):121–140. doi:10.1037/cou0000190
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heo J, Chun S, Lee S, Kim J. Life satisfaction and psychological well-being of older adults with cancer experience: the role of optimism and volunteering. Int J Aging Hum Dev. 2016;83(3):274–289. doi:10.1177/0091415016652406
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher JJ, Kaitelidou D, Samoutis G. Happiness and physical activity levels of first year medical students studying in Cyprus: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Med Educ. 2019;19(1). doi:10.1186/s12909-019-1790-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang HC, Lee PY, Lo YC, Chen IS, Hsu CH. A study on the perceived positive coaching leadership, sports enthusiasm, and happiness of boxing athletes. Sustain. 2021;13(13). doi:10.3390/su13137199
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park K, Wang S. Youth activities and children’s subjective well-being in Korea. J Happiness Stud. 2019;20(7):2351–2365. doi:10.1007/s10902-018-0048-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwak HP. Relationship among significant others’ sports activity support, participation constraints, sports participation and happiness for women. J Sport Leis Stud. 2017;68. doi:10.51979/kssls.2017.05.68.173
   Google Scholar
• Seligman MEP, Csikszentmihalyi M. Positive psychology: an introduction. Flow Found Posit Psychol. 2014;9789401790. doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9088-8_18
   Google Scholar
• Wolff SB. Emotion and mindfulness: using emotion as information to raise collective performance. Res Emot Organ. 2014;10. doi:10.1108/S1746-979120140000010022
   Google Scholar
• Fredrickson BL. What good are positive emotions? Rev Gen Psychol. 1998;2(3):300–319. doi:10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.300
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kabat-Zinn J. Mindfulness-based interventions in context: past, present, and future. Clin Psychol Sci Pract. 2003;10(2):144–156. doi:10.1093/clipsy/bpg016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidson RJ. Empirical explorations of mindfulness: conceptual and methodological conundrums. Emotion. 2010;10(1):8–11. doi:10.1037/a0018480
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keng SL, Smoski MJ, Robins CJ. Effects of mindfulness on psychological health: a review of empirical studies. Clin Psychol Rev. 2011;31(6):1041–1056. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.04.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cerna C, García FE, Téllez A. Brief mindfulness, mental health, and cognitive processes: a randomized controlled trial. PsyCh J. 2020;9(3):359–369. doi:10.1002/pchj.325
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diener E. Subjective well-being. Psychol Bull. 1984;95(3):542–575. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.542
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michael R, Joan LD, Nikos N. Dimensions of coaching behavior, need satisfaction, and the psychological and physical welfare of young athletes. Motiv Emot. 2004;28:3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster BJ, Chow GM. The effects of psychological skills and mindfulness on well-being of student-athletes: a path analysis. Perform Enhanc Heal. 2020;8:2–3. doi:10.1016/j.peh.2020.100180
   Google Scholar
• McLoughlin E, Fletcher D, Slavich GM, Arnold R, Moore LJ. Cumulative lifetime stress exposure, depression, anxiety, and well-being in elite athletes: a mixed-method study. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2021;52. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101823
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vidic Z, Martin MS, Oxhandler R. Mindfulness intervention with a U.S. Women’s NCAA division I basketball team: impact on stress, athletic coping skills and perceptions of intervention. Sport Psychol. 2017;31(2):147–159. doi:10.1123/tsp.2016-0077
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Csikszentmihalyi M. Beyond boredom and anxiety: the experience of games in work and play. San Fr. 1975;1975:1.
   Google Scholar
• Csikszentmihalyi M. Flow: the psychology of optimal experience: steps toward enhancing the quality of life. Des Issues. 1991;8:1.
   Google Scholar
• Kawabata M. Facilitating flow experience in physical education settings. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2018;38. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.05.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoon HL, Kim KH, Kim KR. The effect of professionalism of instructors perceived by Pilate participants on flow experience and leisure attitude. Korean J Sport Sci. 2020;29(2):263–275. doi:10.35159/kjss.2020.04.29.2.263
   Google Scholar
• Chan K, Wan K, King V. Performance over enjoyment? Effect of game-based learning on learning outcome and flow experience. Front Educ. 2021;6. doi:10.3389/feduc.2021.660376
   Google Scholar
• Chou TJ, Ting CC. The role of flow experience in cyber-game addiction. Cyberpsychology Behav. 2003;6(6). doi:10.1089/109493103322725469
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jackson SA, Csikszentmihalyi M. Flow in Sports: The Keys to Optimal Experiences and Performances. Human Kinetics; 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Dehghani M, Delbar Saf A, Vosoughi A, Tebbenouri G, Ghazanfari Zarnagh H. Effectiveness of the mindfulness-acceptance-commitment-based approach on athletic performance and sports competition anxiety: a randomized clinical trial. Elect Phys. 2018;10(5):6749–6755. doi:10.19082/6749
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cherup N, Vidic Z. Mindfulness with collegiate gymnasts: effects on flow, stress and overall mindfulness levels. Int J Phys Educ Fit Sport. 2019. doi:10.26524/ijpefs1933
   Google Scholar
• Hill A, Schücker L, Wiese M, Hagemann N, Strauß B. The influence of mindfulness training on running economy and perceived flow under different attentional focus conditions–an intervention study. Int J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2021;19(4):564–583. doi:10.1080/1612197X.2020.1739110
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deci EL, Ryan RM. Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior. Springer; 1985. doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-2271-7
   Google Scholar
• Rivkin W, Diestel S, Schmidt KH. Which daily experiences can foster well-being at work? A diary study on the interplay between flow experiences, affective commitment, and self-control demands. J Occup Health Psychol. 2018;23(1):99–111. doi:10.1037/ocp0000039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilies R, Wagner D, Wilson K, et al. Flow at work and basic psychological needs: effects on well-being. Appl Psychol. 2017;66(1):3–24. doi:10.1111/apps.12075
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee DJ, So WY, Lee SM. The relationship between Korean adolescents’ sports participation, internal health locus of control, and wellness during covid-19. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(6). doi:10.3390/ijerph18062950
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reed J, Buck S. The effect of regular aerobic exercise on positive-activated affect: a meta-analysis. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2009;10(6):581–594. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2009.05.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diehl K, Fuchs AK, Rathmann K, Hilger-Kolb J. Students’ motivation for sport activity and participation in university sports: a mixed-methods study. Biomed Res Int. 2018;2018:1–7. doi:10.1155/2018/9524861
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deci EL, Ryan RM. Autonomy and need satisfaction in close relationships: relationships motivation theory. Human Motiv Interper Relat. 2014;9789401785. doi:10.1007/978-94-017-8542-6_3
   Google Scholar
• Amemiya R, Sakairi Y. The effects of passion and mindfulness on the intrinsic motivation of Japanese athletes. Pers Individ Dif. 2019;142. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.01.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brand R, Timme S, Nosrat S, Dutt V. When pandemic hits: exercise frequency and subjective well-being during COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychol. 2020;11:11. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.570567
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graupensperger S, Benson AJ, Kilmer JR, Evans MB. Social (Un)distancing: teammate interactions, athletic identity, and mental health of student-athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Adolesc Heal. 2020;67(5):662–670. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.08.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chekroud SR, Gueorguieva R, Zheutlin AB, et al. Association between physical exercise and mental health in 1·2 million individuals in the USA between 2011 and 2015: a cross-sectional study. Lancet Psychiat. 2018;5(9):739–746. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30227-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mirvis PH, Csikszentmihalyi M. Flow: the Psychology of Optimal Experience. Acad Manag Rev. 1991;16(3):636. doi:10.2307/258925
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson SA. Athletes in flow: a qualitative investigation of flow states in elite figure skaters. J Appl Sport Psychol. 1992;4(2):161–180. doi:10.1080/10413209208406459
   Google Scholar
• Chang HH. Gender differences in leisure involvement and flow experience in professional extreme sport activities. World Leis J. 2017;59(2). doi:10.1080/16078055.2016.1166152
   Google Scholar
• Harris DJ, Vine SJ, Wilson MR. Is flow really effortless? The complex role of effortful attention. Sport Exerc Perform Psychol. 2017;6(1). doi:10.1037/spy0000083
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoll O, Ufer M. Flow in sports and exercise: a historical overview. Adva Flow Res. 2021. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-53468-4_13
   Google Scholar
• Brown KW, Ryan RM. The benefits of being present: mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2003;84(4):822–848. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan B, Wu H, Zhang X. The effect of trait mindfulness on subjective well-being of kindergarten teachers: the sequential mediating roles of emotional intelligence and work–family balance. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2022;Volume 15:2815–2830. doi:10.2147/PRBM.S381976
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson SA, Thomas PR, Marsh HW, Smethurst CJ. Relationships between flow, self-concept, psychological skills, and performance. J Appl Sport Psychol. 2001;13(2):129–153. doi:10.1080/104132001753149865
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakamura J, Csikszentmihalyi M. The concept of flow. Flow Found Posit Psychol. 2014. doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9088-8_16
   Google Scholar
• Wang X. The relationship between flow experience and teaching well-being of university music teachers: the sequential mediating effect of work passion and work engagement. Front Psychol. 2022;13. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.989386
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang DQ. The stress level of college students and their relation to physical exercise. Chinese Ment Heal J. 1994;8:5–6.
   Google Scholar
• Pan B, Fan S, Wang Y, Li Y. The relationship between trait mindfulness and subjective wellbeing of kindergarten teachers: the sequential mediating role of emotional intelligence and self-efficacy. Front Psychol. 2022;13. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.973103
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podsakoff PM, MacKenzie SB, Lee JY, Podsakoff NP. Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. J Appl Psychol. 2003;88(5):879–903. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rooks JD, Morrison AB, Goolsarran M, Rogers SL, Jha AP. “We are talking about practice”: the influence of mindfulness vs. Relaxation training on athletes’ attention and well-being over high-demand intervals. J Cogn Enhanc. 2017;1(2):141–153. doi:10.1007/s41465-017-0016-5
   Google Scholar
• Tang YY, Ma Y, Wang J, et al. Short-term meditation training improves attention and self-regulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007;104(43):17152–17156. doi:10.1073/pnas.0707678104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson SA, Haraldsdottir K, Watson D. Mindfulness in Athletes. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2021;20(12):655–660. doi:10.1249/JSR.0000000000000919
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stamatelopoulou F, Pezirkianidis C, Karakasidou E, Lakioti A, Stalikas A. “Being in the zone”: a systematic review on the relationship of psychological correlates and the occurrence of flow experiences in sports’ performance. Psychology. 2018;09(08):2011–2030. doi:10.4236/psych.2018.98115
   Google Scholar
• Feruglio S, Matiz A, Pagnoni G, Fabbro F, Crescentini C. The impact of mindfulness meditation on the wandering mind: a systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2021;131. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.032
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sala M, Rochefort C, Lui PP, Baldwin AS. Trait mindfulness and health behaviours: a meta-analysis. Health Psychol Rev. 2020;14(3):345–393. doi:10.1080/17437199.2019.1650290
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roychowdhury D. Using physical activity to enhance health outcomes across the life span. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2020;5(1). doi:10.3390/jfmk5010002
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schüler J, Brunner S. The rewarding effect of flow experience on performance in a marathon race. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2009;10(1):168–174. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2008.07.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diaz R, Miller EK, Kraus E, Fredericson M. Impact of adaptive sports participation on quality of life. Sports Med Arthrosc. 2019;27(2):73–82. doi:10.1097/JSA.0000000000000242
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar