“Brain drain” and “brain waste”: experiences of international medical graduates in Ontario

Aisha Lofters1 Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;2 Department of Family and Community Medicine, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada;3 Centre for Research on Inner City Health, The Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada;4 Canadian Institutes of Health Research Strategic Training Fellowship, Transdisciplinary Understanding and Training on Research – Primary Health Care Program, LondonCorrespondence[email protected]

Morgan Slater2 Department of Family and Community Medicine, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada

Nishit Fumakia2 Department of Family and Community Medicine, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada

Naomi Thulien5 Lawrence S Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

Pages 81-89 | Published online: 12 May 2014

Cite this article
CrossMark

Full Article
Figures & data
References
Citations
Metrics
Licensing
Reprints & Permissions
View PDF PDF

References

DovloDTaking more than a fair share? The migration of health professionals from poor to rich countriesPLoS Med200525e10915916458
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
KondroWCanada’s physician density remains stagnantCMAJ2006175546516940259
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
World Health Organization10 facts on health workforce crisisGeneva, SwitzerlandWorld Health Organization2008 Available from: http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/health_workforce/en/index.htmlAccessed March 31, 2014
Google Scholar
ScottMLWhelanADewdneyJZwiAB“Brain drain” or ethical recruitment?Med J Aust2004180417417614960139
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
ConnellJZurnPStilwellBAwasesMBraichetJMSub-Saharan Africa: beyond the health worker migration crisis?Soc Sci Med20076491876189117316943
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
ShuchmanMEconomist challenges recruiting hyperboleCMAJ2008178554354418299538
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
MullanFThe metrics of the physician brain drainN Engl J Med2005353171810181816251537
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
GoffeLAn exodus of doctors: wealthy countries snapping up Jamaican physiciansThe Jamaica Observer1162005
Google Scholar
Regional Core Health Data SystemCountry Profile: JamaicaHealth in the AmericasKingston, JamaicaPan-American Health Organization1998
Google Scholar
LoftersASlaterMThulienNThe “brain drain”: factors influencing physician migration to CanadaHealth201351125137
Google Scholar
SyedNAKhimaniFAndradesMAliSKPaulRReasons for migration among medical students from KarachiMed Educ2008421616818042189
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
PangTLansangMAHainesABrain drain and health professionalsBMJ200232449950011872536
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
World Health OrganizationMigration of health workers: Fact sheet no 301 2010Geneva, SwitzerlandWorld Health Organization2013 Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs301/en/index.htmlAccessed March 31, 2014
Google Scholar
CarrSCInksonKThornKFrom global careers to talent flow: reinterpreting ‘brain drain’Journal of World Business200540386398
Web of Science ®Google Scholar
SchreckerTLabonteRTaming the brain drain: a challenge for public health systems in Southern AfricaInt J Occup Environ Health200410440941515702755
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
Health Force OntarioLicensing information for international medical graduates (IMGs) living in Ontario Available from: http://www.healthforceontario.ca/en/Home/Physicians/Training_%7C_Practising_Outside_Ontario/International_Medical_Graduate_Living_in_OntarioAccessed March 31, 2014
Google Scholar
American Medical AssociationState Licensure Board Requirements for IMG Available from: http://www.ama-assn.org//ama/pub/about-ama/our-people/member-groups-sections/international-medical-graduates/practicing-medicine/state-licensure-board-requirements-img.pageAccessed March 31, 2014
Google Scholar
JollyPBouletJGarrisonGSignerMMParticipation in US graduate medical education by graduates of international medical schoolsAcad Med201186555956421436667
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
National Resident Matching ProgramResults and Data: 2013 Main Residency Match^®Washington, DC, USANational Resident Matching Program2013 Available from: http://b83c73bcf0e7ca356c80e8560f466940e4ec38ed51af32994bc6.r6.cf1.rackcdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/resultsanddata2013.pdfAccessed March 31, 2014
Google Scholar
CooperRAPhysician migration: a challenge for America, a challenge for the worldJ Contin Educ Health Prof200525181416078797
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
ThomsonGCohlKIMG Selection: Independent Review of Access to Postgraduate Programs by International Medical Graduates in Ontario 2011 Available from: http://www.health.gov.on.ca/en/common/ministry/publications/reports/thomson/v1_thomson.pdfAccessed March 31, 2014
Google Scholar
CreswellJWFettersMDIvankovaNVDesigning a mixed methods study in primary careAnn Fam Med20042171215053277
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
World BankCountry and Lending Groups – Data 2013 Available from: http://data.worldbank.org/about/country-classifications/country-and-lending-groupsAccessed March 31, 2014
Google Scholar
CreswellJWResearch Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Method Approaches4th edThousand Oaks, CA, USASage Publications2014
Google Scholar
LopesCRestrictions on health worker migration proving problematicCMAJ2008178326927018227436
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
NguyenLRopersSNderituEZuyderduinALubogaSHagopianAIntent to migrate among nursing students in Uganda: measures of the brain drain in the next generation of health professionalsHum Resour Health20086518267034
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
EdgeJSHoffmanSJEmpirical impact evaluation of the WHO Global Code of Practice on the International Recruitment of Health Personnel in Australia, Canada, UK and USAGlobal Health201396024228827
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
KuehnBMGlobal shortage of health workers, brain drain stress developing countriesJAMA2007298161853185517954532
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
BourgeaultILNeitermanELeBrunJBrain gain, drain and waste: the experiences of internationally educated health professionals in CanadaOttawa, ON, CanadaUniversity of Ottawa2010 Available from: http://www.threesource.ca/documents/February2011/brain_drain.pdfAccessed March 31, 2014
Google Scholar
HumphriesNTyrrellEMcAleeseSA cycle of brain gain, waste and drain – a qualitative study of non-EU migrant doctors in IrelandHum Resour Health2013116324321432
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
SheikhANaqviSHSheikhKNaqviSHBandukdaMYPhysician migration at its roots: a study on the factors contributing towards a career choice abroad among students at a medical school in PakistanGlobal Health201284323241435
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.

People also read
Recommended articles
Cited by

To cite this article:

Reference style: APA Chicago Harvard

Citation copied to clipboard

Reference styles above use APA (6th edition), Chicago (16th edition) & Harvard (10th edition)

Download citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by citation management software including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks and Reference Manager.

Choose format: RIS BibTex RefWorks Direct Export

Choose options: Citation Citation & abstract Citation & references

“Brain drain” and “brain waste”: experiences of international medical graduates in Ontario

References

Information for

Open access

Opportunities

Help and information

Your download is now in progress and you may close this window

Login or register to access this feature

“Brain drain” and “brain waste”: experiences of international medical graduates in Ontario

References

Related research

To cite this article:

Download citation

Information for

Open access

Opportunities

Help and information

Keep up to date