The Prevalence and Association of Different Uropathogens Detected by M-PCR with Infection-Associated Urine Biomarkers in Urinary Tract Infections

References

• Kolman KB. Cystitis and pyelonephritis: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Primary Care. 2019;46(2):191–202. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2019.01.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tandogdu Z, Wagenlehner FM. Global epidemiology of urinary tract infections. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2016;29(1):73–79. doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000228
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grigoryan L, Nash S, Zoorob R, et al. Qualitative Analysis of Primary Care Provider Prescribing Decisions for Urinary Tract Infections. Antibiotics. 2019;8(2):84. doi:10.3390/antibiotics8020084
   Google Scholar
• Storme O, Tirán Saucedo J, Garcia-Mora A, Dehesa-Dávila M, Naber KG. Risk factors and predisposing conditions for urinary tract infection. Ther Adv Urol. 2019;11:1756287218814382. doi:10.1177/1756287218814382
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harb A, Yassine V, Ghssein G, Salami A, Fakih H. Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Urinary Tract Infection among Neonates Presenting with Unexplained Hyperbilirubinemia in Lebanon: a Retrospective Study. Infect Chemother. 2023;55(2):194–203. doi:10.3947/ic.2022.0117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siff LN. Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections. Deckermed Obstetrics Gynecol. 2021. doi:10.2310/obg.19160
   Google Scholar
• Wagenlehner FM, Lichtenstern C, Rolfes C, et al. Diagnosis and management for urosepsis. Int J Urol. 2013;20(10):963–970. doi:10.1111/iju.12200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Complicated Urinary Tract Infections - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK436013/. Accessed January 13, 2023.
   Google Scholar
• Zilberberg MD, Nathanson BH, Sulham K, Shorr AF. Descriptive Epidemiology and Outcomes of Hospitalizations With Complicated Urinary Tract Infections in the United States, 2018. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2022;9(1):ofab591. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofab591
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabih A, Leslie SW. Complicated urinary tract infections. StatPearls. 2022. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK436013/.
   Google Scholar
• Balasubramanian S, Wang X, Sahil S, Cheng A, Sutkin G, Shepherd JP. Risk factors for the development of acute pyelonephritis in women with a positive urine culture. Neurourol Urodynam. 2022;41(7):1582–1589. doi:10.1002/nau.25005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wojno KJ, Baunoch D, Luke N, et al. Multiplex PCR Based Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Analysis Compared to Traditional Urine Culture in Identifying Significant Pathogens in Symptomatic Patients. Urology. 2019;136:119–126. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2019.10.018
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vollstedt A, Baunoch D, Wojno K, et al. Multisite prospective comparison of multiplex polymerase chain reaction testing with urine culture for diagnosis of urinary tract infections in symptomatic patients. J Sur Urol. 2020;JSU–102.
   Google Scholar
• Anger JT, Bixler BR, Holmes RS, Lee UJ. Updates to Recurrent Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections in Women: AUA/CUA/SUFU Guideline. J Urol. 2022, Aug 9;:. doi:10.1097/JU.0000000000002860
   Google Scholar
• Price TK, Hilt EE, Dune TJ, Mueller ER, Wolfe AJ, Brubaker L. Urine trouble: should we think differently about UTI? Int Urogynecol J. 2018;29(2):205–210. doi:10.1007/s00192-017-3528-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sokhn ES, Salami A, El Roz A, Salloum L, Bahmad HF, Ghssein G. Antimicrobial Susceptibilities and Laboratory Profiles of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis Isolates as Agents of Urinary Tract Infection in Lebanon: paving the Way for Better Diagnostics. Med Sci. 2020;8(3):32. doi:10.3390/medsci8030032
   Google Scholar
• Price TK, Dune T, Hilt EE, et al. The Clinical Urine Culture: enhanced Techniques Improve Detection of Clinically Relevant Microorganisms. J Clin Microbiol. 2016;54(5):1216–1222. doi:10.1128/jcm.00044-16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vollstedt A, Baunoch D, Wolfe A, et al. Bacterial Interactions as Detected by Pooled Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (P-AST) in Polymicrobial Urine Specimens. J Surg Urol. 2020;1:67.
   Google Scholar
• Daly A, Baunoch D, Rehling K, et al. Utilization of M-PCR and P-AST for diagnosis and management of urinary tract infections in home-based primary care. JOJ Uro Nephron. 2020;7(2):555707.
   Google Scholar
• Hilt EE, McKinley K, Pearce MM, et al. Urine Is Not Sterile: use of Enhanced Urine Culture Techniques To Detect Resident Bacterial Flora in the Adult Female Bladder. J Clin Microbiol. 2014;52(3):871–876. doi:10.1128/jcm.02876-13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Older persons | UNHCR. Available from: https://emergency.unhcr.org/protection/persons-risk/older-persons. Accessed September 11, 2023.
   Google Scholar
• McCann E, Sung AH, Ye G, Vankeepuram L, Tabak YP. Contributing Factors to the Clinical and Economic Burden of Patients with Laboratory-Confirmed Carbapenem-Nonsusceptible Gram-Negative Urinary Tract Infections. Clinicoecon Outcomes Res. 2020;12:191–200. doi:10.2147/ceor.s234840
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price JR, Guran L, Lim JY, et al. Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Biomarker and Urinary Tract Infections: a Diagnostic Case-Control Study (NUTI Study). Female Pelvic Medicine Reconstr Surg. 2017;23(2):101–107. doi:10.1097/spv.0000000000000366
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gadalla AAH, Friberg IM, Kift-Morgan A, et al. Identification of clinical and urine biomarkers for uncomplicated urinary tract infection using machine learning algorithms. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):19694. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-55523-x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Martino FK, Novara G. Asymptomatic Bacteriuria or Urinary Tract Infection? New and Old Biomarkers. Int J Transl Med. 2022;2(1):52–65. doi:10.3390/ijtm2010006
   Google Scholar
• Rodhe N, Löfgren S. primary … SJ of. Cytokines in urine in elderly subjects with acute cystitis and asymptomatic bacteriuria. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. 2009;27(2):74–79. doi:10.1080/02813430902757634
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horváth J, Wullt B, Naber KG, Köves B. Biomarkers in urinary tract infections – which ones are suitable for diagnostics and follow-up? GMS Infect Dis. 2020;8(Doc24). doi:10.3205/id000068
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Abraham SN, Miao Y. The nature of immune responses to urinary tract infections. Nat Rev Immunol. 2015;15(10):655–663. doi:10.1038/nri3887
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li L, Li Y, Yang J, Xie X, Chen H. The immune responses to different Uropathogens call individual interventions for bladder infection. Front Immunol. 2022;13:953354. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.953354
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valdimarsson S, Jodal U, Barregård L, Hansson S. Urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and other biomarkers in infants with urinary tract infection and in febrile controls. Pediatr Nephrol. 2017;32(11):2079–2087. doi:10.1007/s00467-017-3709-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyagi P, Tyagi V, Qu X, Chuang YC, Kuo HC, Chancellor M. Elevated CXC chemokines in urine noninvasively discriminate OAB from UTI. Am J Physiol-Renal. 2016;311(3):F548–F554. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00213.2016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baunoch D, Luke N, Wang D, et al. Concordance Between Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Susceptibility in Symptomatic Urinary Tract Infections. Infect Drug Resist. 2021;14:3275–3286. doi:10.2147/idr.s323095
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haley E, Luke N, Korman H, et al. Improving Patient Outcomes While Reducing Empirical Treatment with Multiplex-Polymerase-Chain-Reaction/Pooled-Antibiotic-Susceptibility-Testing Assay for Complicated and Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections. Diagnostics. 2023;13(19):3060. doi:10.3390/diagnostics13193060
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howard A, O’Donoghue M, Feeney A, Sleator RD. Acinetobacter baumannii. Virulence. 2012;3(3):243–250. doi:10.4161/viru.19700
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cerqueira GM, Peleg AY. Insights into Acinetobacter baumannii pathogenicity. Iubmb Life. 2011;63(12):1055–1060. doi:10.1002/iub.533
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pour NK, Dusane DH, Dhakephalkar PK, Zamin FR, Zinjarde SS, Chopade BA. Biofilm formation by Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from urinary tract infection and urinary catheters. Fems Immunol Med Microbiol. 2011;62(3):328–338. doi:10.1111/j.1574-695x.2011.00818.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bagińska N, Cieślik M, Górski A, Jończyk-Matysiak E. The Role of Antibiotic Resistant A. baumannii in the Pathogenesis of Urinary Tract Infection and the Potential of Its Treatment with the Use of Bacteriophage Therapy. Antibiotics. 2021;10(3):281. doi:10.3390/antibiotics10030281
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bian X, Liu X, Zhang X, et al. Epidemiological and genomic characteristics of Acinetobacter baumannii from different infection sites using comparative genomics. BMC Genomics. 2021;22(1):530. doi:10.1186/s12864-021-07842-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Dahmoshi HOM, Al-Khafaji NSK, Al-Alaq FT. Urinary Tract Infections - the Imbalance Between the Pathogen Virulence and the Host Defense [Working Title]. Int J Med. 2020. doi:10.5772/intechopen.94508
   Google Scholar
• Cruz AT, Cazacu AC, Allen CH. Pantoea agglomerans, a Plant Pathogen Causing Human Disease. J Clin Microbiol. 2007;45(6):1989–1992. doi:10.1128/jcm.00632-07
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wasfi R, Hamed SM, Amer MA, Fahmy LI. Proteus mirabilis Biofilm: development and Therapeutic Strategies. Front Cell Infect Mi. 2020;10:414. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.00414
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kranz J, Schmidt S, Lebert C, et al. The 2017 Update of the German Clinical Guideline on Epidemiology, Diagnostics, Therapy, Prevention, and Management of Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections in Adult Patients. Part II: therapy and Prevention. Urol Int. 2018;100(3):271–278. doi:10.1159/000487645
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang D, Haley E, Luke N et al . Emerging and fastidious uropathogens were detected by M-PCR with similar prevalence and cell density in catheter and Midstream voided urine indicating the importance of these microbes in causing UTIs. Infect Drug Resist. 2023;16:7775–7795. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S429990
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hooton TM, Roberts PL, Stapleton AE. Asymptomatic Bacteriuria and Pyuria in Premenopausal Women. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;72(8):1332–1338. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa274
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trautner BW. Urinary tract infection as a continuum—implications for diagnostic and antibiotic stewardship. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;72(8):1339–1341. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa280
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taha AS, Grant V, Kelly RW. Urinalysis for interleukin-8 in the non-invasive diagnosis of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Postgrad Med J. 2003;79(929):159. doi:10.1136/pmj.79.929.159
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devarajan P. Neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL): a new marker of kidney disease. Scand J Clin Laboratory Investigation. 2008;68(sup241):89–94. doi:10.1080/00365510802150158
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharif-Askari FS, Sharif-Askari NS, Guella A, et al. Blood Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Urine IL-8 Levels Predict the Type of Bacterial Urinary Tract Infection in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Infect Drug Resist. 2020;13:1961–1970. doi:10.2147/idr.s251966
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parnell LKD, Luke N, Mathur M, et al. Elevated UTI Biomarkers in Symptomatic Patients with Urine Microbial Densities of 10,000 CFU/mL Indicate a Lower Threshold for Diagnosing UTIs. MDPI. 2023;13(16):1–15. doi:10.3390/diagnostics13162688
   Google Scholar
• Korman HJ, Baunoch D, Luke N, et al. A Diagnostic Test Combining Molecular Testing with Phenotypic Pooled Antibiotic Susceptibility Improved the Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Non-E. coli or Polymicrobial Complicated Urinary Tract Infections. Res Reports Urol. 2023;15:141–147. doi:10.2147/rru.s404260
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar