Longitudinal Problematic Social Media Use in Students and Its Association with Negative Mental Health Outcomes

References

• Pandya A, Lodha P. Social connectedness, excessive screen time during COVID-19 and mental health: a review of current evidence. Front Hum Dyn. 2021;2021(3):2673–2726.
   Google Scholar
• Sert PH, Başkale H. Students’ increased time spent on social media, and their level of coronavirus anxiety during the pandemic predict increased social media addiction. Heal Inf Libr J. 2022. doi:10.1111/hir.12448
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boursier V, Gioia F, Musetti A, Schimmenti A. Facing loneliness and anxiety during the COVID-19 isolation: the role of excessive social media use in a sample of Italian adults. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:586222. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.586222
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghanayem LK, Shannon H, Khodr L, McQuaid RJ, Hellemans KGC. Lonely and scrolling during the COVID-19 pandemic: understanding the problematic social media use and mental health link among university students. Front Psychiatry. 2024;15:1247807. doi:10.3389/FPSYT.2024.1247807/BIBTEX
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Villanti AC, Johnson AL, Ilakkuvan V, et al. Social media use and access to digital technology in US Young Adults in 2016. J Med Internet Res. 2017;19(6):e196. doi:10.2196/jmir.7303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shannon H, Bush K, Villeneuve PJ, et al. Problematic social media use in adolescents and young adults: systematic review and meta-analysis. JMIR Ment Heal. 2022;9:4.
   Google Scholar
• Vorderer P, Krömer N, Schneider FM. Permanently online - Permanently connected: explorations into university students’ use of social media and mobile smart devices. Comput Human Behav. 2016;63:694–703. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.085
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stockdale LA, Coyne SM. Bored and online: reasons for using social media, problematic social networking site use, and behavioral outcomes across the transition from adolescence to emerging adulthood. J Adolesc. 2020;79:173–183. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.01.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bucknell Bossen C, Kottasz R. Uses and gratifications sought by pre-adolescent and adolescent TikTok consumers. Young Consum. 2020;21(4):463–478. doi:10.1108/YC-07-2020-1186/FULL/XML
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith T, Pearce-Dunbar V. An exploratory study into the interplay of coolness and maladaptive social media use: identifying profiles of addiction-like symptoms among Jamaican users. Telem Inf Rep. 2023;11:100091. doi:10.1016/j.teler.2023.100091
   Google Scholar
• Peng P, Liao Y. Six addiction components of problematic social media use in relation to depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms: a latent profile analysis and network analysis. BMC Psychiatry. 2023;23(1):321. doi:10.1186/s12888-023-04837-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zarate D, Hobson BA, March E, et al. Psychometric properties of the Bergen social media addiction scale: an analysis using item response theory. Addict Behav Rep. 2023;17:100473. doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2022.100473
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Andreassen CS, Pallesen S. Social network site addiction - an overview. Curr Pharm Des. 2014;20(25):4053–4061. doi:10.2174/13816128113199990616
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fournier L, Schimmenti A, Musetti A, et al. Deconstructing the components model of addiction: an illustration through “addictive” use of social media. Addict Behav. 2023;143:107694. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107694
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas J, Verlinden M, Al Beyahi F, et al. Socio-demographic and attitudinal correlates of problematic social media use: analysis of Ithra’s 30-nation digital wellbeing survey. Front Psychiatry. 2022;13:850297. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.850297
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cunningham S, Hudson CC, Harkness K. Social media and depression symptoms: a meta-analysis. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol. 2021;49(2):241–253. doi:10.1007/s10802-020-00715-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jiang Y. Problematic social media usage and anxiety among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: the mediating role of psychological capital and the moderating role of academic burnout. Front Psychol. 2021;2021:12.
