Perceived Causes and Effects of Overcrowding Among Nurses in the Emergency Departments of Tertiary Hospitals: A Multicenter Study

References

• Rasouli HR, Esfahani AA, Nobakht M, et al. Outcomes of crowding in emergency departments; a systematic review. Arch Acad Emerg Med. 2019;7:1.
   Google Scholar
• Kelen GD, Wolfe R, D’Onofrio G, et al. Emergency department crowding: the canary in the health care system. NEJM Catal Innov Care Deliv. 2021;2(5). doi:10.1056/cat.21.0158
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Overview of the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS). Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP). Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2021. Available from: www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/nedsoverview.jsp. Accessed September 2, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Barrett ML, Owens PL, Roemer M. Changes in emergency department visits in the initial period of the COVID-19 Pandemic (April–December 2020), 29 States. Statistical Brief #298. Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP). Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2022. Available from: www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/reports/statbriefs/sb298-COVID-19-ED-visits.jsp. Accessed April 18, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Alharbi AA, Muhayya M, Alkhudairy R, et al. The pattern of emergency department length of stay in Saudi Arabia: an epidemiological nationwide analyses of secondary surveillance data. Front Public Health. 2023;11:1265707. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1265707
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Qahtani MF, Khubrani FY. Exploring potential association between emergency department crowding status and patients’ length of stay at a university hospital in Saudi Arabia. Open Access Emerg Med. 2021;13:257–263. doi:10.2147/OAEM.S305885
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bozdağ Z. Operational Recommendations for using out of purpose emergency services and reducing out-of-purpose use: the case of Çorum Province [master’s thesis]. Corum, Turkey: Hitit University; 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Butun A, Kafdag EE, Gunduz H, et al. Emergency department overcrowding: causes and solutions. Emerg Crit Care Med. 2023;10:1097. doi:10.1097/EC9.0000000000000078
   Google Scholar
• Darraj A, Hudays A, Hazazi A, Hobani A, Alghamdi A. The association between emergency department overcrowding and delay in treatment: a systematic review. Healthcare. 2023;11(3):385. doi:10.3390/healthcare11030385
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sartini M, Carbone A, Demartini A, et al. Overcrowding in emergency department: causes, consequences, and solutions-a narrative review. Healthcare. 2022;10(9):1625. doi:10.3390/healthcare10091625
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen LC, Lin CC, Han CY, Hsieh CL, Wu CJ, Liang HF. An interpretative study on nurses’ perspectives of working in an overcrowded emergency department in Taiwan. Asian Nurs Res. 2018;12(1):62–68. doi:10.1016/j.anr.2018.02.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Ghabeesh SH, Thabet A, Rayan A, Abu-Snieneh HM. Qualitative study of challenges facing emergency departments nurses in Jordan. Heliyon. 2023;9(3):e14141. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14141
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Badr S, Nyce A, Awan T, Cortes D, Mowdawalla C, Rachoin JS. Measures of emergency department crowding, a systematic review. How to make sense of a long list. Open Access Emerg Med. 2022;14:5–14. doi:10.2147/OAEM.S338079
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindner G, Woitok BK. Emergency department overcrowding: analysis and strategies to manage an international phenomenon. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2021;133(5–6):229–233. doi:10.1007/s00508-019-01596-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yarmohammadian MH, Rezaei F, Haghshenas A, Tavakoli N. Overcrowding in emergency departments: a review of strategies to decrease future challenges. J Res Med Sci. 2017;22:23. doi:10.4103/1735-1995.200277
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abir M, Goldstick JE, Malsberger R, et al. Evaluating the impact of emergency department crowding on disposition patterns and outcomes of discharged patients. Int. J Emerg Med. 2019;12(1):4. doi:10.1186/s12245-019-0223-1
   Google Scholar
• Improta G, Majolo M, Raiola E, Russo G, Longo G, Triassi M. A case study to investigate the impact of overcrowding indices in emergency departments. BMC Emerg Med. 2022;22(1):143. doi:10.1186/s12873-022-00703-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morley C, Unwin M, Peterson GM, Stankovich J, Kinsman L. Emergency department crowding: a systematic review of causes, consequences and solutions. PLoS One. 2018;13(8):e0203316. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0203316
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savioli G, Ceresa IF, Gri N, et al. Emergency department overcrowding: understanding the factors to find corresponding solutions. J Pers Med. 2022;12(2):279. doi:10.3390/jpm12020279
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones SS, Allen TL, Flottemesch TJ, Welch SJ. An independent evaluation of four quantitative emergency department crowding scales. Acad Emerg Med. 2006;13(11):1204–1211. doi:10.1197/j.aem.2006.05.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Getachew M, Musa I, Degefu N, Beza L, Hawlte B, Asefa F. Emergency department overcrowding and its associated factors at HARME medical emergency center in Eastern Ethiopia. Afr. J Emerg Med. 2024;14(1):26–32. doi:10.1016/j.afjem.2023.12.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma R, Prakash A, Chauhan R, Dhibar DP. Overcrowding an encumbrance for an emergency health-care system: a perspective of health-care providers from tertiary care center in Northern India. J Educ Health Promot. 2021;10:5. doi:10.4103/jehp.jehp_289_20
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jones P, Wells S, Harper A, et al. Impact of a national time target for ED length of stay on patient outcomes. N. Z Med J. 2017;130(1455):15–34.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Berg LM, Ehrenberg A, Florin J, Östergren J, Discacciati A, Göransson KE. Associations between crowding and ten-day mortality among patients allocated lower triage acuity levels without need of acute hospital care on departure from the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 2019;74(3):345–356. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2019.04.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu D, Zhou X, Ye L, Gan J, Zhang M. Emergency department crowding and the performance of damage control resuscitation in major trauma patients with hemorrhagic shock. Acad Emerg Med. 2015;22(8):915–921. doi:10.1111/acem.12726
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kobayashi KJ, Knuesel SJ, White BA, et al. Impact on length of stay of a hospital medicine emergency department boarder service. J Hosp Med. 2020;15(3):147–153. doi:10.12788/jhm.3337
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Quality of Care. Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/quality-of-care. Accessed April 18, 2024.
   Google Scholar
• Legramante JM, Morciano L, Lucaroni F, et al. Frequent use of emergency departments by the elderly population when continuing care is not well established. PLoS One. 2016;11(12):e0165939. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0165939
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khubrani FY, Al-Qahtani MF. Association between emergency department overcrowding and mortality at a teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia. Open Public Health J. 2020;13(1):756–762. doi:10.2174/1874944502013010756
   Google Scholar
• Alhussain ZIA, Alghamdi MAA, Ahmad RM, et al. Awareness of Saudi population about the role of the emergency rooms. Int J Med Sci Public Health. 2019;8:89–95.
   Google Scholar
• Salway RJ, Valenzuela R, Shoenberger JM, Mallon WK, Viccellio A. Emergency department (ED) overcrowding: evidence-based answers to frequently asked questions. RevMédClín Las Condes. 2017;28(2):213–219. doi:10.1016/j.rmclc.2017.04.008
   Google Scholar
• Taber KS. The use of Cronbach’s alpha when developing and reporting research instruments in science education. Res Sci Educ. 2018;48(6):1273–1296. doi:10.1007/s11165-016-9602-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Surimi K, Yenugadhati N, Shaheen N, Althagafi M, Alsalamah M. Epidemiology of frequent visits to the emergency department at a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia: rate, visitors’ characteristics, and associated factors. Int. J Gen Med. 2021;14:909–921. doi:10.2147/IJGM.S299531
   Google Scholar
• McKenna P, Heslin SM, Viccellio P, Mallon WK, Hernandez C, Morley EJ. Emergency department and hospital crowding: causes, consequences, and cures. Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2019;6(3):189–195. doi:10.15441/ceem.18.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belayneh AG, Temachu YZ, Messelu MA, Gebrie MH. Prolonged length of stay and its associated factors at adult emergency department in Amhara region comprehensive specialized hospitals, northwest Ethiopia. BMC Emerg Med. 2023;23(1):34. doi:10.1186/s12873-023-00804-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green D, Ruel J. Impact of advanced practice prehospital programs on health care costs and ed overcrowding: a literature review. Adv. Emerg Nurs J. 2020;42(2):128–136. doi:10.1097/TME.0000000000000291
   Google Scholar
• Rozo JA, Olson DM, Thu HS, Stutzman SE. Situational factors associated with burnout among emergency department nurses. Workplace Health Saf. 2017;65(6):262–265. doi:10.1177/2165079917705669
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter EJ, Pouch SM, Larson EL. The relationship between emergency department crowding and patient outcomes: a systematic review. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2014;46(2):106–115. doi:10.1111/jnu.12055
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips JL, Jackson BE, Fagan EL, et al. Overcrowding and its association with patient outcomes in a median-low volume emergency department. J. Clin Med Res. 2017;9(11):911–916. doi:10.14740/jocmr3165w
   Google Scholar
• Maninchedda M, Proia AS, Bianco L, Aromatario M, Orsi GB, Napoli C. Main features and control strategies to reduce overcrowding in emergency departments: a systematic review of the literature. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2023;2023(16):255–266. doi:10.2147/RMHP.S399045
   Google Scholar
• Gao Z, Qi X, Zhang X, et al. Developing and validating an emergency triage model using machine learning algorithms with medical big data. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2022;2022(15):1545–1551. doi:10.2147/RMHP.S355176
   Google Scholar