92
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Combination chemoprophylaxis and immunoprophylaxis in reducing the incidence of leprosy

&
Pages 43-53 | Published online: 27 Apr 2016

References

  • VisschedijkJvan de BroekJEggensHLeverPvan BeersSKlatserPMycobacterium leprae – millennium resistant! Leprosy control on the threshold of a new eraTrop Med Int Health20005638839910929137
  • JacobJTFranco-ParedesCThe stigmatization of leprosy in India and its impact on future approaches to elimination and controlPLoS Negl Trop Dis200821e11318235845
  • CrossHInterventions to address the stigma associated with leprosy: a perspective on the issuesPsychol Health Med200611336737317130073
  • RidleyDSJoplingWHClassification of leprosy according to immunity. A five-group systemInt J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis19663432552735950347
  • ScollardDMClassification of leprosy: a full color spectrum, or black and white?Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis200472216616815301586
  • WHOGlobal leprosy situation, 2010Wkly Epidemiol Rec2010853533734820830851
  • Global leprosy update, 2014: need for early case detectionWkly Epidemiol Rec2015903646147426343055
  • BakkerMIHattaMKwenangARisk factors for developing leprosy – a population-based cohort study in IndonesiaLepr Rev2006771486116715690
  • MoetFJPahanDSchuringRPOskamLRichardusJHPhysical distance, genetic relationship, age, and leprosy classification are independent risk factors for leprosy in contacts of patients with leprosyJ Infect Dis2006193334635316388481
  • GoulartIMBernardes SouzaDOMarquesCRPimentaVLGoncalvesMAGoulartLRRisk and protective factors for leprosy development determined by epidemiological surveillance of household contactsClin Vaccine Immunol200815110110517989339
  • BakkerMIHattaMKwenangAKlatserPROskamLEpidemiology of leprosy on five isolated islands in the Flores Sea, IndonesiaTrop Med Int Health20027978078712225510
  • BrookCEBeauclairRNgwenyaOSpatial heterogeneity in projected leprosy trends in IndiaParasit Vectors2015854226490137
  • SalgadoCGFerreiraDVFradeMAGuimarães LdeSda SilvaMBBarretoJGHigh anti-phenolic glycolipid-I IgM titers and hidden leprosy cases, Amazon regionEmerg Infect Dis201218588989022515845
  • BarretoJGGuimaraes LdeSFradeMARosaPSSalgadoCGHigh rates of undiagnosed leprosy and subclinical infection amongst school children in the Amazon RegionMem Inst Oswaldo Cruz2012107Suppl 1606723283455
  • SmithWCvan BrakelWGillisTSaundersonPRichardusJHThe missing millions: a threat to the elimination of leprosyPLoS Negl Trop Dis201594e000365825905706
  • JobCKJayakumarJKearneyMGillisTPTransmission of leprosy: a study of skin and nasal secretions of household contacts of leprosy patients using PCRAm J Trop Med Hyg200878351852118337353
  • WeddellGPalmerEThe pathogenesis of leprosy. An experimental approachLepr Rev196334576113999438
  • JobCKJayakumarJAschhoffM“Large numbers” of Mycobacterium leprae are discharged from the intact skin of lepromatous patients; a preliminary reportInt J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis199967216416710472371
  • ShepardCCAcid-fast bacilli in nasal excretions in leprosy, and results of inoculation of miceAm J Hyg19607114715714445823
  • PedleyJCThe nasal mucus in leprosyLepr Rev197344133354584261
  • Naves MdeMRibeiroFAPatrocinioLGPatrocinioJAFleuryRNGoulartIMBacterial load in the nose and its correlation to the immune response in leprosy patientsLepr Rev2013841859123741885
  • ReesRJMcDougallACAirborne infection with Mycobacterium leprae in miceJ Med Microbiol19771016368320339
  • AraujoSLobatoJReis EdeMUnveiling healthy carriers and subclinical infections among household contacts of leprosy patients who play potential roles in the disease chain of transmissionMem Inst Oswaldo Cruz2012107Suppl 1555923283454
  • ShepardCCLevyLFasalPRapid bactericidal effect of rifampin on Mycobacterium lepraeAm J Trop Med Hyg19722144464494559066
  • ShepardCCLevyLFasalPFurther experience with the rapid bactericidal effect of rifampin on Mycobacterium lepraeAm J Trop Med Hyg1974236112011244611256
  • GrossetJHGuelpa-LaurasCCBobinPStudy of 39 documented relapses of multibacillary leprosy after treatment with rifampinInt J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis19895736076142674301
  • WilliamsDLGillisTPMolecular detection of drug resistance in Mycobacterium lepraeLepr Rev200475211813015282962
  • MatsuokaMBudiawanTAyeKSThe frequency of drug resistance mutations in Mycobacterium leprae isolates in untreated and relapsed leprosy patients from Myanmar, Indonesia and the PhilippinesLepr Rev200778434335218309708
  • MatsuokaMKashiwabaraYNamisatoMA Mycobacterium leprae isolate resistant to dapsone, rifampin, ofloxacin and sparfloxacinInt J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis200068445245511332288
  • ManjunathaUHLahiriRRandhawaBDowdCSKrahenbuhlJLBarryCE3rdMycobacterium leprae is naturally resistant to PA-824Antimicrob Agents Chemother200650103350335417005816
  • YouEYKangTJKimSKLeeSBChaeGTMutations in genes related to drug resistance in Mycobacterium leprae isolates from leprosy patients in KoreaJ Infect200550161115603834
  • WHOMeeting on Sentinel Surveillance for Drug Resistance in LeprosyGenevaWorld Health Organization2011
  • JiBJametPSowSPeraniEGTraoreIGrossetJHHigh relapse rate among lepromatous leprosy patients treated with rifampin plus ofloxacin daily for 4 weeksAntimicrob Agents Chemother1997419195319569303392
  • CambauEBonnafousPPeraniESougakoffWJiBJarlierVMolecular detection of rifampin and ofloxacin resistance for patients who experience relapse of multibacillary leprosyClin Infect Dis2002341394511731943
  • MaedaSMatsuokaMNakataNMultidrug resistant Mycobacterium leprae from patients with leprosyAntimicrob Agents Chemother200145123635363911709358
  • MatsuokaMKashiwabaraYLiangfenZGotoMKitajimaSA second case of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium leprae isolated from a Japanese patient with relapsed lepromatous leprosyInt J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis200371324024314608820
  • GelberRHBalagonVFCellonaRVThe relapse rate in MB leprosy patients treated with 2-years of WHO-MDT is not lowInt J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis200472449350015755209
  • HonradoERTalloVBalisACChanGPChoSNNoncompliance with the world health organization-multidrug therapy among leprosy patients in Cebu, Philippines: its causes and implications on the leprosy control programDermatol Clin200826222122918346553
  • CellonaRVBalagonMFdela CruzECLong-term efficacy of 2 year WHO multiple drug therapy (MDT) in multibacillary (MB) leprosy patientsInt J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis200371430831914763888
  • GirdharBKGirdharAKumarARelapses in multibacillary leprosy patients: effect of length of therapyLepr Rev200071214415310920610
  • NormanGJosephGRichardJRelapses in multibacillary patients treated with multi-drug therapy until smear negativity: findings after twenty yearsInt J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis20047211715217321
  • MalathiMThappaDMFixed-duration therapy in leprosy: limitations and opportunitiesIndian J Dermatol20135829310023716796
  • RajuMSJohnASKuipersPWhat stops people completing multi-drug therapy? Ranked perspectives of people with leprosy, their head of family and neighbours – across four Indian statesLepr Rev201586162026065144
  • JiBGrossetJCombination of rifapentine-moxifloxacin-minocycline (PMM) for the treatment of leprosyLepr Rev2000Suppl 71S81S8711201894
  • JiBJametPPeraniEGBactericidal activity of single dose of clarithromycin plus minocycline, with or without ofloxacin, against Mycobacterium leprae in patientsAntimicrob Agents Chemother1996409213721418878595
  • ChanGPGarcia-IgnacioBYChavezVEClinical trial of clarithromycin for lepromatous leprosyAntimicrob Agents Chemother19943835155178203847
  • CostaMBCavalcanti NetoPFMartelliCMDistinct histopathological patterns in single lesion leprosy patients treated with single dose therapy (ROM) in the Brazilian Multicentric StudyInt J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis200169317718611875761
  • FajardoTTJrVillahermosaLGdela CruzECAbalosRMFranzblauSGWalshGPMinocycline in lepromatous leprosyInt J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis19956318177730723
