References
- Weiss SR, Navas-Martin S. Coronavirus pathogenesis and the emerging pathogen severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2005;69(4):635–664.
- Su S, Wong G, Shi W, et al. Epidemiology, genetic recombination, and pathogenesis of coronaviruses. Trends Microbiol. 2016;24(6):490–502.
- Coronavirus disease: what you need to know. Available from: https://www.afro.who.int/news/coronavirus-disease-what-you-need-know. Accessed August 3, 2021.
- Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(8):727–733.
- Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, et al. Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(13):1199–1207.
- Phan LT, Nguyen TV, Luong QC, et al. Importation and human-to-human transmission of a novel coronavirus in Vietnam. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(9):872–874.
- Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Situation Report – 130. Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200529-covid-19-sitrep-130.pdf?sfvrsn=bf7e7f0c_4. Accessed August 3, 2021.
- CDC. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). How COVID-19 spreads. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/how-covid-spreads.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fprepare%2Ftransmission.html. Accessed August 3, 2021.
- WHO. Modes of transmission of virus causing COVID-19: implications for IPC precaution recommendations; 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/modes-of-transmission-of-virus-causing-covid-19-implications-for-ipc-precaution-recommendations. Accessed August 3, 2021.
- Rabie T, Curtis V. Handwashing and risk of respiratory infections: a quantitative systematic review. Trop Med Int Heal. 2006;11(3):258–267.
- WHO. Clean care is safer care, clean hands protect against infection. Available from: https://www.who.int/gpsc/clean_hands_protection/en/. Accessed August 3, 2021.
- Case-management-guidelines_final-version-soft-copy, national guidelines for management of COVID-19. Available from: https://www.health.go.ug/covid/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/COVID-19_Case-Management-Guidelines_Final-Version-soft-copy_23April-2020.pdf. Accessed August 3, 2021.
- Curtis V, Schmidt W, Luby S, Florez R, Touré O, Biran A. Hygiene: new hopes, new horizons. Lancet Infect Dis. 2011;11(4):312–321.
- UNICEF. Everything you need to know about washing your hands to protect against coronavirus (COVID-19). Washing your hands can protect you and your loved ones. Available from: https://www.unicef.org/coronavirus/everything-you-need-know-about-washing-your-hands-protect-against-coronavirus-covid-19. Accessed August 3, 2021.
- Ejemot‐Nwadiaro RI, Ehiri JE, Arikpo D, Meremikwu MM, Critchley JA. Hand washing promotion for preventing diarrhoea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;9:12. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004265
- Curtis V, Cairncross S. Effect of washing hands with soap on diarrhoea risk in the community: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis. 2003;3(5):275–281. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00606-6.
- Stone S, Teare L, Cookson B. Guiding hands of our teachers. Hand-hygiene Liaison Group. Lancet. 2001;357(9254):479–480.
- Pittet D. Improving compliance with hand hygiene in hospitals. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2000;21(6):381–386.
- Pittet D. Compliance with hand disinfection and its impact on hospital-acquired infections. J Hosp Infect. 2001;48(Suppl A):S40–6.
- Kretzer EK, Larson EL. Behavioral interventions to improve infection control practices. Am J Infect Control. 1998;26(3):245–253.
- WHO. WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care. Geneva, Switzerland; 2009. Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241597906_eng.pdf. Accessed August 3, 2021.
- Hugonnet S, Pittet D. Hand hygiene revisited: lessons from the past and present. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2000;2(6):484–489. doi:10.1007/s11908-000-0048-2.
- Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Hygiene behaviour and health attitudes in African countries. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2012;25(2):149–154.
- World Health Organization. Progress on Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: 2017 Update and SDG Baselines; 2017. Available from: https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/launch-version-report-jmp-water-sanitation-hygiene.pdf. Accessed August 3, 2021.
- Wolf J, Johnston R, Freeman MC, et al. Handwashing with soap after potential faecal contact: global, regional and country estimates. Int J Epidemiol. 2019;48(4):1204–1218.
- VC Statement on the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic. The College of Engineering, Design, Art and TechnologyMakerere University. Available from: https://cedat.mak.ac.ug/news/vc-statement-on-the-coronavirus-disease-covid-19-epidemic/. Accessed August 3, 2021.
- World Medical Association. Declaration of Helsinki, Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects; 2008.
- McKibbin WJ, Fernando R. The Global Macroeconomic Impacts of COVID-19: Seven Scenarios. 2020.
- Nair SS, Hanumantappa R, Hiremath SG, Siraj MA, Raghunath P. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of hand hygiene among medical and nursing students at a Tertiary Health Care Centre in Raichur, India. ISRN Prev Med. 2014;2014:608927.
- Muiru HW. Knowledge, attitude and barriers to hands hygiene practice: a study of Kampala International University undergraduate medical students. Int J Community Med Public Heal. 2018;5(9):3782–3787.
- Howard A. Connecting with Communities: How Local Government is Using Social Media to Engage with Citizens. 2012.
- Atkin CK, Wallack L. Mass Communication and Public Health: Complexities and Conflicts. Vol. 121. Sage; 1990.
- Tao SY, Cheng YL, Lu Y, Hu YH, Chen DF. Handwashing behaviour among Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study in five provinces. Public Health. 2013;127(7):620–628.
- Uganda confirms first coronavirus case. Available from: https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Uganda-registers-first-Coronavirus-case/688334-5499930-13fqak2z/index.html. Accessed August 3, 2021.
- Al-Naggar RA, Al-Jashamy K. Perceptions and barriers of hands hygiene practice among medical science students in a medical school in Malaysia. Int Med J Malaysia. 2013;12:2.