   Google Scholar
• Keles B, McCrae N, Grealish A. A systematic review: the influence of social media on depression, anxiety and psychological distress in adolescents. Int J Adolesc Youth. 2020;25(1):79–93. doi:10.1080/02673843.2019.1590851
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karim F, Oyewande A, Abdalla LF, et al. Social media use and its connection to mental health: a systematic review. Cureus. 2020;12:6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wickord LC, Quaiser-Pohl CM. Does the type of smartphone usage behavior influence problematic smartphone use and the related stress perception? Behav Sci. 2022;12(4):99. doi:10.3390/bs12040099
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sampasa-Kanyinga H, Lewis RF. Frequent use of social networking sites is associated with poor psychological functioning among children and adolescents. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Net. 2015;18(7):380–385. doi:10.1089/cyber.2015.0055
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolfers LN, Schneider FM. Using media for coping: a scoping review. Communic Res. 2021;48(8):1210–1234. doi:10.1177/0093650220939778
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorisdottir IE, Sigurvinsdottir R, Asgeirsdottir BB, et al. Active and passive social media use and symptoms of anxiety and depressed mood among Icelandic adolescents. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2019;22(8):535–542. doi:10.1089/cyber.2019.0079
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verduyn P, Gugushvili N, Massar K, et al. Social comparison on social networking sites. Curr Opin Psychol. 2020;36:32–37. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.04.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Du J, Kerkhof P, van Koningsbruggen GM. Predictors of social media self-control failure: immediate gratifications, habitual checking, ubiquity, and notifications. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2019;22(7):477–485. doi:10.1089/cyber.2018.0730
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Segrin C, Passalacqua SA. Functions of loneliness, social support, health behaviors, and stress in association with poor health. Health Commun. 2010;25(4):312–322. doi:10.1080/10410231003773334
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okruszek Ł, Aniszewska-Stańczuk A, Piejka A, Wiśniewska M, Żurek K. Safe but Lonely? Loneliness, anxiety, and depression symptoms and COVID-19. Front Psychol. 2020;11:579181. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.579181
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497–506. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang C. A meta-analysis of the problematic social media use and mental health. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2022;68(1):12–33. doi:10.1177/0020764020978434
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu P, Feng R, Zhang J. The relationship between loneliness and problematic social media usage in Chinese university students: a longitudinal study. BMC Psychol. 2024;12(1):1–14. doi:10.1186/S40359-023-01498-4/FIGURES/5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rus HM, Tiemensma J. Social media as a shield: Facebook buffers acute stress. Physiol Behav. 2018;185:46–54. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.12.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deters FG, Mehl MR. Does posting Facebook status updates increase or decrease loneliness? An online social networking experiment. Soc Psychol Personal Sci. 2013;4(5):579–586. doi:10.1177/1948550612469233
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin S, Liu D, Niu G, et al. Active social network sites use and loneliness: the mediating role of social support and self-esteem. Curr Psychol. 2022;41(3):1279–1286. doi:10.1007/s12144-020-00658-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin S, Yuan Z, Niu G, et al. Family matters more than friends on problematic social media use among adolescents: mediating roles of resilience and loneliness. Int J Ment Health Addict;2023. 1–19. doi:10.1007/s11469-023-01026-w
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hou XL, Wang HZ, Guo C, et al. Psychological resilience can help combat the effect of stress on problematic social networking site usage. Pers Individ Dif. 2017;109:61–66. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.12.048
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andreassen CS, Torbjørn T, Brunborg GS, et al. Development of a Facebook addiction scale. Psychol Rep. 2012;110(2):501–517. doi:10.2466/02.09.18.PR0.110.2.501-517
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffiths M. A “components” model of addiction within a biopsychosocial framework. J Subst Use. 2005;10(4):191–197. doi:10.1080/14659890500114359
   Google Scholar
• Williams JB. A structured interview guide for the Hamilton depression rating scale. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1988;45(8):742–747. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1988.01800320058007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, et al. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(10):1092–1097. doi:10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell D, Peplau LA, Ferguson ML. Developing a measure of loneliness. J Pers Assess. 1978;42(3):290–294. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4203_11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav. 1983;24(4):385–396. doi:10.2307/2136404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith BW, Dalen J, Wiggins K, et al. The brief resilience scale: assessing the ability to bounce back. Int J Behav Med. 2008;15(3):194–200. doi:10.1080/10705500802222972
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henzel V, Håkansson A. Hooked on virtual social life. Problematic social media use and associations with mental distress and addictive disorders. PLoS One. 2021;16(4):e0248406. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0248406
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coe E, Doy A, Enomoto K, et al. Gen Z mental health: the impact of tech and social media. McKinsey Health Instit. 2023;2023:1.
   Google Scholar
• Raudsepp L, Kais K. Longitudinal associations between problematic social media use and depressive symptoms in adolescent girls. Prev Med Rep. 2019;15:100925. doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.100925
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Course-Choi J, Hammond L. Social media use and adolescent well-being: a narrative review of longitudinal studies. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2021;24(4):223–236. doi:10.1089/cyber.2020.0020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Žmavc M, Šorgo A, Gabrovec B, et al. The protective role of resilience in the development of social media addiction in tertiary students and psychometric properties of the Slovenian Bergen social media addiction scale (BSMAS). Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(20):13178. doi:10.3390/ijerph192013178
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bilgin O, Tas I. Effects of perceived social support and psychological resilience on social media addiction among university students. Univers J Educ Res. 2018;6(4):751–758. doi:10.13189/ujer.2018.060418
   Google Scholar
• Valkenburg PM, Peter J. The differential susceptibility to media effects model. J Commun. 2013;63(2):221–243. doi:10.1111/jcom.12024
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfefferbaum B, North CS. Mental health and the covid-19 pandemic. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(6):510–512. doi:10.1056/NEJMp2008017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar