1,213
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Research

Treatment of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection Symptoms with Urinary Antiseptics Containing Methenamine and Methylene Blue: Analysis of Etiology and Treatment Outcomes

, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, , , , ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, , , , & ORCID Icon show all
Pages 639-649 | Published online: 15 Dec 2020

References

  • Kolman KB. Cystitis and pyelonephritis: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Prim Care. 2019;46(2):191–202. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2019.01.00131030820
  • Foxman B. Urinary tract infection syndromes: occurrence, recurrence, bacteriology, risk factors, and disease burden. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2014;28(1):1–13. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2013.09.00324484571
  • Geerlings SE. Clinical presentations and epidemiology of urinary tract infections. Microbiol Spectr. 2016;4(5). doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.UTI-0002-2012
  • Li R, Leslie SW. Cystitis In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 6 7.
  • Guglietta A. Recurrent urinary tract infections in women: risk factors, etiology, pathogenesis and prophylaxis. Future Microbiol. 2017;12:239–246.28262045
  • Spach DH, Stapleton AE, Stamm WE. Lack of circumcision increases the risk of urinary tract infection in young men. JAMA. 1992;267(5):679–681. doi:10.1001/jama.1992.034800500830291472171
  • Gupta K, Grigoryan L, Trautner B. Urinary tract infection. Ann Intern Med. 2017;167(7):ITC49–ITC64. doi:10.7326/AITC20171003028973215
  • Hooton TM, Scholes D, Hughes JP, et al. A prospective study of risk factors for symptomatic urinary tract infection in young women. N Engl J Med. 1996;335(7):468–474. doi:10.1056/NEJM1996081533507038672152
  • Tan CW, Chlebicki MP. Urinary tract infections in adults. Singapore Med J. 2016;57(9):485–490. doi:10.11622/smedj.201615327662890
  • Wagenlehner F, Wullt B, Ballarini S, et al. Social and economic burden of recurrent urinary tract infections and quality of life: a patient web-based study (GESPRIT). Outcomes Res. 2018;18(1):107–117.
  • Medina M, Castillo-Pino E. An introduction to the epidemiology and burden of urinary tract infections. Ther Adv Urol. 2019;11:1756287219832172. doi:10.1177/175628721983217231105774
  • Walker E, Lyman A, Gupta K, Mahoney MV, Snyder GM, Hirsch EB. Clinical management of an increasing threat: outpatient urinary tract infections due to multidrug-resistant uropathogens. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;63(7):960–965. doi:10.1093/cid/ciw39627313263
  • Lo TS, Hammer KD, Zegarra M, Cho WC. Methenamine: a forgotten drug for preventing recurrent urinary tract infection in a multidrug resistance era. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2014;12(5):549–554. doi:10.1586/14787210.2014.90420224689705
  • Chwa A, Kavanagh K, Linnebur SA, Fixen DR. Evaluation of methenamine for urinary tract infection prevention in older adults: a review of the evidence. Ther Adv Drug Saf. 2019;10:2042098619876749. doi:10.1177/204209861987674931579504
  • Schirmer RH, Adler H, Pickhardt M, Mandelkow E. Lest we forget you–methylene blue …. Neurobiol Aging. 2011;32(12):2325.e7–2325.e2.325E16. doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.12.012
  • Hooton TM, Besser R, Foxman B, Fritsche TR, Nicolle LE. Acute uncomplicated cystitis in an era of increasing antibiotic resistance: a proposed approach to empirical therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39(1):75–80. doi:10.1086/42214515206056
  • Clayson D, Wild D, Doll H, Keating K, Gondek K. Validation of a patient-administered questionnaire to measure the severity and bothersomeness of lower urinary tract symptoms in uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI): the UTI symptom assessment questionnaire. BJU Int. 2005;96(3):350–359. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2005.05630.x16042729
  • Cronberg S, Welin CO, Henriksson L, Hellsten S, Persson KM, Stenberg P. Prevention of recurrent acute cystitis by methenamine hippurate: double blind controlled crossover long term study. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1987;294(6586):1507–1508. doi:10.1136/bmj.294.6586.1507
  • Gundersen R, Høivik HO, Osmundsen K. Hyppig forekommende cystitter hos eldre kvinner. En dobbeltblind sammenligning av Hiprex og placebo i almenpraksis [Frequent cystitis in elderly women. A double-blind comparison of Hiprex and placebo in general practice]. Tidsskr nor Laegeforen. 1986;106(25):2048–2049.3535165
  • Høivik HO, Gundersen R, Osmundsen K, Halvorsen P, Hjortdahl P, Stokke JG. Profylakse ved residiverende cystitt hos fertile kvinner. En dobbeltblind sammenligning av Hiprex og placebo i almenpraksis [Prevention of recurrent cystitis in fertile women. A double-blind comparison of Hiprex and placebo in general practice]. Tidsskr nor Laegeforen. 1984;104(16):1150–1152.6377577
  • Keswani RK, Chugh TD, Hooda RS, Beniwal JS. Prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection with methenamine mandelate. Indian J Med Res. 1976;64(8):1168–1172.992846
  • Lee BS, Bhuta T, Simpson JM, Craig JC. Methenamine hippurate for preventing urinary tract infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;10(10):CD003265.23076896
  • Geller M, Gama CRB, Guimarães OR, et al. Recurrent urinary tract infections: evaluation of the prophylactic efficacy of urinary antiseptics methenamine and methylthioninium chloride. Rev Bras Med. 2008;65(11):367–371.
  • Tyreman NO, Andersson PO, Kroon L, Orstam S. Urinary tract infection after vaginal surgery. Effect of prophylactic treatment with methenamine hippurate. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1986;65(7):731–733. doi:10.3109/000163486091614913544661
  • Kevorkian CG, Merritt JL, Ilstrup DM. Methenamine mandelate with acidification: an effective urinary antiseptic in patients with neurogenic bladder. Mayo Clin Proc. 1984;59(8):523–529. doi:10.1016/S0025-6196(12)61489-X6379319
  • Banovac K, Wade N, Gonzalez F, Walsh B, Rhamy RK. Decreased incidence of urinary tract infections in patients with spinal cord injury: effect of methenamine. J Am Paraplegia Soc. 1991;14(2):52–54. doi:10.1080/01952307.1991.117358352051157
  • Schiøtz HA, Guttu K. Value of urinary prophylaxis with methenamine in gynecologic surgery. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2002;81(8):743–746.12174159
  • Hamilton-Miller JM, Brumfitt W. Methenamine and its salts as urinary tract antiseptics: variables affecting the antibacterial activity of formaldehyde, mandelic acid, and hippuric acid in vitro. Invest Urol. 1977;14(4):287–291.13049
  • Musher DM, Griffith DP. Generation of formaldehyde from methenamine: effect of pH and concentration, and antibacterial effect. Antimicro Agents Chemother. 1974;6(6):708–711. doi:10.1128/AAC.6.6.708
  • Gandelman AL. Methenamine mandelate: antimicrobial activity in urine and correlation with formaldehyde levels. J Urol. 1967;97(3):533–536. doi:10.1016/S0022-5347(17)63074-X4960048
  • Sepurin (methenamine + methylthioninium chloride coated tablets) [package insert]. Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil: Laboratório Gross S/A; 2013.
  • Cystex (acriflavin hydrochloride + methenamine + methylthioninium chloride + Atropa belladonna L coated tablets) [package insert]. São Bernardo do Campo, SP Brazil: EMS S/A; 2014.