Hypophosphatemia Associated with Intravenous Iron Therapies for Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Systematic Literature Review

References

• Lopez A, Cacoub P, Macdougall IC, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Iron deficiency anaemia. Lancet. 2016;387(10021):907–916. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60865-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camaschella C. Iron-deficiency anemia. Longo DL, ed. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(19):1832–1843. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1401038
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller JL. Iron deficiency anemia: a common and curable disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2013;3(7):a011866–a011866. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a011866
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vos T, Abajobir AA, Abate KH, et al. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet. 2017;390(10100):1211–1259. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32154-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Auerbach M, Adamson JW. How we diagnose and treat iron deficiency anemia. Am J Hematol. 2016;91(1):31–38. doi:10.1002/ajh.24201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tolkien Z, Stecher L, Mander AP, Pereira DIA, Powell JJ. Ferrous sulfate supplementation causes significant gastrointestinal side-effects in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Strnad Ped. PLoS One. 2015;10(2):e0117383. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0117383
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bregman DB, Morris D, Koch TA, He A, Goodnough LT. Hepcidin levels predict nonresponsiveness to oral iron therapy in patients with iron deficiency anemia. Am J Hematol. 2013;88(2):97–101. doi:10.1002/ajh.23354
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reinisch W, Chowers Y, Danese S, et al. The management of iron deficiency in inflammatory bowel disease - an online tool developed by the RAND/UCLA appropriateness method. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2013;38(9):1109–1118. doi:10.1111/apt.12493
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onken JE, Bregman DB, Harrington RA, et al. A multicenter, randomized, active-controlled study to investigate the efficacy and safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in patients with iron deficiency anemia. Transfusion. 2013;54(2):n/a–n/a. doi:10.1111/trf.12289
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vadhan-Raj S, Strauss W, Ford D, et al. Efficacy and safety of IV ferumoxytol for adults with iron deficiency anemia previously unresponsive to or unable to tolerate oral iron. Am J Hematol. 2014;89(1):7–12. doi:10.1002/ajh.23582
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Auerbach M, Ballard H. Clinical use of intravenous iron: administration, efficacy, and safety. Hematol. 2010;2010(1):338–347. doi:10.1182/asheducation-2010.1.338
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehlken B, Nathell L, Gohlke A, Bocuk D, Toussi M, Wohlfeil S. Evaluation of the reported rates of severe hypersensitivity reactions associated with ferric carboxymaltose and iron (III) isomaltoside 1000 in Europe based on data from EudraVigilance and VigiBaseTM between 2014 and 2017. Drug Saf. 2019;42(3):463–471. doi:10.1007/s40264-018-0769-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang C, Graham DJ, Kane RC, et al. Comparative risk of anaphylactic reactions associated with intravenous iron products. JAMA. 2015;314(19):2062. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.15572
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Medicines Agency. New recommendations to manage risk of allergic reactions with intravenous iron-containing medicines the European Medicines Agency’s Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use; 2013. Available from: www.ema.europa.eu. Accessed June 26, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Rampton D, Folkersen J, Fishbane S, et al. Hypersensitivity reactions to intravenous iron: guidance for risk minimization and management. Haematologica. 2014;99(11):1671–1676. doi:10.3324/haematol.2014.111492
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Wyck DB, Mangione A, Morrison J, Hadley PE, Jehle JA, Goodnough LT. Blood management: large-dose intravenous ferric carboxymaltose injection for iron deficiency anemia in heavy uterine bleeding: a randomized, controlled trial. Transfusion. 2009;49(12):2719–2728. doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2009.02327.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardy S, Vandemergel X. Intravenous iron administration and hypophosphatemia in clinical practice. Int J Rheumatol. 2015;2015:1–6. doi:10.1155/2015/468675
   Google Scholar
• Bartko J, Roschger P, Zandieh S, Brehm A, Zwerina J, Klaushofer K. Hypophosphatemia, severe bone pain, gait disturbance, and fatigue fractures after iron substitution in inflammatory bowel disease: a case report. J Bone Miner Res. 2018;33(3):534–539. doi:10.1002/jbmr.3319
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liamis G, Milionis HJ, Elisaf M. Medication-induced hypophosphatemia: a review. QJM. 2010;103(7):449–459. doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcq039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunelli SM, Goldfarb S. Hypophosphatemia: clinical consequences and management. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007;18(7):1999–2003. doi:10.1681/ASN.2007020143
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imel EA, Econs MJ. Approach to the hypophosphatemic patient. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97(3):696–706. doi:10.1210/jc.2011-1319
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avni T, Bieber A, Grossman A, Green H, Leibovici L, Gafter-Gvili A. The safety of intravenous iron preparations. Mayo Clin Proc. 2015;90(1):12–23. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.10.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qunibi WY, Martinez C, Smith M, Benjamin J, Mangione A, Roger SD. A randomized controlled trial comparing intravenous ferric carboxymaltose with oral iron for treatment of iron deficiency anaemia of non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2011;26(5):1599–1607. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfq613
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charytan C, Bernardo MV, Koch TA, Butcher A, Morris D, Bregman DB. Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose versus standard medical care in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease: a randomized, active-controlled, multi-center study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2013;28(4):953–964. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfs528
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailie GR, Mason NA, Valaoras TG. Safety and tolerability of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in patients with iron deficiency anemia. Hemodial Int. 2010;14(1):47–54. doi:10.1111/j.1542-4758.2009.00409.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onken JE, Bregman DB, Harrington RA, et al. Ferric carboxymaltose in patients with iron-deficiency anemia and impaired renal function: the REPAIR-IDA trial. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2014;29(4):833–842. doi:10.1093/ndt/gft251
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seid MH, Butcher AD, Chatwani A. Ferric carboxymaltose as treatment in women with iron-deficiency anemia. Anemia. 2017;2017:1–9. doi:10.1155/2017/9642027
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jose A, Mahey R, Sharma JB, et al. Comparison of ferric Carboxymaltose and iron sucrose complex for treatment of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy-randomised controlled trial. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2019;19(1):54. doi:10.1186/s12884-019-2200-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ikuta K, Ito H, Takahashi K, Masaki S, Terauchi M, Suzuki Y. Safety and efficacy of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in Japanese patients with iron-deficiency anemia caused by digestive diseases: an open-label, single-arm study. Int J Hematol. 2019;109(1):50–58. doi:10.1007/s12185-018-2529-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derman R, Roman E, Modiano MR, Achebe MM, Thomsen LL, Auerbach M. A randomized trial of iron isomaltoside versus iron sucrose in patients with iron deficiency anemia. Am J Hematol. 2017;92(3):286–291. doi:10.1002/ajh.24633
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breymann C, Milman N, Mezzacasa A, Bernard R, Dudenhausen J. FER-ASAP investigators. Ferric carboxymaltose vs. oral iron in the treatment of pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia: an international, open-label, randomized controlled trial (FER-ASAP). J Perinat Med. 2017;45(4):443–453. doi:10.1515/jpm-2016-0050
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahey R, Kriplani A, Mogili KD, Bhatla N, Kachhawa G, Saxena R. Randomized controlled trial comparing ferric carboxymaltose and iron sucrose for treatment of iron deficiency anemia due to abnormal uterine bleeding. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2016;133(1):43–48. doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.09.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macdougall IC, Bock AH, Carrera F, et al. FIND-CKD: a randomized trial of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose versus oral iron in patients with chronic kidney disease and iron deficiency anaemia. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2014;29(11):2075–2084. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfu201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evstatiev R, Marteau P, Iqbal T, et al. FERGIcor, a randomized controlled trial on ferric carboxymaltose for iron deficiency anemia in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterol. 2011;141(3):846–853.e2. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2011.06.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shim J-Y, Kim MY, Kim YJ, et al. Efficacy and safety of ferric carboxymaltose versus ferrous sulfate for iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy: subgroup analysis of Korean women. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2018;18(1):349. doi:10.1186/s12884-018-1817-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toledano A, Luporsi E, Morere JF, et al. Clinical use of ferric carboxymaltose in patients with solid tumours or haematological malignancies in France. Support Care Cancer. 2016;24(1):67–75. doi:10.1007/s00520-015-2728-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malone M, Barish C, He A, Bregman D. Comparative review of the safety and efficacy of ferric carboxymaltose versus standard medical care for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in bariatric and gastric surgery patients. Obes Surg. 2013;23(9):1413–1420. doi:10.1007/s11695-013-0939-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lichtenstein GR, Onken JE. Improved hemoglobin response with ferric carboxymaltose in patients with gastrointestinal-related iron-deficiency anemia versus oral iron. Dig Dis Sci. 2018;63(11):3009–3019. doi:10.1007/s10620-018-5204-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hussain I, Bhoyroo J, Butcher A, Koch TA, He A, Bregman DB. Direct comparison of the safety and efficacy of ferric carboxymaltose versus iron dextran in patients with iron deficiency anemia. Anemia. 2013;2013:169107. doi:10.1155/2013/169107
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wolf M, Koch TA, Bregman DB. Effects of iron deficiency anemia and its treatment on fibroblast growth factor 23 and phosphate homeostasis in women. J Bone Miner Res. 2013;28(8):1793–1803. doi:10.1002/jbmr.1923
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adkinson NF, Strauss WE, Macdougall IC, et al. Comparative safety of intravenous ferumoxytol versus ferric carboxymaltose in iron deficiency anemia: a randomized trial. Am J Hematol. 2018;93(5):683–690. doi:10.1002/ajh.25060
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prats M, Font R, García C, Cabré C, Jariod M, Vea AM. Effect of ferric carboxymaltose on serum phosphate and C-terminal FGF23 levels in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients: post-hoc analysis of a prospective study. BMC Nephrol. 2013;14(1):167. doi:10.1186/1471-2369-14-167
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cancer Institute N. Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) Version 4.0; 2009. Available from: http://www.meddramsso.com. Accessed June 19, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Barish CF, Koch T, Butcher A, Morris D, Bregman DB. Safety and efficacy of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (750 mg) in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia: two randomized, controlled trials. Anemia. 2012;2012:1–9. doi:10.1155/2012/172104
   Google Scholar
• Ikuta K, Hanashi H, Hirai K, et al. Comparison of efficacy and safety between intravenous ferric carboxymaltose and saccharated ferric oxide in Japanese patients with iron-deficiency anemia due to hypermenorrhea: a multi-center, randomized, open-label noninferiority study. Int J Hematol. 2019;109(1):41–49. doi:10.1007/s12185-018-2501-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaefer B, Würtinger P, Finkenstedt A, et al. Choice of high-dose intravenous iron preparation determines hypophosphatemia risk. Pantopoulos K ed. PLoS One. 2016;11(12):e0167146. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0167146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bager P, Hvas CL, Dahlerup JF. Drug specific hypophosphatemia and hypersensitivity reactions following different intravenous iron infusions. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2017;83(5):1118–1125. doi:10.1111/bcp.13189
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stöhr R, Sandstede L, Heine GH, Marx N, Brandenburg V. High-dose ferric carboxymaltose in patients with HFrEF induces significant hypophosphatemia. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;71(19):2270–2271. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.03.448
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sari V, Atiqi R, Hoorn EJ, Heijboer AC, van Gelder T, Hesselink DA. Ferric carboxymaltose-induced hypophosphataemia after kidney transplantation. Neth J Med. 2017;75(2):65–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anand G, Schmid C. Severe hypophosphataemia after intravenous iron administration. BMJ Case Rep. 2017;2017:bcr2016219160. doi:10.1136/bcr-2016-219160
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blazevic A, Hunze J, Boots JMM. Severe hypophosphataemia after intravenous iron administration. Neth J Med. 2014;72(1):49–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fierz YC, Kenmeni R, Gonthier A, Lier F, Pralong F, Coti Bertrand P. Severe and prolonged hypophosphatemia after intravenous iron administration in a malnourished patient. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2014;68(4):531–533. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2014.20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein K, Asaad S, Econs M, Rubin JE. Severe FGF23-based hypophosphataemic osteomalacia due to ferric carboxymaltose administration. BMJ Case Rep. 2018;2018:bcr-2017-222851. doi:10.1136/bcr-2017-222851
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mani L-Y, Nseir G, Venetz J-P, Pascual M. Severe hypophosphatemia after intravenous administration of iron carboxymaltose in a stable renal transplant recipient. Transplant. 2010;90(7):804–805. doi:10.1097/TP.0b013e3181f00a18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore KLF, Kildahl-Andersen O, Kildahl-Andersen R, Tjønnfjord GE. Uncommon adverse effect of a common medication. Tidsskr nor Laegeforen. 2013;133(2):165. doi:10.4045/tidsskr.12.0494
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Urbina T, Belkhir R, Rossi G, et al. Iron supplementation-induced phosphaturic osteomalacia: FGF23 is the culprit. J Bone Miner Res. 2018;33(3):540–542. doi:10.1002/jbmr.3369
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vandemergel X, Vandergheynst F. Potentially life-threatening phosphate diabetes induced by ferric carboxymaltose injection: a case report and review of the literature. Case Rep Endocrinol. 2014;2014:843689. doi:10.1155/2014/843689
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vasquez-Rios G, Marin E. Harder to breathe: an unusual case of severe hyperphosphaturic hypophosphatemia and normal FGF-23 levels in a young female patient. Am J Kidney Dis. 2018;71:594.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bansal VK. Serum Inorganic Phosphorus. Butterworths; 1990. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21250152. Accessed July 10, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Huang LL, Lee D, Troster SM, et al. A controlled study of the effects of ferric carboxymaltose on bone and haematinic biomarkers in chronic kidney disease and pregnancy. Nephrol Dialysis transplant. 2018;33(9):1628–1635. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfx310
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schouten BJ, Hunt PJ, Livesey JH, Frampton CM, Soule SG. FGF23 elevation and hypophosphatemia after intravenous iron polymaltose: a prospective study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;94(7):2332–2337. doi:10.1210/jc.2008-2396
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf M, Chertow GM, Macdougall IC, Kaper R, Krop J, Strauss W. Randomized trial of intravenous iron-induced hypophosphatemia. JCI Insight. 2018;3:23. doi:10.1172/JCI.INSIGHT.124486
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf M, Rubin J, Achebe M, et al. Effects of iron isomaltoside vs ferric carboxymaltose on hypophosphatemia in iron-deficiency anemia: two randomized clinical trials. JAMA. 2020;323(5):432–443. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.22450
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar