Enacted Stigma Influences Bereavement Coping Among Children Orphaned by Parental AIDS: A Longitudinal Study with Network Analysis

References

• Link BG, Phelan JC. Conceptualizing stigma. Annu Rev Socio. 2001;27(1):363–385. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.363
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tse WF, Huang W. Stigma among HIV/AIDS patients in China. HIV AIDS Rev. 2017;16(1):11–17. doi:10.5114/hivar.2017.65921
   Google Scholar
• Herek GM, Gillis JR, Cogan JC. Internalized stigma among sexual minority adults: insights from a social psychological perspective. J Couns Psychol. 2009;56(1):32–43. doi:10.1037/a0014672
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houck JA. A comparison of grief reactions in cancer, hiv/aids, and suicide bereavement. J HIV/AIDS Soc Serv. 2007;6(3):97–112. doi:10.1300/J187v06n03_07
   Google Scholar
• Chi P, Li X, Zhao J, Zhao G. Vicious circle of perceived stigma, enacted stigma and depressive symptoms among children affected by HIV/AIDS in China. AIDS Behav. 2014;18(6):1054–1062. doi:10.1007/s10461-013-0649-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu NX, Chow AYM, Chan CLW, Zhang J, Stewart SM. Stigma never dies: mourning a spouse who died of AIDS in China. Psychiatry Research. 2015;230(3):968–970. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.10.034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meini B, Tognetti Bordogna M. The impact of HIV-related stigma on children orphaned by AIDS or living with seropositive caregivers. Int Rev Soc. 2018;28(3):541–555. doi:10.1080/03906701.2018.1529090
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harms S, Jack S, Ssebunnya J, Kizza R. The orphaning experience: descriptions from Ugandan youth who have lost parents to HIV/AIDS. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment. 2010;4(1):6. doi:10.1186/1753-2000-4-6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yassin Z, Erasmus C, Frantz J. HIV-related stigma and the psychosocial well-being of children orphaned by AIDS: a systematic review. Vulnerable Child Youth Stud. 2018;13(3):247–258. doi:10.1080/17450128.2018.1457193
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu T, Yan Z, Duan S, Wang C, Rou K, Wu Z. Psychosocial well-being of children in hiv/aids-affected families in southwest china: a qualitative study. J Fam Stud. 2009;18(1):21–30. doi:10.1007/s10826-008-9202-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thupayagale-Tshweneagae G, Benedict S. The burden of secrecy among South African adolescents orphaned by HIV and AIDS. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2011;32(6):355–358. doi:10.3109/01612840.2011.576128
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Evans A, Abrahamson K. The influence of stigma on suicide bereavement: a systematic review. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. 2020;58(4):21–27. doi:10.3928/02793695-20200127-02
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanschmidt F, Treml J, Klingner J, Stepan H, Kersting A. Stigma in the context of pregnancy termination after diagnosis of fetal anomaly: associations with grief, trauma, and depression. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2018;21(4):391–399. doi:10.1007/s00737-017-0807-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stroebe MS, Hansson RO, Schut H, Stroebe W. Bereavement research: contemporary perspectives. In: Handbook of Bereavement Research and Practice: Advances in Theory and Intervention. American Psychological Association; 2008:3–25.
   Google Scholar
• Boon H, Ruiter RAC, James S, van den Borne B, Williams E, Reddy P. Correlates of grief among older adults caring for children and grandchildren as a consequence of HIV and AIDS in South Africa. J Aging Health. 2010;22(1):48–67. doi:10.1177/0898264309349165
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee S-A, Kim SJ, Kim HJ, et al. Family cohesion is differently associated with felt stigma depending on enacted stigma in adults with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behavior. 2020:112107446. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107446
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amini-Tehrani M, Zamanian H, Daryaafzoon M, et al. Body image, internalized stigma and enacted stigma predict psychological distress in women with breast cancer: a serial mediation model. J Adv Nurs. 2021;77(8):3412–3423. doi:10.1111/jan.14881
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li X, Yan H, Wang W, Yang H, Li S. Association between enacted stigma, internalized stigma, resilience, and depressive symptoms among young men who have sex with men in China: a moderated mediation model analysis. Ann Epidemiol. 2021;56:1–8. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2021.01.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stroebe M, Schut H. The dual process model of coping with bereavement: a decade on. J Death Dying. 2010;61(4):273–289. doi:10.2190/OM.61.4.b
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neimeyer RA, Klass D, Dennis MR. A social constructionist account of grief: loss and the narration of meaning. Death Studies. 2014;38(8):485–498. doi:10.1080/07481187.2014.913454
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stroebe M, Boelen PA, van den Hout M, Stroebe W, Salemink E, van den Bout J. Ruminative coping as avoidance: a reinterpretation of its function in adjustment to bereavement. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2007;257(8):462–472. doi:10.1007/s00406-007-0746-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stroebe M, Schut H, Boerner K. Models of coping with bereavement: an updated overview / modelos de afrontamiento en duelo: un resumen actualizado. Psychol Stud. 2017;38(3):582–607. doi:10.1080/02109395.2017.1340055
   Google Scholar
• Bonanno GA, Papa A, Lalande K, Zhang N, Noll JG. Grief processing and deliberate grief avoidance: a prospective comparison of bereaved spouses and parents in the United States and the people’s republic of China. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005;73(1):86–98. doi:10.1037/0022-006x.73.1.86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisma MC, Stroebe MS. Emotion regulatory strategies in complicated grief: a systematic review. Behav Ther. 2021;52(1):234–249. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2020.04.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pressman DL, Bonanno GA. With whom do we grieve? social and cultural determinants of grief processing in the United States and China. J Soc Pers Relat. 2007;24(5):729–746. doi:10.1177/0265407507081458
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapple A, Ziebland S, Hawton K. Taboo and the different death? Perceptions of those bereaved by suicide or other traumatic death. Sociol Health Illn. 2015;37(4):610–625. doi:10.1111/1467-9566.12224
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen H, Samp JA. Grief communication: exploring disclosure and avoidance across the developmental spectrum. West J Commun. 2018;82(2):238–257. doi:10.1080/10570314.2017.1326622
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schotanus-Dijkstra M, Havinga P, van Ballegooijen W, Delfosse L, Mokkenstorm J, Boon B. What do the bereaved by suicide communicate in online support groups? A content analysis. Crisis J Crisis Interv Suic Prev. 2014;35(1):27–35. doi:10.1027/0227-5910/a000225
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borsboom D, Cramer AOJ. Network analysis: an integrative approach to the structure of psychopathology. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2013;9(1):91–121. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185608
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNally RJ. Network analysis of psychopathology: controversies and challenges. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2020;17:31–53. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-092850
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burger J, Stroebe MS, Perrig-Chiello P, et al. Bereavement or breakup: differences in networks of depression. J Affect Disord. 2020;267:1–8. doi:doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.157
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lass ANS, Winer ES, Collins AC, Rokke PD. The associations among distress tolerance, unhelpful coping behaviors, and symptoms of depression: a network analysis. Cognit Ther Res. 2020;44(6):1077–1090. doi:10.1007/s10608-020-10131-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters J, Bellet BW, Jones PJ, Wu GWY, Wang L, McNally RJ. Posttraumatic stress or posttraumatic growth? Using network analysis to explore the relationships between coping styles and trauma outcomes. J Anxiety Disord. 2021;78102359. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102359
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao J, Li X, Fang X, et al. Stigma against children affected by AIDS (SACAA): psychometric evaluation of a brief measurement scale. AIDS Behav. 2010;14(6):1302–1312. doi:10.1007/s10461-009-9629-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poltorak DY, Glazer JP. The development of children’s understanding of death: cognitive and psychodynamic considerations. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2006;15(3):567. doi:10.1016/j.chc.2006.03.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopkins M. The Development of Children’s Understanding of Death. [Dissertation/Thesis]; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Bonoti F, Leondari A, Mastora A. Exploring children’s understanding of death: through drawings and the death concept questionnaire. Death Studies. 2013;37(1):47–60. doi:10.1080/07481187.2011.623216
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li X, Barnett D, Fang X, et al. Lifetime incidences of traumatic events and mental health among children affected by HIV/AIDS in rural China. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2009;38(5):731–744. doi:10.1080/15374410903103601
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faul F, Erdfelder E, Buchner A, Lang A-G. Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behav Res Methods. 2009;41(4):1149–1160. doi:10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolaczyk ED, Krivitsky PN. On the question of effective sample size in network modeling: an asymptotic inquiry. Stat Sci. 2015;30(2):184–198. doi:10.1214/14-STS502
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gotzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP. The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (strobe) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. PLoS Med. 2007;4(10):1623. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040296
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chi P, Li X, Douglas B, Zhao J, Zhao G. Do children orphaned by AIDS experience distress over time? A latent growth curve analysis of depressive symptoms. Psychol Health Med. 2014;19(4–6):01/01/.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epskamp S, Borsboom D, Fried EI. Estimating psychological networks and their accuracy: a tutorial paper. Behav Res Methods. 2018;50(1):195–212. doi:10.3758/s13428-017-0862-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman J, Hastie T, Tibshirani R. Sparse inverse covariance estimation with the graphical lasso. Biostatistics. 2008;9(3):432–441. doi:10.1093/biostatistics/kxm045
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li X, Naar-King S, Barnett D, Stanton B, Fang X, Thurston C. A developmental psychopathology framework of the psychosocial needs of children orphaned by HIV. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2008;19(2):147–157. doi:10.1016/j.jana.2007.08.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen DM, Sheehan DK, Stephenson PS, Mayo MM. Parental relationships beyond the grave: adolescents’ descriptions of continued bonds. Palliative Supportive Care. 2016;14(4):358–363. doi:10.1017/S1478951515001078
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boelen PA, Eisma MC. Anxious and depressive avoidance behavior in post-loss psychopathology: a longitudinal study. Anxiety Stress Coping. 2015;28(5):587–600. doi:10.1080/10615806.2015.1004054
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stachnik K, Kotlińska-Lemieszek A. A child after the death of a parent or another important person. Medycy Paliat. 2018;10(4):184–190. doi:10.5114/pm.2018.83275
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagström AS. Suicide stigma’ renegotiated: storytelling, social support and resistance in an internet-based community for the young suicide-bereaved. Qual Soc Work. 2017;16(6):775–792. doi:10.1177/1473325016644039
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillies J, Neimeyer RA. Loss, grief, and the search for significance: toward a model of meaning reconstruction in bereavement. J Constr Psychol. 2006;19(1):31–65. doi:10.1080/10720530500311182
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dopp AR, Cain AC. The role of peer relationships in parental bereavement during childhood and adolescence. Death Studies. 2012;36(1):41–60. doi:10.1080/07481187.2011.573175
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christopher ML, Julie BK, Benjamin O, Ryan MH, Robert SP. The interplay between posttraumatic stress and grief reactions in traumatically bereaved adolescents: when trauma, bereavement, and adolescence converge. Adolesc Psychiatry. 2017;7(4):266–285. doi:10.2174/2210676608666180306162544
   Google Scholar
• Goulah-Pabst DM. Suicide loss survivors: navigating social stigma and threats to social bonds. Omega. 2021. doi:10.1177/00302228211026513
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demmer C, Rothschild N. Bereavement among South African adolescents following a sibling’s death from AIDS. Ajar-African J Aids Research Apr. 2011;10(1):15–24 Pii 938657583. doi:10.2989/16085906.2011.575544
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood K, Chase E, Aggleton P. ‘Telling the truth is the best thing’: teenage orphans’ experiences of parental AIDS-related illness and bereavement in Zimbabwe. Soc Sci Med. 2006;63(7):1923–1933. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.04.027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danvers AF, Scott BG, Shiota MN, Tein J-Y, Wolchik SA, Sandler II. Effects of therapeutic intervention on parentally bereaved children’s emotion reactivity and regulation 15 years later. Prev Sci. 2020;21(8):1017–1027. doi:10.1007/s11121-020-01142-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiao K, Chow AYM, Chen C. Dyadic relationships between a surviving parent and children in widowed families: a systematic scoping review. Report Family Process. 2021;60(3):888. doi:10.1111/famp.12610
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar