Mid-Term Safety and Efficacy of the Modified Double Hydrodistention Implantation Technique (HIT), Termed Systematic Multi-Site HIT (SMHIT), for Patients with Primary Vesicoureteral Reflux

References

• Kirsch AJ, Arlen AM, Lackgren G. Current trends in dextranomer hyaluronic acid copolymer (Deflux) injection technique for endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux. Urology. 2014;84:462–468.24975706
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Läckgren G, Wåhlin N, Sköldenberg E, et al. Long-term followup of children treated with dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer for vesicoureteral reflux. J Urol. 2001;166(5):1887–1892. doi:10.1016/S0022-5347(05)65713-811586255
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee EK, Gatti JM, Demarco RT, et al. Long-term followup of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid injection for vesicoureteral reflux: late failure warrants continued followup. J Urol. 2009;181(4):1869–1875. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2008.12.00519233403
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmdahl G, Brandström P, Läckgren G, et al. The Swedish reflux trial in children: II. Vesicoureteral reflux outcome. J Urol. 2010;184(1):280–285. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2010.01.05920488469
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stredele RJ, Dietz HG, Stehr M. Long-term results of endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux in children: comparison of different bulking agents. J Pediatr Urol. 2013;9(1):71–76. doi:10.1016/j.jpurol.2011.12.00422212178
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters CA, Skoog SJ, Arant BS, et al. Summary of the AUA guideline on management of primary vesicoureteral reflux in children. J Urol. 2010;184(3):1134–1144. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2010.05.06520650499
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Deflux; 2015 Available from: http://www.salix.com/products/deflux.
   Google Scholar
• Papagiannopoulos D, Rosoklija I, Cheng E, et al. Delayed Obstruction with asymptomatic loss of renal function after dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer (deflux) injection for vesicoureteral reflux: a close look at a disturbing outcome. Urology. 2017;101:63–66. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2016.09.01327687330
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Routh JC, Inman BA, Reinberg Y. Dextranomer/hyaluronic acid for pediatric vesicoureteral reflux: systematic review. Pediatrics. 2010;125(5):1010–1019. doi:10.1542/peds.2009-222520368325
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedmacher F, Colhoun E, Puri P. Endoscopic injection of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid as first line treatment in 851 consecutive children with high grade vesicoureteral reflux: efficacy and long-term results. J Urol. 2018;200(3):650–655. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2018.03.07429551405
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molitierno JA, Scherz HC, Kirsch AJ. Endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux using dextranomer hyaluronic acid copolymer. J Pediatr Urol. 2008;4(3):221–228. doi:10.1016/j.jpurol.2007.11.01518631931
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kalisvaart JF, Scherz HC, Cuda S, et al. Intermediate to long-term follow-up indicates low risk of recurrence after double HIT endoscopic treatment for primary vesico-ureteral reflux. J Pediatr Urol. 2012;8(4):359–365. doi:10.1016/j.jpurol.2011.07.00621820358
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zambaiti E, Sergio M, Di Pace MR, et al. The fate of implant after endoscopic injection of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid in vesicoureteral reflux: time to partial reabsorption and stabilization. J Pediatr Urol. 2020;16(2):191.e1–6. doi:10.1016/j.jpurol.2019.12.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedmacher F, Puri P. Ureteral obstruction after endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux: does the type of injected bulking agent matter? Curr Urol Rep. 2019;20(9):49. doi:10.1007/s11934-019-0913-531289951
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yankovic F, Swartz R, Cuckow P, et al. Incidence of deflux® calcification masquerading as distal ureteric calculi on ultrasound. J Pediatr Urol. 2013;9:820–824.23186595
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirsch AJ, Perez-Brayfield MR, Scherz HC. Minimally invasive treatment of vesicoureteral reflux with endoscopic injection of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer: the Children’s Hospitals of Atlanta experience. J Urol. 2003;170(1):211–215. doi:10.1097/01.ju.0000072523.43060.a012796692
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han DS, Cambareri G, Alagiri M, et al. Reflux timing is a predictor of successful endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux. Urology. 2019;124:237–240. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2018.09.03430385258
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arsanjani A, Alagiri M. Identification of filling versus voiding reflux as predictor of clinical outcome. Urology. 2007;70(2):351–354. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2007.03.03117826505
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee JN, Lee SM, Ha YS, et al. VUR timing on VCUG as a predictive factor of VUR resolution after endoscopic therapy. J Pediatr Urol. 2016;12(4):255.e1–6. doi:10.1016/j.jpurol.2016.04.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elder JS, Diaz M, Caldamone AA, et al. Endoscopic therapy for vesicoureteral reflux: a meta-analysis. I. reflux resolution and urinary tract infection. J Urol. 2006;175:716–722.16407037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arlen AM, Scherz HC, Filimon E, et al. Is routine voiding cystourethrogram necessary following double hit for primary vesicoureteral reflux? J Pediatr Urol. 2015;11(1):40.e1–5. doi:10.1016/j.jpurol.2014.11.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim H, Kim BS, Cheong HI, Cho BS, Kim KM. Long-term results of endoscopic deflux® injection for vesicoureteral reflux in children. Child Kidney Dis. 2015;19(1):31. doi:10.3339/chikd.2015.19.1.31
   Google Scholar
• Cerwinka WH, Scherz HC, Kirsch AJ. Endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux associated with paraureteral diverticula in children. J Urol. 2007;178(4):1469–1473. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2007.05.16817706704
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capozza N, Lais A, Matarazzo E, et al. Influence of voiding dysfunction on the outcome of endoscopic treatment for vesicoureteral reflux. J Urol. 2002;168(4 Part 2):1695–1698. doi:10.1016/S0022-5347(05)64391-112352337
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capozza N, Lais A, Nappo S, et al. The role of endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux: a 17-year experience. J Urol. 2004;172(4 Part 2):1626–1629. doi:10.1097/01.ju.0000138381.75175.b915371776
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunziker M, Mohanan N, D’Asta F, et al. Incidence of febrile urinary tract infections in children after successful endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux: a long-term follow-up. J Pediatr. 2012;160(6):1015–1020. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.12.03322284917
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lightfoot M, Bilgutay AN, Tollin N, et al. Long-term clinical outcomes and parental satisfaction after dextranomer/hyaluronic acid (Dx/HA) injection for primary vesicoureteral reflux. Front Pediatr. 2019;7:392.31612121
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts KB. Subcommittee on urinary tract infection SeCoQIaM. Urinary tract infection: clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of the initial UTI in febrile infants and children 2 to 24 months. Pediatrics. 2011;128:595–610.21873693
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Urinary tract infection in children: diagnosis, treatment and longterm management. NICE guidelines [CG54]. NICE; 2007 Available from: http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg54.
   Google Scholar
• Stenberg A, Läckgren G. Treatment of vesicoureteral reflux in children using stabilized non-animal hyaluronic acid/dextranomer gel (NASHA/DX): a long-term observational study. J Pediatr Urol. 2007;3(2):80–85. doi:10.1016/j.jpurol.2006.08.00118947708
   PubMedGoogle Scholar