Healthcare-Seeking Delays in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients: The Influence of Gender, Immigrant Status, and Educational Background

References

• GBD 2016 Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet. 2017;390(10100):1151–1210. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32152-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou M, Wang H, Zhu J, et al. Cause-specific mortality for 240 causes in China during 1990-2013: a systematic subnational analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2016;387(10015):251–272. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00551-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emberson J, Lees KR, Lyden P, et al. Effect of treatment delay, age, and stroke severity on the effects of intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase for acute ischaemic stroke: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomised trials. Lancet. 2014;384(9958):1929–1935. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60584-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabinstein AA. Update on Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke. Continuum. 2020;26(2):268–286. doi:10.1212/CON.0000000000000840
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chao B, Yan F, Hua Y, et al. Stroke prevention and control system in China: CSPPC-Stroke Program. Int J Stroke. 2021;16(3):265–272. doi:10.1177/1747493020913557
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans MRB, White P, Cowley P, Werring DJ. Revolution in acute ischaemic stroke care: a practical guide to mechanical thrombectomy. Practical Neurol. 2017;17(4):252–265. doi:10.1136/practneurol-2017-001685
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Teuschl Y, Brainin M. Stroke education: discrepancies among factors influencing prehospital delay and stroke knowledge. Int J Stroke. 2010;5(3):187–208. doi:10.1111/j.1747-4949.2010.00428.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim YS, Park S, Bae H, et al. Stroke awareness decreases prehospital delay after acute ischemic stroke in Korea. BMC Neurol. 2011;11:2. doi:10.1186/1471-2377-11-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• John M, Palmer P, Faile E, Broce M. Factors causing patients to delay seeking treatment after suffering a stroke. West Virginia Med J. 2005;101(1):12–15.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gao Z, Liu Q, Yang L, Zhu X. Identification of high-risk factors for prehospital delay for patients with stroke using the risk matrix methods. Front Public Health. 2022;10:858926. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.858926
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhou Y, Yang T, Gong Y, et al. Pre-hospital Delay after Acute Ischemic Stroke in Central Urban China: prevalence and Risk Factors. Mol Neurobiol. 2017;54(4):3007–3016. doi:10.1007/s12035-016-9750-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nepal G, Yadav JK, Basnet B, Shrestha TM, Kharel G, Ojha R. Status of prehospital delay and intravenous thrombolysis in the management of acute ischemic stroke in Nepal. BMC Neurol. 2019;19(1):155. doi:10.1186/s12883-019-1378-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Botelho A, Rios J, Fidalgo AP, Ferreira E, Nzwalo H. Organizational Factors Determining Access to Reperfusion Therapies in Ischemic Stroke-Systematic Literature Review. J Med. 2022;19.
   Google Scholar
• Sharobeam A, Jones B, Walton-Sonda D, Lueck CJ. Factors delaying intravenous thrombolytic therapy in acute ischaemic stroke: a systematic review of the literature. J Neurol. 2021;268(8):2723–2734. doi:10.1007/s00415-020-09803-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sobral S, Taveira I, Seixas R, et al. Late Hospital Arrival for Thrombolysis after Stroke in Southern Portugal: who Is at Risk? J Stroke Cerebrovascular Dis. 2019;28(4):900–905. doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.12.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shenzhen Municipality Bureau Of Statistics, Survey Office of the National Bureau of Statistics in Shenzhen. Shenzhen Statistical Yearbook 2022. Beijing: China statistics press; 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Yuan J, Lu ZK, Xiong X, et al. Age and geographic disparities in acute ischaemic stroke prehospital delays in China: a cross-sectional study using national stroke registry data. Lancet Regional Health. 2023;33:100693. doi:10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100693
   Google Scholar
• Fang J, Yan W, Jiang G, Li W, Cheng Q. Time interval between stroke onset and hospital arrival in acute ischemic stroke patients in Shanghai, China. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2011;113(2):85–88. doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2010.09.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang K, Tseng M, Tan T. Prehospital delay after acute stroke in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Stroke. 2004;35(3):700–704. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000117236.90827.17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mkoma GF, Norredam M, Iversen HK, Andersen G, Johnsen SP. Use of reperfusion therapy and time delay in patients with ischaemic stroke by immigration status: a register-based cohort study in Denmark. Eur J Neurol. 2022;29(7):1952–1962. doi:10.1111/ene.15303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith MA, Lisabeth LD, Bonikowski F, Morgenstern LB. The role of ethnicity, sex, and language on delay to hospital arrival for acute ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2010;41(5):905–909. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.578112
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vargas Bustamante A, Fang H, Rizzo JA, Ortega AN. Understanding observed and unobserved health care access and utilization disparities among US Latino adults. Med Care Res. 2009;66(5):561–577. doi:10.1177/1077558709338487
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lecouturier J, Rodgers H, Murtagh MJ, White M, Ford GA, Thomson RG. Systematic review of mass media interventions designed to improve public recognition of stroke symptoms, emergency response and early treatment. BMC Public Health. 2010;10:784. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-784
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Brien R, Hunt K, Hart G. ‘It’s caveman stuff, but that is to a certain extent how guys still operate’: men’s accounts of masculinity and help seeking. Soc Sci Med. 2005;61(3):503–516. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.12.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J, Schmitz N, Dewa C, Stansfeld S. Changes in perceived job strain and the risk of major depression: results from a population-based longitudinal study. Am J Epidemiol. 2009;169(9):1085–1091. doi:10.1093/aje/kwp037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westergaard ML, Glümer C, Hansen EH, Jensen RH. Medication overuse, healthy lifestyle behaviour and stress in chronic headache: results from a population-based representative survey. Cephalalgia. 2016;36(1):15–28. doi:10.1177/0333102415578430
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gu S, Dai Z, Shen H, et al. Delayed Stroke Treatment during COVID-19 Pandemic in China. Cerebrovascular Dis. 2021;50(6):715–721. doi:10.1159/000517075
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mirowsky J, Ross CE. Education, Health, and the Default American Lifestyle. J Health Social Behav. 2015;56(3):297–306. doi:10.1177/0022146515594814
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phelan JC, Link BG, Tehranifar P. Social conditions as fundamental causes of health inequalities: theory, evidence, and policy implications. J Health Social Behav. 2010;51 Suppl:S28–S40. doi:10.1177/0022146510383498
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berkman ND, Sheridan SL, Donahue KE, Halpern DJ, Crotty K. Low health literacy and health outcomes: an updated systematic review. Ann Internal Med. 2011;155(2):97–107. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-155-2-201107190-00005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakamoto Y, Yokota C, Miyashita F, et al. Effects of stroke education using an animated cartoon and a manga on elementary school children. J Stroke Cerebrovascular Dis. 2014;23(7):1877–1881. doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2014.02.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grech P, Grech R. The role of health promotion theories in Stroke Awareness and Education. Appl Nursing Res. 2021;58:151415. doi:10.1016/j.apnr.2021.151415
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolters FJ, Li L, Gutnikov SA, Mehta Z, Rothwell PM. Medical Attention Seeking After Transient Ischemic Attack and Minor Stroke Before and After the UK Face, Arm, Speech, Time (FAST) Public Education Campaign: results From the Oxford Vascular Study. JAMA Neurol. 2018;75(10):1225–1233. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.1603
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith EE, Dreyer P, Prvu-Bettger J, et al. Stroke center designation can be achieved by small hospitals: the Massachusetts experience. Critical Pathways Cardiol. 2008;7(3):173–177. doi:10.1097/HPC.0b013e318184e2bc
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Petty GW, Brown RD, Whisnant JP, Sicks JD, O’Fallon WM, Wiebers DO. Ischemic stroke subtypes: a population-based study of functional outcome, survival, and recurrence. Stroke. 2000;31(5):1062–1068. doi:10.1161/01.str.31.5.1062
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bamford J, Sandercock P, Dennis M, Burn J, Warlow C. Classification and natural history of clinically identifiable subtypes of cerebral infarction. Lancet. 1991;337(8756):1521–1526. doi:10.1016/0140-6736(91)93206-o
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desalu OO, Wahab KW, Fawale B, et al. A review of stroke admissions at a tertiary hospital in rural Southwestern Nigeria. Ann Af Med. 2011;10(2):80–85. doi:10.4103/1596-3519.82061
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mackey J, Kleindorfer D, Sucharew H, et al. Population-based study of wake-up strokes. Neurology. 2011;76(19):1662–1667. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e318219fb30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arboix A, García-Plata C, García-Eroles L, et al. Clinical study of 99 patients with pure sensory stroke. J Neurol. 2005;252(2):156–162. doi:10.1007/s00415-005-0622-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arboix A, Miguel M, Císcar E, García-Eroles L, Massons J, Balcells M. Cardiovascular risk factors in patients aged 85 or older with ischemic stroke. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2006;108(7):638–643. doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2005.10.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar