Targeted approaches in the treatment of osteoporosis: differential mechanism of action of denosumab and clinical utility

References

• CavalliLBrandiMLAge- and gender-related macro and microarchitecture changes in bone structure and implications for treatmentInt J Clin Rheumatol201163359369
   Google Scholar
• BouxseinMLDeterminant of skeletal fragilityBest Pract Res Clin Rheumatol200519689791116301186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SirisESChenYTAbbottTABone mineral density thresholds for pharmacological intervention to prevent fracturesArch Intern Med2004164101108111215159268
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GallacherSJDixonTImpact of treatments for postmenopausal osteoporosis (bisphosphonates, parathyroid hormone, strontium ranelate, and denosumab) on bone quality: a systematic reviewCalcif Tissue Int201087646948420872215
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChenPMillerPDReckerRIncreases in BMD correlate with improvements in bone microarchitecture with teriparatide treatment in postmenopausal women with osteoporosisJ Bone Miner Res20072281173118017451369
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BrandiMLMicroarchitecture, the key to bone qualityRheumatology (Oxford)200948Suppl 4iv3iv819783591
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RiggsBLParfittAMDrugs used to treat osteoporosis: the critical need for a uniform nomenclature based on their action on bone remodelingJ Bone Miner Res200520217718415647810
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AmmannPShenVRobinBMaurasYBonjourJPRizzoliRStrontium ranelate improves bone resistance by increasing bone mass and improving architecture in intact female ratsJ Bone Miner Res200419122012202015537445
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FuchsRKAllenMRCondonKWStrontium ranelate does not stimulate bone formation in ovariectomized ratsOsteoporos Int20081991331134118385919
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PietschmannPRaunerMSiposWKerschan-SchindlKOsteoporosis: an age-related and gender-specific disease – a mini-reviewGerontology200955131218948685
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CummingsSRHow drugs decrease fracture risk: lessons from trialsJ Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact20022319820015758432
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BeckTJStoneKLOreskovicTLEffects of current and discontinued estrogen replacement therapy on hip structural geometry: the study of osteoporotic fracturesJ Bone Miner Res200116112103211011697807
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ReszkaAARodanGABisphosphonates mechanism of actionCurr Osteoporos Rep200312455216036064
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• RussellRGBisphosphonates: the first 40 yearsBone201149121921555003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CoxonFPHelfrichMHVan’t HofRProtein geranylgeranylation is required for osteoclast formation, function, and survival: inhibition by bisphosphonates and GGTI-298J Bone Miner Res20001581467147610934645
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ReszkaAAHalasy-NagyJMMasarachiaPJRodanGABisphosphonates act directly on the osteoclast to induce caspase cleavage of mst1 kinase during apoptosis. A link between inhibition of the mevalonate pathway and regulation of an apoptosis-promoting kinaseJ Biol Chem199927449349673497310574973
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halasy-NagyJMRodanGAReszkaAAInhibition of bone resorption by alendronate and risedronate does not require osteoclast apoptosisBone200129655355911728926
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RogersHLMarshallDRogersMJEffects of bisphosphonates on osteoclasts in vitro, studies by scanning electron microscopyBone200230343S
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AlakangasASelanderKMulariMAlendronate disturbs vesicular trafficking in osteoclastsCalcif Tissue Int2002701404711907706
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de GroenPCLubbeDFHirschLJEsophagitis associated with the use of alendronateN Engl J Med199633514101610218793925
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BlankMAEmsBLGibsonGWNonclinical model for assessing gastric effects of bisphosphonatesDig Dis Sci19974222812889052507
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ElliottSNMcKnightWDaviesNMAlendronate induces gastric injury and delays ulcer healing in rodentsLife Sci199862177919444970
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PeterCPKindtMVMajkaJAComparative study of potential for bisphosphonates to damage gastric mucosa of ratsDig Dis Sci1998435100910159590415
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• XiongYYangHJFengJShiZLWuLDEffects of alendronate on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MG-63 cellsJ Int Med Res200937240741619383235
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WellsGACranneyAPetersonJAlendronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal womenCochrane Database Syst Rev20081CD00115518253985
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WellsGACranneyAPetersonJRisedronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal womenCochrane Database Syst Rev20081CD00452318254053
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BlackDMDelmasPDEastellRHORIZON Pivotal Fracture TrialOnce-yearly zoledronic acid for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosisN Engl J Med2007356181809182217476007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChesnutCHIIISkagAChristiansenCOral Ibandronate Osteoporosis Vertebral Fracture Trial in North America and Europe (BONE)Effects of oral ibandronate administered daily or intermittently on fracture risk in postmenopausal osteoporosisJ Bone Miner Res20041981241124915231010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ReckerRMasarachiaPSantoraATrabecular bone microarchitecture after alendronate treatment of osteoporotic womenCurr Med Res Opin200521218519415801989
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DufresneTEChmielewskiPAManhartMDJohnsonTDBorahBRisedronate preserves bone architecture in early postmenopausal women in 1 year as measured by three-dimensional microcomputed tomographyCalcif Tissue Int200373542343212964065
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SeemanETo stop or not to stop, that is the questionOsteoporos Int200920218719519096746
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ReginsterJYBruyèreOSawickiALong-term treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with strontium ranelate: results at 8 yearsBone20094561059106419679207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Medicines AgencyProtelos: scientific discussion Available from: http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages/medicines/human/medicines/000560/human_med_000999.jsp&jsenabled=trueAccessed October 12, 2009
   Google Scholar
• DeeksEDDhillonSStrontium ranelate: a review of its use in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosisDrugs201070673375920394457
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MariePJAmmannPBoivinGReyCMechanisms of action and therapeutic potential of strontium in boneCalcif Tissue Int200169312112911683526
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BrennanTCRybchynMSGreenWAtwaSConigraveADMasonRSOsteoblasts play key roles in the mechanisms of action of strontium ranelateBr J Pharmacol200915771291130019563530
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZhuLLZaidiSPengYInduction of a program gene expression during osteoblast differentiation with strontium ranelateBiochem Biophys Res Commun2007355230731117300752
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChattopadhyayNQuinnSJKiforOYeCBrownEMThe calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) is involved in strontium ranelate-induced osteoblast proliferationBiochem Pharmacol200774343844717531955
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CaverzasioJStrontium ranelate promotes osteoblastic cell replication through at least two different mechanismsBone20084261131113618378206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FromiguèOHayEBarbaraACalcium sensing receptor-dependent and receptor-independent activation of osteoblast replication and survival by strontium ranelateJ Cell Mol Med2009138B2189219920141614
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MeunierPJRouxCSeemanEThe effects of strontium ranelate on the risk of vertebral fracture in women with postmenopausal osteoporosisN Eng J Med20043505459468
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ReginsterJYSeemanEDe VernejoulMCStrontium ranelate reduces the risk of nonvertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: Treatment of Peripheral Osteoporosis (TROPOS) studyJ Clin Endocrinol Metab20059052816282215728210
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ReginsterJYFelsenbergDBoonenSEffects of long term strontium ranelate treatment on the risk of nonvertebral and vertebral fractures in postmenopausal osteoporosis: results of a 5-year randomized, placebo-controlled trialAtrthritis Rheum200858616871695
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DelmasPDTreatment of postmenopausal osteoporosisLancet200235993222018202612076571
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ReckerRRMarinFIsh-ShalomSComparative effects of teriparatide and strontium ranelate on bone biopsies and biochemical markers of bone turnover in postmenopausal women with osteoporosisJ Bone Miner Res20092481358136819338452
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RiggsBLParfittAMDrugs used to treat osteoporosis: the critical need of a uniform nomenclature based on their action on bone remodelingJ Bone Miner Res200520217718415647810
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ReckerRRBareSPSmithSYCancellous and cortical bone architecture and turnover at the iliac crest of postmenopausal osteoporotic women treated with parathyroid hormone 1–84Bone200944111311918983947
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MiyakoshiNEffects of parathyroid hormone on cancellous bone mass and structure in osteoporosisCurr Pharm Des200410212615262715320749
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AdamiSBrandiMLCanonicoPLMinisolaGMinisolaSTarantinoUAppropriate use of anabolic treatment for severe osteoporosisClin Cases Miner Bone Metab20107211412222460015
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BoneHGHoskingDDevogelaerJPTen years’ experience with alendronate for osteoporosis in postmenopausal womenN Engl J Med2004350121189119915028823
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FinkelsteinJSWylandJJLederBZEffects of teriparatide retreatment in osteoporotic men and womenJ Clin Endocrinol Metab20099472495250119401368
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EastellRNickelsenTMarinFSequential treatment of severe postmenopausal osteoporosis after teriparatide: final results of the randomized, controlled European study of Forsteo (EUROFORS)J Bone Miner Res200924472673619049337
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KawateHTakayanagiREfficacy and safety of bazedoxifene for postmenopausal osteoporosisClin Interv Aging2011615116021753870
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SilvermanSLChristiansenCGenantHKEfficacy of bazedoxifene in reducing new vertebral fracture risk in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: results from a 3-year, randomized, placebo- and active-controlled clinical trialJ Bone Miner Res200823121923193418665787
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MillerPDChinesAAChristiansenCEffects of bazedoxifene on BMD and bone turnover in postmenopausal women: 2-yr results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-, and active-controlled studyJ Bone Miner Res200823452553518072873
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collin-OsdobyPRegulation of vascular calcification by osteoclast regulatory factors RANKL and osteoprotegerinCirc Res200495111046105715564564
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LewieckiEMTreatment of osteoporosis with denosumabMaturitas201066218218620236778
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HsuHLaceyDLDunstanCRTumor necrosis factor receptor family member RANK mediates osteoclast differentiation and activation induced by osteoprotegerin ligandProc Natl Acad Sci U S A19999673540354510097072
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaceyDLTimmsETanHLOsteoprotegerin ligand is a cytokine that regulates osteoclast differentiation and activationCell19989321651769568710
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SimonetWSLaceyDLDunstanCROsteoprotegerin: a novel secreted protein involved in the regulation of bone densityCell19978923093199108485
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BurgessTLQianYKaufmanSThe ligand for osteoprotegerin (OPGL) directly activates mature osteoclastsJ Cell Biol1999145352753810225954
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MosekildeLSogaardCHDanielsenCCTorringOThe anabolic effects of human parathyroid hormone (hPTH) on rat vertebral body mass are also reflected in the quality of bone, assessed by biomechanical testing: a comparison study between hPTH-1–34 and hPTH-1–84Endocrinology199112914214282055197
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaceyDLTanHLLuJOsteoprotegerin ligand modulates murine osteoclast survival in vitro and in vivoAm J Pathol2000157243544810934148
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HofbauerLCSchoppetMClinical implications of the osteoprotegerin/RANKL/RANK system for bone and vascular diseasesJAMA2004292449049515280347
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BoyleWJSimonetWSLaceyDLOsteoclast differentiation and activationNature2003423693733734212748652
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YasudaHShimaNNakagawaNIdentity of osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor (OCIF) and osteoprotegerin (OPG): a mechanism by which OPG/OCIF inhibits osteoclastogenesis in vitroEndocrinology19981393132913379492069
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KhoslaSMinireview: the OPG/RANKL/RANK systemEndocrinology2001142125050505511713196
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YasudaHShimaNNakagawaNOsteoclast differentiation factor is a ligand for osteoprotegerin/osteoclastogenesis-inhibitory factor and is identical to TRANCE/RANKLProc Natl Acad Sci U S A1998957359736029520411
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AndersonDMMaraskovskyEBillingsleyWLA homologue of the TNF receptor and its ligand enhance T-cell growth and dendritic-cell functionNature199739066561751799367155
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MizunoAKannoTHoshiMTransgenic mice overexpressing soluble osteoclast differentiation factor (sODF) exhibit severe osteoporosisJ Bone Miner Metab200220633734412434161
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eghbali-FatourechiGKhoslaSSanyalABoyleWJLaceyDLRiggsBLRole of RANK ligand in mediating increased bone resorption in early postmenopausal womenJ Clin Invest200311181221123012697741
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BekkerPJHollowayDLRasmussenASA single-dose placebo-controlled study of AMG 162, a fully human monoclonal antibody to RANKL, in postmenopausal womenJ Bone Miner Res20041971059106615176987
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClungMRLewieckiEMCohenSBDenosumab in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral densityN Engl J Med2006354882183116495394
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LewieckiEMMillerPDMcClungMRTwo-year treatment with denosumab (AMG 162) in a randomized phase 2 study of postmenopausal women with low BMDJ Bone Miner Res200722121832184117708711
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MillerPDBologneseMALewieckiEMEffect of denosumab on bone density and turnover in postmenopausal women with low bone mass after long-term continued, discontinued, and restarting of therapy: a randomized blinded phase 2 clinical trialBone200843222222918539106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CummingsSRSan MartinJMcClungMRDenosumab for prevention of fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosisN Engl J Med2009361875676519671655
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BoneHGBologneseMAYuenCKEffects of denosumab on bone mineral density and bone turnover in postmenopausal womenJ Clin Endocrinol Metab20089362149215718381571
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BrownJPPrinceRLDealCComparison of the effect of denosumab and alendronate on BMD and biochemical markers of bone turnover in postmenopausal women with low bone mass: a randomized, blinded, phase 3 trialJ Bone Miner Res200924115316118767928
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KendlerDLRouxCBenhamouCLEffects of denosumab on bone mineral density and bone turnover in postmenopausal women transitioning from alendronate therapyJ Bone Miner Res2010251728119594293
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HiligsmannMReginsterJYPotential cost-effectiveness of denosumab for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporotic womenBone2010471344020303422
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ClowesJARiggsBLKhoslaSThe role of the immune system in the pathophysiology of osteoporosisImmunol Rev200520820722716313351
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• XingLSchwarzEMBoyceBFOsteoclast precursors, RANKL/ RANK, and immunologyImmunol Rev2005208192916313338
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DougallWCGlaccumMCharrierKRANK is essential for osteoclast and lymph node developmentGenes Dev199913182412242410500098
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KongYYYoshidaHSarosiIOPGL is a key regulator of osteoclastogenesis, lymphocyte development and lymph-node organogenesisNature199939767173153239950424
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ReidIRBenhamouCLBologneseMEffects of denosumab on bone histology and histomorphometry: the FREEDOM and STAND studies [abstract]J Bone Miner Res200924Suppl 1S9
   Google Scholar
• United States Food and Drug Administration, Amgen IncBriefing information for the August 13, 2009 meeting of the Reproductive Health Drugs Advisory Committee2009 Available from: http://www.fda.gov/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/Drugs/ReproductiveHealth-DrugsAdvisoryCommittee/ucm176584.htmAccessed October 30, 2009
   Google Scholar
• LeeRJSaylorPLSmithMRTreatment and prevention of bone complication from prostate cancerBone2011481889520621630
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BodyJJFaconTColemanREA study of the biological receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand inhibitor, denosumab, in patients with multiple myeloma or bone metastases from breast cancerClin Cancer Res20061241221122816489077
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LiptonAStegerGGFigueroaJRandomized active-controlled phase II study of denosumab efficacy and safety in patients with breast cancer-related bone metastasesJ Clin Oncol200725284431443717785705
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeodharADoreRKMandelDDenosumab-mediated increase in hand bone mineral density associated with decreased progression of bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis patientsArthritis Care Res (Hoboken)201062456957420391513
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KhoslaSIncreasing options for the treatment of osteoporosisN Engl J Med2009361881882019671654
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AnastasilakisADToulisKAGoulisDGEfficacy and safety of denosumab in postmenopausal women with osteopenia or osteoporosis: a systematic review and a meta-analysisHorm Metab Res2009411072172919536731
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KyrgidisAToulisKADenosumab-related osteonecrosis of the jawsOsteoporos Int201122136937020306021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HenryDvon MoosRVadhan-RajSA double-blind, randomized study of denosumab versus zoledronic acid for the treatment of bone metastases in patients with advanced cancer (excluding breast and prostate cancer) or multiple myelomaEur J Cancer Suppl20097312
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StopeckABodyJJFujiwaraYDenosumab versus zoledronic acid for the treatment of breast cancer patients with bone metastases: results of a randomized phase 3 studyEur J Cancer Suppl20097323
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HessLMJeterJMBenham-HutchinsMAlbertsDSFactors associated with osteonecrosis of the jaw among bisphosphonate usersAm J Med2008121647548318501224
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KyrgidisAVahtsevanosKOsteonecrosis of the jaw in patients receiving oral bisphosphonatesOsteoporos Int201021353553619862464
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EdwardsBJGounderMMcKoyJMPharmacovigilance and reporting oversight in US FDA fast-track process: bisphosphonates and osteonecrosis of the jawLancet Oncol20089121166117219038763
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KyrgidisAVahtsevanosK“Fatigue” having a role in the pathogenesis of osteonecrosis of the jawsClin Oral Investig2009134479480
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GordonDDenosumab increases bone density, no atypical fracture riskMedscape Medical News [website on the Internet]11102011 Available from: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/753389Accessed January 17, 2012
   Google Scholar
• ReszkaAARodanGABisphosphonate mechanism of actionCurr Rheumatol Rep200351657412590887
   PubMedGoogle Scholar