Positive Childhood Experiences and Depression Among College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Moderated Mediation Model

References

• Cao W, Fang Z, Hou G, et al. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Res. 2020;287:112934. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maia BR, Dias PC. Anxiety, depression and stress in university students: the impact of COVID-19. Estudos de Psicologia. 2020;37:e200067. doi:10.1590/1982-0275202037e200067
   Google Scholar
• Salari N, Hosseinian-Far A, Jalali R, et al. Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Global Health. 2020;16(1):1–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sifat RI. Covid-19 pandemic: mental stress, depression, anxiety among the university students in Bangladesh. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2020;67(5):609–610. doi:10.1177/0020764020965995
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sifat RI, Ruponty MM, Mkr. S, Chowdhury M, Suha SM. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of school-going adolescents: insights from Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Heliyon. 2022;8(4):e09223. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09223
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu T, Jia X, Shi H, et al. Prevalence of mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2021;281:91–98. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ye B, Wu D, Im H, Liu M, Wang X, Yang Q. Stressors of COVID-19 and stress consequences: the mediating role of rumination and the moderating role of psychological support. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2020;118:105466. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105466
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang X, Huang PF, Li BQ, Xu WJ, Li W, Zhou B. The influence of interpersonal relationships on school adaptation among Chinese university students during COVID-19 control period: multiple mediating roles of social support and resilience. J Affect Disord. 2021;285:97–104. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.02.040
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riley JP. Overwhelmed, Overworked, and Under-Appreciated: A Mixed Methods Study of Undergraduate Music Education Student. Harrisonburg, VA: James MadisonUniversity; 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Schneider E, Chesky K. Social support and performance anxiety of college music students. Med Probl Perform Artist. 2011;26(3):157–163. doi:10.21091/mppa.2011.3025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernhard H, Christian L. A survey of burnout among college music majors. Coll Stud J. 2007;41(2):392–401.
   Google Scholar
• Demirbatir RE. Relationships between psychological well-being, happiness, and educational satisfaction in a group of university music students. Educ Res Rev. 2015;10(15):2198–2206. doi:10.5897/ERR2015.2375
   Google Scholar
• Demirbatir RE, Bayram N, Bilgel N. Is the healing force of music far away from the undergraduate music education students? Int J Acad Res Bus Soc Sci. 2012;2(1):341–354.
   Google Scholar
• Demirbatir RE. Undergraduate music student’s depression, anxiety and stress levels: a study from Turkey. Procedia Soc Behav Sci. 2012;46:2995–2999. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.05.603
   Google Scholar
• Koops LH, Kuebel CR. Self-reported mental health and mental illness among university music students in the United States. Res Stud Music Educ. 2021;43(2):129–143. doi:10.1177/1321103X19863265
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wristen BG. Depression and anxiety in university music students. Update. 2013;31(2):20–27.
   Google Scholar
• Asgari S, Trajkovic J, Rahmani M, Zhang W, Lo RC, Sciortino A. An observational study of engineering online education during the covid-19 pandemic. PLoS One. 2021;16(4):e0250041. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0250041
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stubbe JH, Tiemens A, Keizer-Hulsebosch SC, et al. Prevalence of mental health complaints among performing arts students is associated with COVID-19 preventive measures. Front Psychol. 2021;12:2284. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.676587
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faisal RA, Jobe MC, Ahmed O, Sharker T. Mental health status, anxiety, and depression levels of Bangladeshi university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2022;20(3):1500–1515. doi:10.1007/s11469-020-00458-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Y, Wang A, Wu Y, Han N, Huang H. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of college students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychol. 2021;12:669119. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.669119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Bao X, Yan J, Miao H, Guo C. Anxiety and depression in Chinese students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a meta-analysis. Front Public Health. 2021;9:697642. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.697642
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farabaugh A, Bitran S, Nyer M, et al. Depression and suicidal ideation in college students. Psychopathology. 2012;45(4):228–234. doi:10.1159/000331598
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furr SR, Westefeld JS, McConnell GN, Jenkins JM. Suicide and depression among college students: a decade later. Prof Psychol Res Pr. 2001;32(1):97–100. doi:10.1037/0735-7028.32.1.97
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garlow SJ, Rosenberg J, Moore JD, et al. Depression, desperation, and suicidal ideation in college students: results from the American foundation for suicide prevention college screening project at Emory University. Depress Anxiety. 2008;25(6):482–488. doi:10.1002/da.20321
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu Z, Zhang D, Ding H, et al. Association of positive and adverse childhood experiences with risky behaviours and mental health indicators among Chinese university students in Hong Kong: an exploratory study. Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2022;13(1):2065429. doi:10.1080/20008198.2022.2065429
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang D, Jiang Q, Yang Z, Choi J-K. The longitudinal influences of adverse childhood experiences and positive childhood experiences at family, school, and neighborhood on adolescent depression and anxiety. J Affect Disord. 2021;292:542–551. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bethell C, Jones J, Gombojav N, Linkenbach J, Sege R. Positive childhood experiences and adult mental and relational health in a statewide sample: associations across adverse childhood experiences levels. JAMA Pediatr. 2019;173(11):e193007–e193007. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.3007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crandall A, Miller JR, Cheung A, et al. ACEs and counter-ACEs: how positive and negative childhood experiences influence adult health. Child Abuse Negl. 2019;96:104089. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104089
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Assini-Meytin LC, Fix RL, Green KM, Nair R, Letourneau EJ. Adverse childhood experiences, mental health, and risk behaviors in adulthood: exploring sex, racial, and ethnic group differences in a nationally representative sample. J Child Adolesc Trauma. 2022;15(3):833–845. doi:10.1007/s40653-021-00424-3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Merrick MT, Ports KA, Ford DC, Afifi TO, Gershoff ET, Grogan-Kaylor A. Unpacking the impact of adverse childhood experiences on adult mental health. Child Abuse Negl. 2017;69:10–19. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.03.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kocatürk M, Çiçek İ. Relationship between positive childhood experiences and psychological resilience in university students: the mediating role of self-esteem. J Psychol Couns Sch. 2021;2021:1–12.
   Google Scholar
• Kosterman R, Mason WA, Haggerty KP, Hawkins JD, Spoth R, Redmond C. Positive childhood experiences and positive adult functioning: prosocial continuity and the role of adolescent substance use. J Adolesc Health. 2011;49(2):180–186. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.11.244
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandura A, Freeman WH, Lightsey R. Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control. Springer; 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Berent D, Podgórski M, Kokoszka A. A need for intervention: childhood adversities are a significant determinant of health-harming behavior and poor self-efficacy in patients with alcohol dependence. An observational, cross-sectional study on the population of Central Poland. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2018;27(9):1271–1277. doi:10.17219/acem/70792
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berent D, Wojnar M. The role of adverse childhood experiences in risky behaviors, health care utilization, and generalized self-efficacy in the general adult Polish population. Arch Med Sci. 2020;5:1–21.
   Google Scholar
• Caprara GV, Gerbino M. Affective perceived self-efficacy: the capacity to regulate negative affect and to express positive affect. In: Caprara GV, editor. Self Efficacy Assessment. Trento, Italy: Edizioni Erickson; 2001:35–50.
   Google Scholar
• Bardeen JR, Fergus TA. Emotion regulation self-efficacy mediates the relation between happiness emotion goals and depressive symptoms: a cross-lagged panel design. Emotion. 2020;20(7):910–915. doi:10.1037/emo0000592
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Calandri E, Graziano F, Cattelino E, Testa S. Depressive symptoms and loneliness in early adolescence: the role of empathy and emotional self-efficacy. J Early Adolesc. 2021;41(3):369–393. doi:10.1177/0272431620919156
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szkody E, Stearns M, Stanhope L, McKinney C. Stress-buffering role of social support during COVID-19. Fam Process. 2021;60(3):1002–1015. doi:10.1111/famp.12618
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Younis A, Xiaobao P, Nadeem MA, et al. Impact of positivity and empathy on social entrepreneurial intention: the moderating role of perceived social support. J Public Aff. 2021;21(1):e2124. doi:10.1002/pa.2124
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen X, Ma Y, Wu R, Liu X. Moderating roles of social support in the association between Hope and life satisfaction among ethnic minority college students in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(5):2298. doi:10.3390/ijerph18052298
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou M, Lin W. Adaptability and life satisfaction: the moderating role of social support. Front Psychol. 2016;7:1134. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01134
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gabarrell-Pascuet A, Félez-Nóbrega M, Cristóbal-Narváez P, et al. The role of social support, detachment, and depressive and anxiety symptoms in suicidal thoughts and behaviours during the Covid-19 lockdown: potential pathways. Curr Psychol. 2021;4:1–12. doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02205-5
   Google Scholar
• Narayan AJ, Rivera LM, Bernstein RE, Harris WW, Lieberman AF. Positive childhood experiences predict less psychopathology and stress in pregnant women with childhood adversity: a pilot study of the benevolent childhood experiences (BCEs) scale. Child Abuse Negl. 2018;78:19–30. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.09.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhan N, Xie D, Zou J, Wang J, Geng F. The validity and reliability of benevolent childhood experiences scale in Chinese community adults. Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2021;12(1):1945747. doi:10.1080/20008198.2021.1945747
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimet GD, Dahlem NW, Zimet SG, Farley GK. The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. J Pers Assess. 1988;52(1):30–41. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa5201_2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han J, Leng X, Gu X, Li Q, Wang Y, Chen H. The role of neuroticism and subjective social status in the relationship between perceived social support and life satisfaction. Pers Individ Dif. 2021;168:110356. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.110356
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao J, Song F, Chen Q, Li M, Wang Y, Kong F. Linking shyness to loneliness in Chinese adolescents: the mediating role of core self-evaluation and social support. Pers Individ Dif. 2018;125:140–144. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.01.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang P, Zhang M, Lu J. An analysis of the results of the regulatory emotional self-efficacy scale in Chinese university students. Chin J Clin Psychol. 2010;18:568–570.
   Google Scholar
• Jin Y, Zhang M, Wang Y, An J. The relationship between trait mindfulness, loneliness, regulatory emotional self-efficacy, and subjective well-being. Pers Individ Dif. 2020;154:109650. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.109650
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ying J, You J, Guo J. The protective effects of youth assets on the associations among academic stress, regulatory emotional self-efficacy, and suicidal risk: a moderated mediation model. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2020;119:105660. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105660
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu B, He H, Zhang Q, et al. Soft drink consumption is associated with depressive symptoms among adults in China. J Affect Disord. 2015;172:422–427. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.10.026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peng M, Mo B, Liu Y, et al. Prevalence, risk factors and clinical correlates of depression in quarantined population during the COVID-19 outbreak. J Affect Disord. 2020;275:119–124. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shao R, He P, Ling B, et al. Prevalence of depression and anxiety and correlations between depression, anxiety, family functioning, social support and coping styles among Chinese medical students. BMC Psychol. 2020;8(1):1–19. doi:10.1186/s40359-020-00402-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Inomata T, Iwagami M, Nakamura M, et al. Association between dry eye and depressive symptoms:Large-scale crowdsourced research using the DryEyeRhythm iPhone application. Ocul Surf. 2020;18(2):312–319. doi:10.1016/j.jtos.2020.02.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu Z, Cui Y, Gong Q, et al. Frequency of breakfast consumption is inversely associated with the risk of depressive symptoms among Chinese university students: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One. 2019;14(8):e0222014. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0222014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes AF. Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process analysis:A Regression-Base Approach. New York, USA: Guilford Press; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Preacher KJ, Hayes AF. Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behav Res Methods. 2008;40(3):879–891. doi:10.3758/BRM.40.3.879
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan Y, Yang Z, Han X, Qi S. Family functioning and mental health among secondary vocational students during the COVID-19 epidemic: a moderated mediation model. Pers Individ Dif. 2021;171:110490. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.110490
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preacher KJ, Rucker DD, Hayes AF. Addressing moderated mediation hypotheses: theory, methods, and prescriptions. Multivariate Behav Res. 2007;42(1):185–227. doi:10.1080/00273170701341316
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balistreri KS, Alvira-Hammond M. Adverse childhood experiences, family functioning and adolescent health and emotional well-being. Public Health. 2016;132:72–78. doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2015.10.034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bethell C, Newacheck P, Hawes E, Halfon N. Adverse childhood experiences: assessing the impact on health and school engagement and the mitigating role of resilience. Health Aff. 2014;33(12):2106–2115. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2014.0914
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar