2,378
Views
10
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Prevention and Treatment of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV): A Review of Current Recommendations and Emerging Therapies

, & ORCID Icon
Pages 1305-1317 | Published online: 31 Dec 2020

References

  • Gan TJ, Diemunsch P, Habib AS, et al. Consensus guidelines for the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg. 2014;118(1):85–113. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000000002
  • Gan TJ, Belani KG, Bergese S, et al. Fourth consensus guidelines for the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg. 2020;131(2):411–448. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000004833
  • Apfel CC, Laara E, Koivuranta M, Greim CA, Roewer N. A simplified risk score for predicting postoperative nausea and vomiting: conclusions from cross-validations between two centers. Anesthesiology. 1999;91(3):693–700. doi:10.1097/00000542-199909000-00022
  • Eberhart LH, Mauch M, Morin AM, Wulf H, Geldner G. Impact of a multimodal anti-emetic prophylaxis on patient satisfaction in high-risk patients for postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anaesthesia. 2002;57(10):1022–1027. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2044.2002.02822.x
  • Myles PS, Williams DL, Hendrata M, Anderson H, Weeks AM. Patient satisfaction after anaesthesia and surgery: results of a prospective survey of 10,811 patients. Br J Anaesth. 2000;84(1):6–10. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.bja.a013383
  • Parra-Sanchez I, Abdallah R, You J, et al. A time-motion economic analysis of postoperative nausea and vomiting in ambulatory surgery. Can J Anaesth. 2012;59(4):366–375. doi:10.1007/s12630-011-9660-x
  • Berger ER, Huffman KM, Fraker T, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for bariatric surgery readmissions: findings from 130,007 admissions in the metabolic and bariatric surgery accreditation and quality improvement program. Ann Surg. 2018;267(1):122–131. doi:10.1097/SLA.0000000000002079
  • Hardin L, Kilian A, Murphy E. Bundled payments for care improvement: preparing for the medical diagnosis-related groups. J Nurs Adm. 2017;47(6):313–319. doi:10.1097/NNA.0000000000000492
  • Merit-based Incentive Payment System (MIPS) overview – QPP; 2019. Available from: https://qpp.cms.gov/mips/overview. Accessed December 7, 2020.
  • Koivuranta M, Laara E, Snare L, Alahuhta S. A survey of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anaesthesia. 1997;52(5):443–449. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.1997.117-az0113.x
  • Apfel CC, Kranke P, Eberhart LH. Comparison of surgical site and patient’s history with a simplified risk score for the prediction of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anaesthesia. 2004;59(11):1078–1082.
  • Peyton PJ, Wu CY. Nitrous oxide-related postoperative nausea and vomiting depends on duration of exposure. Anesthesiology. 2014;120(5):1137–1145. doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000000122
  • Dewinter G, Staelens W, Veef E, Teunkens A, Van de Velde M, Rex S. Simplified algorithm for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a before-and-after study. Br J Anaesth. 2018;120(1):156–163. doi:10.1016/j.bja.2017.08.003
  • Kranke P. General multimodal or scheduled risk-adopted postoperative nausea and vomiting prevention: just splitting hairs? Br J Anaesth. 2015;114(2):190–193. doi:10.1093/bja/aeu344
  • Som A, Bhattacharjee S, Maitra S, Arora MK, Baidya DK. Combination of 5-HT3 antagonist and dexamethasone is superior to 5-HT3 antagonist alone for PONV prophylaxis after laparoscopic surgeries: a meta-analysis. Anesth Analg. 2016;123(6):1418–1426. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000001617
  • Schraag S, Pradelli L, Alsaleh AJO, et al. Propofol vs. inhalational agents to maintain general anaesthesia in ambulatory and in-patient surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Anesthesiol. 2018;18(1):162. doi:10.1186/s12871-018-0632-3
  • Schaefer MS, Kranke P, Weibel S, Kreysing R, Kienbaum P. Total intravenous anaesthesia versus single-drug pharmacological antiemetic prophylaxis in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2016;33(10):750–760. doi:10.1097/EJA.0000000000000520
  • Chen L, Liang X, Tan X, Wen H, Jiang J, Li Y. Safety and efficacy of combined use of propofol and etomidate for sedation during gastroscopy: systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine. 2019;98(20).
  • St Pierre M, Dunkel M, Rutherford A, Hering W. Does etomidate increase postoperative nausea? A double-blind controlled comparison of etomidate in lipid emulsion with propofol for balanced anaesthesia. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2000;17(10):634–641. doi:10.1097/00003643-200010000-00007
  • Gan TJ, Glass PS, Howell ST, Canada AT, Grant AP, Ginsberg B. Determination of plasma concentrations of propofol associated with 50% reduction in postoperative nausea. Anesthesiology. 1997;87(4):779–784. doi:10.1097/00000542-199710000-00010
  • Gan TJ, El-Molem H, Ray J, Glass PS. Patient-controlled antiemesis: a randomized, double-blind comparison of two doses of propofol versus placebo. Anesthesiology. 1999;90(6):1564–1570.
  • Cheng CR, Sessler DI, Apfel CC. Does neostigmine administration produce a clinically important increase in postoperative nausea and vomiting? Anesth Analg. 2005;101(5):1349–1355. doi:10.1213/01.ANE.0000180992.76743.C9
  • Hristovska AM, Duch P, Allingstrup M, Afshari A. Efficacy and safety of sugammadex versus neostigmine in reversing neuromuscular blockade in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;14.
  • Kaba A, Laurent SR, Detroz BJ, et al. Intravenous lidocaine infusion facilitates acute rehabilitation after laparoscopic colectomy. Anesthesiology. 2007;106(1):11–16. doi:10.1097/00000542-200701000-00007
  • Zhao JB, Li YL, Wang YM, et al. Intravenous lidocaine infusion for pain control after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(5):e9771. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000009771
  • Weibel S, Jelting Y, Pace NL, et al. Continuous intravenous perioperative lidocaine infusion for postoperative pain and recovery in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;6:Cd009642.
  • Weibel S, Jokinen J, Pace NL, et al. Efficacy and safety of intravenous lidocaine for postoperative analgesia and recovery after surgery: a systematic review with trial sequential analysis. Br J Anaesth. 2016;116(6):770–783. doi:10.1093/bja/aew101
  • El-Boghdadly K, Brull R, Sehmbi H, Abdallah F. Perineural dexmedetomidine is more effective than clonidine when added to local anesthetic for supraclavicular brachial plexus block: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Anesth Analg. 2017;124(6):2008–2020. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000002014
  • Zeng H, Li Z, He J, Fu W, Cheungpasitporn W. Dexmedetomidine for the prevention of postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One. 2019;14(8):e0218088. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0218088
  • Jin S, Liang D, Chen C, Zhang M, Wang J. Dexmedetomidine prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting on patients during general anesthesia: a PRISMA-compliant meta analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine. 2017;96(1).
  • Hussain N, Grzywacz V, Ferreri C, et al. Investigating the efficacy of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to local anesthesia in brachial plexus block: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 18 randomized controlled trials. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2017;42(2):184–196. doi:10.1097/AAP.0000000000000564
  • Awad S, Varadhan KK, Ljungqvist O, Lobo DN. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials on preoperative oral carbohydrate treatment in elective surgery. Clin Nutr. 2013;32(1):34–44. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2012.10.011
  • Xu D, Zhu X, Xu Y, Zhang L. Shortened preoperative fasting for prevention of complications associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a meta-analysis. J Int Med Res. 2017;45(1):22–37. doi:10.1177/0300060516676411
  • Jewer JK, Wong MJ, Bird SJ, Habib AS, Parker R, George RB. Supplemental perioperative intravenous crystalloids for postoperative nausea and vomiting. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;3:Cd012212.
  • Kim HJ, Choi SH, Eum D, Kim SH. Is perioperative colloid infusion more effective than crystalloid in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting?: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(7):e14339. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000014339
  • Brandal D, Keller M, Lee C, et al. Impact of enhanced recovery after surgery and opioid-free anesthesia on opioid prescriptions at discharge from the hospital: a historical-prospective study. Anesth Analg. 2017;125(5):1784–1792. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000002510
  • Ziemann-Gimmel P, Goldfarb A, Koppman J, Marema R. Opioid-free total intravenous anaesthesia reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting in bariatric surgery beyond triple prophylaxis. Br J Anaesth. 2014;112(5):906–911. doi:10.1093/bja/aet551
  • Wu CL, King AB, Geiger TM, et al. American Society for Enhanced Recovery and Perioperative Quality initiative joint consensus statement on perioperative opioid minimization in opioid-naive patients. Anesth Analg. 2019;129(2):567–577. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000004194
  • Mauermann E, Ruppen W, Bandschapp O. Different protocols used today to achieve total opioid-free general anesthesia without locoregional blocks. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2017;31(4):533–545. doi:10.1016/j.bpa.2017.11.003
  • Bakan M, Umutoglu T, Topuz U, et al. Opioid-free total intravenous anesthesia with propofol, dexmedetomidine and lidocaine infusions for laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective, randomized, double-blinded study. Braz J Anesthesiol (Elsevier). 2015;65(3).
  • Hakim K, Wahba W. Opioid-free total intravenous anesthesia improves postoperative quality of recovery after ambulatory gynecologic laparoscopy. Anesthes Essays Res. 2019;13(2):199. doi:10.4103/aer.AER_74_19
  • Becchi C, Al Malyan M, Coppini R, Campolo M, Magherini M, Boncinelli S. Opioid-free analgesia by continuous psoas compartment block after total hip arthroplasty. A randomized study. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2008;25(5):418–423. doi:10.1017/S026502150700302X
  • Zabirowicz ES, Gan TJ. 34 - pharmacology of postoperative nausea and vomiting. In: Hemmings HC, Egan TD, editors. Pharmacology and Physiology for Anesthesia (Second Edition). Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2019:671–692.
  • Hothersall JD, Moffat C, Connolly CN. Prolonged inhibition of 5-HT(3) receptors by palonosetron results from surface receptor inhibition rather than inducing receptor internalization. Br J Pharmacol. 2013;169(6):1252–1262. doi:10.1111/bph.12204
  • Rojas C, Thomas AG, Alt J, et al. Palonosetron triggers 5-HT(3) receptor internalization and causes prolonged inhibition of receptor function. Eur J Pharmacol. 2010;626(2–3):193–199. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.10.002
  • Candiotti KA, Kovac AL, Melson TI, Clerici G, Joo Gan T. A randomized, double-blind study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of three different doses of palonosetron versus placebo for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg. 2008;107(2):445–451. doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e31817b5ebb
  • Kovac AL, Eberhart L, Kotarski J, Clerici G, Apfel C. A randomized, double-blind study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of three different doses of palonosetron versus placebo in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting over a 72-hour period. Anesth Analg. 2008;107(2):439–444. doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e31817abcd3
  • Singh PM, Borle A, Gouda D, et al. Efficacy of palonosetron in postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV)-a meta-analysis. J Clin Anesth. 2016;34:459–482. doi:10.1016/j.jclinane.2016.05.018
  • Xiong C, Liu G, Ma R, Xue J, Wu A. Efficacy of palonosetron for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Can J Anaesth. 2015;62(12):1268–1278. doi:10.1007/s12630-015-0457-1
  • Li Y, Wei X, Zhang S, Zhou L, Zhang J. A meta-analysis of palonosetron for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults. J Perianesth Nurs. 2015;30(5):398–405. doi:10.1016/j.jopan.2015.05.116
  • Paul A, George S, Ranjan R, et al. Randomised control study of palonosetron versus dexamethasone in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting following ear and nose surgeries under general anesthesia. J Clin Diagn Res. 2018;12(11):UC10–UC13.
  • Kim BG, Kim H, Lim HK, Yang C, Oh S, Lee BW. A comparison of palonosetron and dexamethasone for postoperative nausea and vomiting in orthopedic patients receiving patient-controlled epidural analgesia. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2017;70(5):520–526. doi:10.4097/kjae.2017.70.5.520
  • Moon HY, Baek CW, Choi GJ, et al. Palonosetron and aprepitant for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients indicated for laparoscopic gynaecologic surgery: a double-blind randomised trial. BMC Anesthesiol. 2014;14:68. doi:10.1186/1471-2253-14-68
  • Majumdar AK, Howard L, Goldberg MR, et al. Pharmacokinetics of aprepitant after single and multiple oral doses in healthy volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol. 2006;46(3):291–300. doi:10.1177/0091270005283467
  • Ibrahim MA, Preuss CV. Antiemetic neurokinin-1 receptor blockers. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls PublishingStatPearls Publishing LLC; 2020. ed: Charles Preuss.
  • Singh PM, Borle A, Rewari V, et al. Aprepitant for postoperative nausea and vomiting: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Postgrad Med J. 2016;92(1084):87–98. doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133515
  • Gan TJ, Apfel CC, Kovac A, et al. A randomized, double-blind comparison of the NK1 antagonist, aprepitant, versus ondansetron for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg. 2007;104(5):1082–1089, tables of contents. doi:10.1213/01.ane.0000263277.35140.a3
  • Liu M, Zhang H, Du BX, et al. Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015;94(19):e762. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000000762
  • Vallejo MC, Phelps AL, Ibinson JW, et al. Aprepitant plus ondansetron compared with ondansetron alone in reducing postoperative nausea and vomiting in ambulatory patients undergoing plastic surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012;129(2):519–526. doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e31822b6932
  • Kranke P, Eberhart L, Motsch J, et al. I.V. APD421 (amisulpride) prevents postoperative nausea and vomiting: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial. Br J Anaesth. 2013;111(6):938–945. doi:10.1093/bja/aet251
  • Gan TJ, Kranke P, Minkowitz HS, et al. Intravenous amisulpride for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: two concurrent, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Anesthesiology. 2017;126(2):268–275. doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000001458
  • Ahn EJ, Kang H, Choi GJ, Baek CW, Jung YH, Woo YC. The effectiveness of midazolam for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Anesth Analg. 2016;122(3):664–676. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000001062
  • Lee Y, Wang JJ, Yang YL, Chen A, Lai HY. Midazolam vs ondansetron for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting: a randomised controlled trial. Anaesthesia. 2007;62(1):18–22. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.2006.04895.x
  • Candiotti KA, Kranke P, Bergese SD, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of intravenous amisulpride as treatment of established postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients who have had no prior prophylaxis. Anesth Analg. 2019;128(6):1098–1105. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000003733
  • Lee A, Chan SK, Fan LT. Stimulation of the wrist acupuncture point PC6 for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(11):CD003281.
  • Alizadeh R, Esmaeili S, Shoar S, Bagheri-Hariri S, Shoar N. Acupuncture in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting: efficacy of two acupuncture points versus a single one. J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 2014;7(2):71–75. doi:10.1016/j.jams.2013.04.005
  • Chen ZY, Lin L, Wang HH, et al. Ondansetron combined with ST36 (Zusanli) acupuncture point injection for postoperative vomiting. Acupunct Med. 2014;32(2):124–131. doi:10.1136/acupmed-2013-010340
  • Lee SJ, Lee SM, Kim SI, et al. The effect of aprepitant for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing gynecologic surgery with intravenous patient controlled analgesia using fentanyl: aprepitant plus ramosetron vs ramosetron alone. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2012;63(3):221–226. doi:10.4097/kjae.2012.63.3.221
  • Yoo JH, Kim SI, Chung JW, Jun MR, Han YM, Kim YJ. Aprepitant in combination with palonosetron for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in female patients using intravenous patient-controlled analgesia. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2018;71(6):440–446. doi:10.4097/kja.d.18.00011
  • Habib AS, Keifer JC, Borel CO, White WD, Gan TJ. A comparison of the combination of aprepitant and dexamethasone versus the combination of ondansetron and dexamethasone for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing craniotomy. Anesth Analg. 2011;112(4):813–818. doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181ff47e2
  • Bilgen S, Kizilcik N, Haliloglu M, Yildirim G, Kaspar EC, Koner O. Effect of the dexamethasone-ondansetron combination versus dexamethasone-aprepitant combination to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim. 2018;46(5):373–380. doi:10.5152/TJAR.2018.53179
  • Holder-Murray J, Esper SA, Boisen ML, et al. Postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing colorectal surgery within an institutional enhanced recovery after surgery protocol: comparison of two prophylactic antiemetic regimens. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2019;72(4):344–350. doi:10.4097/kja.d.18.00355
  • Bergese SD, Puente EG, Antor MA, et al. A prospective, randomized, double-blinded, double-dummy pilot study to assess the preemptive effect of triple therapy with aprepitant, dexamethasone, and promethazine versus ondansetron, dexamethasone and promethazine on reducing the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting experienced by patients undergoing craniotomy under general anesthesia. Front Med (Lausanne). 2016;3:29.
  • Tiwari S, Katiyar S, Jain R. To compare antiemetic efficacy of palonosetron alone versus palonosetron combined with dexamethasone as a prophylactic regimen for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia. Int J Contemp Med Res. 2017;4(5):1186–1189.
  • Bala I, Bharti N, Murugesan S, Gupta R. Comparison of palonosetron with palonosetron-dexamethasone combination for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Minerva Anestesiol. 2014;80(7):779–784.
  • Ghosh S, Pal A, Biswas C, Biswas C, Ghosh TR, Ghosh T. Palonosetron and palonosetron plus dexamethasone to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective, randomized, double-blind comparative study. Anesth Essays Res. 2011;5(2):134–137. doi:10.4103/0259-1162.94751
  • Park JW, Jun JW, Lim YH, et al. The comparative study to evaluate the effect of palonosetron monotherapy versus palonosetron with dexamethasone combination therapy for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2012;63(4):334–339. doi:10.4097/kjae.2012.63.4.334
  • Swaro S, Karan D, Banerjee A. Comparison of palonosetron, dexamethasone, and palonosetron plus dexamethasone as prophylactic antiemetic and antipruritic drug in patients receiving intrathecal morphine for lower segment cesarean section. Anesth Essays Res. 2018;12(2):322–327. doi:10.4103/aer.AER_183_17
  • Blitz JD, Haile M, Kline R, et al. A randomized double blind study to evaluate efficacy of palonosetron with dexamethasone versus palonosetron alone for prevention of postoperative and postdischarge nausea and vomiting in subjects undergoing laparoscopic surgeries with high emetogenic risk. Am J Ther. 2012;19(5):324–329. doi:10.1097/MJT.0b013e318209dff1
  • Didehvar S, Viola-Blitz JD, Haile M, et al. A randomized, double blind study to evaluate the efficacy of palonosetron with dexamethasone versus palonosetron alone for prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting in subjects undergoing bariatric surgeries with high emetogenic risk. Open Anesthesiol J. 2013;7(1):30–36. doi:10.2174/1874321801307010030
  • Cho E, Kim DH, Shin S, Kim SH, Oh YJ, Choi YS. Efficacy of palonosetron-dexamethasone combination versus palonosetron alone for preventing nausea and vomiting related to opioid-based analgesia: a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial. Int J Med Sci. 2018;15(10):961–968. doi:10.7150/ijms.24230
  • Choi EK, Kim DG, Jeon Y. Comparison of the prophylactic antiemetic efficacy of aprepitant plus palonosetron versus aprepitant plus ramosetron in patients at high risk for postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective randomized-controlled trial. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 2016;26(5):354–357.
  • Campos GO, de Jesus Martins M, Jesus GN, et al. Palonosetron versus ondansetron for prevention of nausea and vomiting after total abdominal hysterectomy under spinal anesthesia with intrathecal morphine: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. BMC Anesthesiol. 2019;19(1):159. doi:10.1186/s12871-019-0830-7
  • Kaloria N, Sen I, Vikas S, Gupta R, Walia R. Palonosetron-dexamethasone versus ondansetron-dexamethasone to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a preliminary, randomized, double blinded study. Indian J Clin Anaesth. 2017;4(4):523–529.
  • Kumar A, Solanki SL, Gangakhedkar GR, Shylasree TS, Sharma KS. Comparison of palonosetron and dexamethasone with ondansetron and dexamethasone for postoperative nausea and vomiting in postchemotherapy ovarian cancer surgeries requiring opioid-based patient-controlled analgesia: a randomised, double-blind, active controlled study. Indian J Anaesth. 2018;62(10):773–779.
  • Prajapat G, Pareek A, Sethia S, Bhati K, Meena S. Role of ondansetron with dexamethasone and palonosetron with dexamethasone as antiemetic in laproscopic surgery under general anaesthesia: a comparative study. J Med Sci Clin Res. 2018;6(4):555–560. doi:10.18535/jmscr/v6i4.91
  • Rajnikant K, Bhukal I, Kaloria N, Soni SL, Kajal K. Comparison of palonosetron and dexamethasone with ondansetron and dexamethasone to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Anesth Essays Res. 2019;13(2):317–322. doi:10.4103/aer.AER_21_19
  • Sharma AN, Shankaranarayana P. Postoperative nausea and vomiting: palonosetron with dexamethasone vs. ondansetron with dexamethasone in laparoscopic hysterectomies. Oman Med J. 2015;30(4):252–256. doi:10.5001/omj.2015.51
  • Choi YS, Sohn HM, Do SH, Min KT, Woo JH, Baik HJ. Comparison of ramosetron and ondansetron for the treatment of established postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic surgery: a prospective, randomized, double-blinded multicenter trial. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2018;14:601–606. doi:10.2147/TCRM.S159211
  • Habib AS, Reuveni J, Taguchi A, White WD, Gan TJ. A comparison of ondansetron with promethazine for treating postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients who received prophylaxis with ondansetron: a retrospective database analysis. Anesth Analg. 2007;104(3):548–551. doi:10.1213/01.ane.0000252433.73485.be
  • Habib AS, Gan TJ. The effectiveness of rescue antiemetics after failure of prophylaxis with ondansetron or droperidol: a preliminary report. J Clin Anesth. 2005;17(1):62–65. doi:10.1016/j.jclinane.2004.04.004
  • Hahm TS, Hwang JW, Kim WH, et al. A prospective, randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of palonosetron in the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting over a 72-h period. J Anesth. 2015;29(1):21–28. doi:10.1007/s00540-014-1884-9
  • Candiotti KA, Ahmed SR, Cox D, Gan TJ. Palonosetron versus ondansetron as rescue medication for postoperative nausea and vomiting: a randomized, multicenter, open-label study. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2014;15:45. doi:10.1186/2050-6511-15-45
  • Kranke P, Thompson JP, Dalby PL, et al. Comparison of vestipitant with ondansetron for the treatment of breakthrough postoperative nausea and vomiting after failed prophylaxis with ondansetron. Br J Anaesth. 2015;114(3):423–429. doi:10.1093/bja/aeu376
  • Habib AS, Kranke P, Bergese SD, et al. Amisulpride for the rescue treatment of postoperative nausea or vomiting in patients failing prophylaxis: a randomized, placebo-controlled phase iii trial. Anesthesiology. 2019;130(2):203–212. doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000002509
  • Coloma M, White PF, Ogunnaike BO, et al. Comparison of acustimulation and ondansetron for the treatment of established postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesthesiology. 2002;97(6):1387–1392. doi:10.1097/00000542-200212000-00009
  • Hines S, Steels E, Chang A, Gibbons K. Aromatherapy for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;3.
  • Toth B, Lantos T, Hegyi P, et al. Ginger (Zingiber officinale): an alternative for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. A meta-analysis. Phytomedicine. 2018;50:8–18. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.007
  • Gupta R, Soto R. Prophylaxis and management of postoperative nausea and vomiting in enhanced recovery protocols: expert opinion statement from the American Society for Enhanced Recovery (ASER). Perioper Med (Lond). 2016;5:4. doi:10.1186/s13741-016-0029-0
  • Nygren J, Thacker J, Carli F, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in elective rectal/pelvic surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS(R)) society recommendations. Clin Nutr. 2012;31(6):801–816. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2012.08.012
  • Feldheiser A, Aziz O, Baldini G, et al. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) for gastrointestinal surgery, part 2: consensus statement for anaesthesia practice. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2016;60(3):289–334. doi:10.1111/aas.12651
  • Hedrick TL, McEvoy MD, Mythen MMG, et al. American Society for Enhanced Recovery and Perioperative Quality initiative joint consensus statement on postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction within an enhanced recovery pathway for elective colorectal surgery. Anesth Analg. 2018;126(6):1896–1907. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000002742
  • Sarin A, Litonius ES, Naidu R, Yost CS, Varma MG, Chen LL. Successful implementation of an enhanced recovery after surgery program shortens length of stay and improves postoperative pain, and bowel and bladder function after colorectal surgery. BMC Anesthesiol. 2016;16(1):55. doi:10.1186/s12871-016-0223-0
  • Lassen K, Coolsen MM, Slim K, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care for pancreaticoduodenectomy: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS(R)) society recommendations. Clin Nutr. 2012;31(6):817–830. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2012.08.011
  • Pecorelli N, Nobile S, Partelli S, et al. Enhanced recovery pathways in pancreatic surgery: state of the art. World J Gastroenterol. 2016;22(28):6456–6468. doi:10.3748/wjg.v22.i28.6456
  • Dorcaratto D, Grande L, Pera M. Enhanced recovery in gastrointestinal surgery: upper gastrointestinal surgery. Dig Surg. 2013;30(1):70–78. doi:10.1159/000350701
  • Cerantola Y, Valerio M, Persson B, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS((R))) society recommendations. Clin Nutr. 2013;32(6):879–887. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2013.09.014
  • Mattei A, Birkhaeuser FD, Baermann C, Warncke SH, Studer UE. To stent or not to stent perioperatively the ureteroileal anastomosis of ileal orthotopic bladder substitutes and ileal conduits? Results of a prospective randomized trial. J Urol. 2008;179(2):582–586. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2007.09.066
  • Azhar RA, Bochner B, Catto J, et al. Enhanced recovery after urological surgery: a contemporary systematic review of outcomes, key elements, and research needs. Eur Urol. 2016;70(1):176–187. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2016.02.051
  • Maloney I, Parker DC, Cookson MS, Patel S. Bladder cancer recovery pathways: a systematic review. Bladder Cancer. 2017;3(4):269–281. doi:10.3233/BLC-170136
  • Nelson G, Altman AD, Nick A, et al. Guidelines for pre- and intra-operative care in gynecologic/oncology surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS(R)) society recommendations–part I. Gynecol Oncol. 2016;140(2):313–322. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.11.015
  • Yoo JE, Oh DS. Potential benefits of acupuncture for enhanced recovery in gynaecological surgery. Forsch Komplementmed. 2015;22(2):111–116.
  • Macones GA, Caughey AB, Wood SL, et al. Guidelines for postoperative care in cesarean delivery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) society recommendations (part 3). Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;221:247.e1–247.e9. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2019.04.012
  • Pham Dang C, Gautheron E, Guilley J, et al. The value of adding sciatic block to continuous femoral block for analgesia after total knee replacement. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2005;30(2):128–133.
  • Soffin EM, YaDeau JT. Enhanced recovery after surgery for primary hip and knee arthroplasty: a review of the evidence. Br J Anaesth. 2016;117(suppl3):iii62–iii72. doi:10.1093/bja/aew362
  • Tan NLT, Hunt JL, Gwini SM. Does implementation of an enhanced recovery after surgery program for hip replacement improve quality of recovery in an Australian private hospital: a quality improvement study. BMC Anesthesiol. 2018;18(1):64. doi:10.1186/s12871-018-0525-5
  • Amaya F, Hosokawa T, Okamoto A, et al. Can acute pain treatment reduce postsurgical comorbidity after breast cancer surgery? A literature review. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:641508. doi:10.1155/2015/641508
  • Abdallah FW, Morgan PJ, Cil T, et al. Ultrasound-guided multilevel paravertebral blocks and total intravenous anesthesia improve the quality of recovery after ambulatory breast tumor resection. Anesthesiology. 2014;120(3):703–713. doi:10.1097/ALN.0000436117.52143.bc
  • Bashandy GM, Abbas DN. Pectoral nerves I and II blocks in multimodal analgesia for breast cancer surgery: a randomized clinical trial. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2015;40(1):68–74. doi:10.1097/AAP.0000000000000163
  • Olanders KJ, Lundgren GAE, Johansson AMG. Betamethasone in prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting following breast surgery. J Clin Anesth. 2014;26(6):461–465. doi:10.1016/j.jclinane.2014.02.006
  • Kim SH, Oh YJ, Park BW, Sim J, Choi YS. Effects of single-dose dexmedetomidine on the quality of recovery after modified radical mastectomy: a randomised controlled trial. Minerva Anestesiol. 2013;79(11):1248–1258.
  • Chiu C, Aleshi P, Esserman LJ, et al. Improved analgesia and reduced post-operative nausea and vomiting after implementation of an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathway for total mastectomy. BMC Anesthesiol. 2018;18(1):41. doi:10.1186/s12871-018-0505-9
  • Lu D, Wang Y, Zhao T, et al. Successful implementation of an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol reduces nausea and vomiting after infratentorial craniotomy for tumour resection: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Neurol. 2020;20(1). doi:10.1186/s12883-020-01699-z.
  • Dort J, Farwell D, Findlay M, et al. Optimal perioperative care in major head and neck cancer surgery with free flap reconstruction: a consensus review and recommendations from the enhanced recovery after surgery society. JAMA Otolaryngol. 2017;143(3):292. doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2016.2981
  • Fleming IO, Garratt C, Guha R, et al. Aggregation of marginal gains in cardiac surgery: feasibility of a perioperative care bundle for enhanced recovery in cardiac surgical patients. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2016;30(3):665–670. doi:10.1053/j.jvca.2016.01.017
  • Gemma M, Toma S, Lira Luce F, Beretta L, Braga M, Bussi M. Enhanced recovery program (ERP) in major laryngeal surgery: building a protocol and testing its feasibility. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2017;37(6):475–478.
  • Mihara T, Ishii T, Ka K, Goto T, Gluud C. Effects of steroids on quality of recovery and adverse events after general anesthesia: meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized clinical trials. PLoS One. 2016;11(9):e0162961. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0162961