  • GelberRHMurrayLPSiuPTsangMReaTHEfficacy of minocycline in single dose and at 100 mg twice daily for lepromatous leprosyInt J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis19946245685737868955
  • GelberRHFukudaKByrdSA clinical trial of minocycline in lepromatous leprosyBMJ1992304681991921737148
  • GrossetJHJiBHGuelpa-LaurasCCPeraniEGN’DeliLNClinical trial of pefloxacin and ofloxacin in the treatment of lepromatous leprosyInt J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis19905822812952198315
  • BalagonMFCellonaRVAbalosRMGelberRHSaundersonPRThe efficacy of a four-week, ofloxacin-containing regimen compared with standard WHO-MDT in PB leprosyLepr Rev2010811273320496567
  • GelberRHChemotherapy of lepromatous leprosy: recent developments and prospects for the futureEur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis199413119429527698121
  • GelberRHSiuPTsangMRichardVChehlSKMurrayLPActivity of combinations of dapsone, rifampin, minocycline, clarithromycin, and sparfloxacin against M. leprae-infected miceInt J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis19956322592647602221
  • JiBGrossetJOfloxacin for the treatment of leprosyActa Leprol1991743213261950440
  • JiBPeraniEGPetinomCN’DeliLGrossetJHClinical trial of ofloxacin alone and in combination with dapsone plus clofazimine for treatment of lepromatous leprosyAntimicrob Agents Chemother19943846626678031029
  • ConsignySBentouchaABonnafousPGrossetJJiBBactericidal activities of HMR 3647, moxifloxacin, and rifapentine against Mycobacterium leprae in miceAntimicrob Agents Chemother200044102919292110991891
  • JiBChauffourAAndriesKJarlierVBactericidal activities of R207910 and other newer antimicrobial agents against Mycobacterium leprae in miceAntimicrob Agents Chemother20065041558156016569884
  • BurgosJde la CruzEParedesRAndayaCRGelberRHThe activity of several newer antimicrobials against logarithmically multiplying M. leprae in miceLepr Rev201182325325822125933
  • KatochKKatochVMNatrajanM10–12 years follow-up of highly bacillated BL/LL leprosy patients on combined chemotherapy and immunotherapyVaccine20042227–283649365715315844
  • NarangTKaurIKumarBRadotraBDDograSComparative evaluation of immunotherapeutic efficacy of BCG and mw vaccines in patients of borderline lepromatous and lepromatous leprosyInt J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis200573210511416830653
  • BrowneSGSelf-healing leprosy: report on 2749 patientsLepr Rev19744521041114417433
  • EkambaramVSithambaramMSelf-healing in non-lepromatous leprosy in the area of the ELEP Leprosy Control Project Dharmapuri (Tamil Nadu)Lepr India1977493387392592741
  • BakkerMIHattaMKwenangAPrevention of leprosy using rifampicin as chemoprophylaxisAm J Trop Med Hyg200572444344815827283
  • SmithWCChemoprophylaxis in the prevention of leprosyBMJ2008336764773073118390497
  • MoetFJOskamLFaberRPahanDRichardusJHA study on transmission and a trial of chemoprophylaxis in contacts of leprosy patients: design, methodology and recruitment findings of COLEPLepr Rev200475437638815682975
  • VijayakumaranPKrishnamurthyPRaoPDeclerqEChemoprophylaxis against leprosy: expectations and methodology of a trialLepr Rev2000Suppl 71S37S40 discussion S–111201885
  • NguyenLNCartelJLGrossetJHChemoprophylaxis of leprosy in the southern Marquesas with a single 25 mg/kg dose of rifampicin. Results after 10 yearsLepr Rev2000Suppl 71S33S35 discussion S5–S611201884
  • DilettoCBlancLLevyLLeprosy chemoprophylaxis in MicronesiaLepr Rev2000Suppl 71S21S33 discussion S4–S511201881
  • SmithCMSmithWCChemoprophylaxis is effective in the prevention of leprosy in endemic countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. MILEP2 Study Group. Mucosal immunology of leprosyJ Infect200041213714211023757
  • TinKPopulation screening and chemoprophylaxis for household contacts of leprosy patients in the Republic of the Marshall IslandsInt J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis199967Suppl 4S26S2910700934
  • DaulakoECPopulation screening and mass chemoprophylaxis in KiribatiInt J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis1999674 SupplS23S2510700933
  • MoetFJSchuringRPPahanDOskamLRichardusJHThe prevalence of previously undiagnosed leprosy in the general population of northwest BangladeshPLoS Negl Trop Dis200822e19818301731
  • MoetFJPahanDOskamLRichardusJHCOLEP Study GroupEffectiveness of single dose rifampicin in preventing leprosy in close contacts of patients with newly diagnosed leprosy: cluster randomised controlled trialBMJ2008336764776176418332051
  • SetiaMSSteinmausCHoCSRutherfordGWThe role of BCG in prevention of leprosy: a meta-analysisLancet Infect Dis20066316217016500597
  • MerleCSCunhaSSRodriguesLCBCG vaccination and leprosy protection: review of current evidence and status of BCG in leprosy controlExpert Rev Vaccines20109220922220109030
  • BehrMAWilsonMAGillWPComparative genomics of BCG vaccines by whole-genome DNA microarrayScience199928454191520152310348738
  • ZodpeySPBansodBSShrikhandeSNMaldhureBRKulkarniSWProtective effect of Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) against leprosy: a population-based case-control study in Nagpur, IndiaLepr Rev199970328729410603718
  • ZodpeySPAmbadekarNNThakurAEffectiveness of Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccination in the prevention of leprosy: a population-based case-control study in Yavatmal District, IndiaPublic Health2005119320921615661132
  • RodriguesLCKerr-PontesLRFrietasMVBarretoMLLong lasting BCG protection against leprosyVaccine20072539–406842684417728023
  • FischerEAde VlasSJHabbemaJDRichardusJHThe long-term effect of current and new interventions on the new case detection of leprosy: a modeling studyPLoS Negl Trop Dis201159e133021949895
  • ConvitJSampsonCZúñigaMImmunoprophylactic trial with combined Mycobacterium leprae/BCG vaccine against leprosy: preliminary resultsLancet199233987914464501346818
  • KarongaPreventionTrialGroupRandomised controlled trial of single BCG, repeated BCG, or combined BCG and killed Mycobacterium leprae vaccine for prevention of leprosy and tuberculosis in MalawiLancet1996348901917248691924
  • WHOGlobal tuberculosis programme and global programme on vaccines. Statement on BCG revaccination for the prevention of tuberculosisWkly Epidemiol Rec199570322292317669527
  • RodriguesLCPereiraSMCunhaSSEffect of BCG revaccination on incidence of tuberculosis in school-aged children in Brazil: the BCG-REVAC cluster-randomised trialLancet200536694931290129516214599
  • BarretoMLPereiraSMFerreiraAABCG vaccine: efficacy and indications for vaccination and revaccinationJ Pediatr (Rio J)2006823 SupplS45S5416826312
  • DüppreNCCamachoLAda CunhaSSEffectiveness of BCG vaccination among leprosy contacts: a cohort studyTrans R Soc Trop Med Hyg2008102763163818514242
  • CunhaSSAlexanderNBarretoMLBCG revaccination does not protect against leprosy in the Brazilian Amazon: a cluster randomised trialPLoS Negl Trop Dis200822e16718270542
  • van BrakelWCrossHDeclercqEReview of leprosy research evidence (2002–2009) and implications for current policy and practiceLepr Rev201081322827521067065
  • OharaNMatsuokaMNomaguchiHNaitoMYamadaTInhibition of multiplication of Mycobacterium leprae in mouse foot pads by recombinant Bacillus Catmette-Guérin (BCG)Vaccine200018141294129710618524
  • OharaNMatsuokaMNomaguchiHNaitoMYamadaTProtective responses against experimental Mycobacterium leprae infection in mice induced by recombinant Bacillus Calmette-Guerin overproducing three putative protective antigen candidatesVaccine20011915–161906191011228360
  • MakinoMMaedaYIshiiNImmunostimulatory activity of major membrane protein-II from Mycobacterium lepraeCell Immunol20052331536015885677
  • MakinoMMaedaYInagakiKImmunostimulatory activity of recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG that secretes major membrane protein II of Mycobacterium lepraeInfect Immun200674116264627117057093
  • GillisTPTulliusMVHorwitzMArBCG30-induced immunity and cross-protection against Mycobacterium leprae challenge are enhanced by boosting with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis 30-kilodalton antigen 85BInfect Immun20148293900390925001602
  • GupteMDVallishayeeRSAnantharamanDSComparative leprosy vaccine trial in south IndiaIndian J Lepr199870436938810189587
  • SreevatsaDesikanKVEvaluation of the efficacy of candidate vaccines against M. leprae infection in miceIndian J Lepr19886022522593192974
  • BhideMBPradhanKSBapatCVA vaccine from ICRC bacilli against M. leprae infection in mouse foot-padLepr India1978503334344359922
  • SharmaPMukherjeeRTalwarGPImmunoprophylactic effects of the anti-leprosy Mw vaccine in household contacts of leprosy patients: clinical field trials with a follow up of 8–10 yearsLepr Rev200576212714316038246
  • RichardusRAAlamKPahanDFeenstraSGGelukARichardusJHThe combined effect of chemoprophylaxis with single dose rifampicin and immunoprophylaxis with BCG to prevent leprosy in contacts of newly diagnosed leprosy cases: a cluster randomized controlled trial (MALTALEP study)BMC Infect Dis20131345624088534
  • GelberRHBrennanPJHunterSWEffective vaccination of mice against leprosy bacilli with subunits of Mycobacterium lepraeInfect Immun19905837117182407654
  • NgamyingMSawanpanyalertPButrapornREffect of vaccination with refined components of the organism on infection of mice with Mycobacterium lepraeInfect Immun20037131596159812595485
  • BrittonWJMartinEKamathATNeupaneKDRochePWImmunoprophylaxis against Mycobacterium leprae infection with subunit vaccinesLepr Rev2000Suppl 71S176S18111201878
  • RochePWNeupaneKDFailbusSSKamathABrittonWJVaccination with DNA of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis 85B antigen protects mouse foot pad against infection with M. lepraeInt J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis2001692939811757171
  • NomaguchiHMukaiTTakeshitaFEffect of hsp65 DNA vaccination carrying immunostimulatory DNA sequences (CpG motifs) against Mycobacterium leprae multiplication in miceInt J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis200270318219012483966
  • GelberRHMehraVBloomBVaccination with pure Mycobacterium leprae proteins inhibits M. leprae multiplication in mouse footpadsInfect Immun19946210425042557927681
  • NaitoMMatsuokaMOharaNNomaguchiHYamadaTThe antigen 85 complex vaccine against experimental Mycobacterium leprae infection in miceVaccine1999189–1079579810580191
  • NgamyingMVarachitPPhaknilratPLevyLBrennanPJChoSNEffects of vaccination with several mycobacterial proteins and lipoproteins on Mycobacterium leprae infection of the mouseInt J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis2001691434511480318
  • ColeSTEiglmeierKParkhillJMassive gene decay in the leprosy bacillusNature200140968231007101111234002
  • DuthieMSSampaioLHOliveiraRMDevelopment and pre-clinical assessment of a 73 kD chimeric fusion protein as a defined sub-unit vaccine for leprosyVaccine201331581381923228811
  • DuthieMSColerRNLauranceJDProtection against Mycobacterium leprae infection by the ID83/GLA-SE and ID93/GLA-SE vaccines developed for tuberculosisInfect Immun20148293979398525024362
  • SchreuderPALibenDSWahjuniSVan Den BroekJDe SoldenhoffRA comparison of Rapid Village Survey and Leprosy Elimination Campaign, detection methods in two districts of East Java, Indonesia, 1997/1998 and 1999/2000Lepr Rev200273436637512549844
  • OskamLSlimEBührer-SékulaSSerology: recent developments, strengths, limitations and prospects: a state of the art overviewLepr Rev200374319620514577464
  • ReeceSTIretonGMohamathRML0405 and ML2331 are antigens of Mycobacterium leprae with potential for diagnosis of leprosyClin Vaccine Immunol200613333334016522774
  • DuthieMSGotoWIretonGCUse of protein antigens for early serological diagnosis of leprosyClin Vaccine Immunol200714111400140817898185
  • SampaioLHStefaniMMOliveiraRMImmunologically reactive M. leprae antigens with relevance to diagnosis and vaccine developmentBMC Infect Dis2011112621269435
  • HungriaEMde OliveiraRMde SouzaALSeroreactivity to new Mycobacterium leprae protein antigens in different leprosy-endemic regions in BrazilMem Inst Oswaldo Cruz2012107Suppl 110411123283461
  • GelukADuthieMSSpencerJSPostgenomic Mycobacterium leprae antigens for cellular and serological diagnosis of M. leprae exposure, infection and leprosy diseaseLepr Rev201182440242122439280
  • MillerRAGorderDHarnischJPAntibodies to phenolic glycolipid-I during long-term therapy: serial measurements in individual patientsInt J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis19875546336363323367
  • ChanteauSCartelJLCelerierPPlichartRDesforgesSRouxJPGL-I antigen and antibody detection in leprosy patients: evolution under chemotherapyInt J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis19895747357432681456
  • MeekerHCSchuller-LevisGFuscoFGiardina-BecketMASersenELevisWRSequential monitoring of leprosy patients with serum antibody levels to phenolic glycolipid-I, a synthetic analog of phenolic glycolipid-I, and mycobacterial lipoarabinomannanInt J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis19905835035112205685
  • PrakashKSehgalVNAggarwalREvaluation of phenolic glycolipid-I (PGL-I) antibody as a multidrug therapy (MDT) monitorJ Dermatol199320116208482747
  • RadaEUlrichMAranzazuNA follow-up study of multibacillary Hansen’s disease patients treated with multidrug therapy (MDT) or MDT + immunotherapy (IMT)Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis19976533203279401484
  • ChoSNCellonaRVVillahermosaLGDetection of phenolic glycolipid I of Mycobacterium leprae in sera from leprosy patients before and after start of multidrug therapyClin Diagn Lab Immunol20018113814211139208
  • RochePWBrittonWJFailbusSSNeupaneKDTheuvenetWJSerological monitoring of the response to chemotherapy in leprosy patientsInt J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis199361135438326179
  • DrowartAChanteauSHuygenKEffects of chemotherapy on antibody levels directed against PGL-I and 85A and 85B protein antigens in lepromatous patientsInt J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis199361129348326178
  • DuthieMSHayMNRadaEMSpecific IgG antibody responses may be used to monitor leprosy treatment efficacy and as recurrence prognostic markersEur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis201130101257126521544695
  • DuthieMSOrculloFMAbbelanaJMaghanoyABalagonMFComparative evaluation of antibody detection tests to facilitate the diagnosis of multibacillary leprosyAppl Microbiol Biotechnol201610073267327526820649
  • DuthieMSRaychaudhuriRTutterrowYLA rapid ELISA for the diagnosis of MB leprosy based on complementary detection of antibodies against a novel protein-glycolipid conjugateDiagn Microbiol Infect Dis201479223323924666703
  • DuthieMSBalagonMFMaghanoyARapid quantitative serological test for detection of infection with Mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of leprosyJ Clin Microbiol201452261361924478496
  • CardosoLPDiasRFFreitasAADevelopment of a quantitative rapid diagnostic test for multibacillary leprosy using smart phone technologyBMC Infect Dis201313149724152601
  • FreitasAAOliveiraRMHungriaEMAlterations to antigen-specific immune responses before and after multidrug therapy of leprosyDiagn Microbiol Infect Dis201583215416126233487
  • RadaEDuthieMSReedSGAranzazuNConvitJSerologic follow-up of IgG responses against recombinant mycobacterial proteins ML0405, ML2331 and LID-1 in a leprosy hyperendemic area of VenezuelaMem Inst Oswaldo Cruz2012107Suppl 1909423283459
  • StefaniMMGuerraJGSousaALPotential plasma markers of type 1 and type 2 leprosy reactions: a preliminary reportBMC Infect Dis2009917519473542
  • DuthieMSGotoWIretonGCAntigen-specific T-cell responses of leprosy patientsClin Vaccine Immunol200815111659166518784342
  • SampaioLHSousaALBarcelosMCReedSGStefaniMMDuthieMSEvaluation of various cytokines elicited during antigen-specific recall as potential risk indicators for the differential development of leprosyEur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis20123171443145122076550
  • OliveiraRMHungriaEMde Araújo FreitasASynergistic antigen combinations for the development of interferon gamma release assays for paucibacillary leprosyEur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis20143381415142424619112
  • GelukABiomarkers for leprosy: would you prefer T (cells)?Lepr Rev201384131223741878
  • BoboshaKTangSTvan der Ploeg-van SchipJJMycobacterium leprae virulence-associated peptides are indicators of exposure to M. leprae in Brazil, Ethiopia and NepalMem Inst Oswaldo Cruz2012107Suppl 111212323283462