The causes, consequences, and treatment of left or right heart failure

References

• HuntSAAbrahamWTChinMS2009Focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2005 Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association. Task Force on Practice Guidelines: developed in collaboration with the International Society for Heart and Lung TransplantationJ Am CollCardiol20095315e1e90
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DicksteinKCohen-SolalAFilippatosGESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2008 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association of the ESC (HFA) and endorsed by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM)Eur Heart J200829192388244218799522
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BhatiaRSTuJVLeeDSOutcome of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in a population-based studyN Engl J Med2006355326026916855266
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OwanTEHodgeDOHergesRMJacobsenSJRogerVLRedfieldMMTrends in prevalence and outcome of heart failure with preserved ejection fractionN Engl J Med2006355325125916855265
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MosterdAHoesAWClinical epidemiology of heart failureHeart20079391137114617699180
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FoxKFCowieMRWoodDACoronary artery disease as the cause of incident heart failure in the populationEur Heart J200122322823611161934
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GheorghiadeMBonowROChronic heart failure in the United States: a manifestation of coronary artery diseaseCirculation19989732822899462531
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RepettoADal BelloBPasottiMCoronary atherosclerosis in end stage idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: an innocent bystander?Eur Heart J200526151519152715917275
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HedrichOJacobMHauptmanPJProgression of coronary artery disease in non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathyCoron Artery Dis200415529129715238827
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ShizukudaYSonnenblickEHLe JemtelTHFormanRCoronary flow reserve of nonischemic heart failureCongest Heart Fail19995520821512189302
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SantagataPRigoFGherardiSClinical and functional determinants of coronary flow reserve in non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy: an echocardiographic studyInt J Cardiol20051051465216207544
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SuttonMGSharpeNLeft ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction: pathophysiology and therapyCirculation2000101252981298810869273
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FenelonGWijnsWAndriesEBrugadaPTachycardiomyopathy: mechanisms and clinical implicationsPacing Clin Electrophysiol1996191951068848384
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WijnsWVatnerSFCamiciPGHibernating myocardiumN Engl J Med199833931731819664095
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HeJOgdenLGBazzanoLAVupputuriSLoriaCWheltonPKRisk factors for congestive heart failure in US men and women: NHANES I epidemiologic follow-up studyArch Intern Med20011617996100211295963
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• VasanRSLevyDThe role of hypertension in the pathogenesis of heart failure: a clinical mechanistic overviewArch Intern Med199615616178917968790072
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LevyDLarsonMGVasanRSKannelWBHoKKThe progression from hypertension to congestive heart failureJAMA199627520155715628622246
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LipGYFelmedenDCLi-Saw-HeeFLBeeversDGHypertensive heart disease. A complex syndrome or a hypertensive ‘cardiomyopathy’?Eur Heart J200021201653166511032692
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WeberKTSunYGuardaEStructural remodelling in hypertensive heart disease and the roles of hormonesHypertension1994236 Pt 28698778206620
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• InouyeIMassieBLogeAbnormal left ventricular filling: an early finding in mild to moderate systemic hypertensionAm J Cardiol19845311201266691248
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SmithVESchulmanPKarimeddiniMKWhiteWBMeeranMKKatzAMRapid ventricular filling in left ventricular hypertrophy: II. Pathologic hypertrophyJ Am CollCardiol198554869874
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PearsonACGudipatiCNagelhoutDSearJCohenJDLabovitzAJEchocardiographic evaluation of cardiac structure and function in elderly subjects with isolated systolic hypertensionJ Am CollCardiol1991172422430
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DevereuxRBLeft ventricular diastolic dysfunction: early diastolic relaxation and late diastolic complianceJ Am CollCardiol1989132337339
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MarcusMLHarrisonDGChilianWMAlterations in the coronary circulation in hypertrophied ventriclesCirculation1987751 Pt 2I19I252947748
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GonzálezAFortuñoMAQuerejetaRCardiomyocyte apoptosis in hypertensive cardiomyopathyCardiovasc Res200359354956214499856
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ElliottPAnderssonBArbustiniEClassification of the cardiomyopathies: a position statement from the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial DiseasesEur Heart J200829227027617916581
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BurkettELHershbergerREClinical and genetic issues in familial dilated cardiomyopathyJ Am CollCardiol2005457969981
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MestroniLMaischBMcKennaGuidelines for the study of familial dilated cardiomyopathies. Collaborative Research Group of the European Human and Capital Mobility Project on Familial Dilated CardiomyopathyEur Heart J19992029310210099905
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ElliottPMcKennaWJHypertrophic cardiomyopathyLancet200436394241881189115183628
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HarrisKMSpiritoPMaronMSPrevalence, clinical profile, and significance of left ventricular remodeling in the end-stage phase of hypertrophic cardiomyopathyCirculation2006114321622516831987
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FagardRAthlete’s heartHeart200389121455146114617564
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BassoCCorradoDMarcusFINavaAThieneGArrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathyLancet200937396711289130019362677
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EngberdingRYelbuzTMBreithardtGIsolated noncompaction of the left ventricular myocardium – a review of the literature two decades after the initial case descriptionClin Res Cardiol200796748148817534568
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MurphyRTThamanRBlanesJGNatural history and familial characteristics of isolated left ventricular non-compactionEur Heart J2005262187192 Erratum in Eur Heart J. 2008;29(15):1925.15618076
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FranciosaJAParkMLevineTBLack of correlation between exercise capacity and indexes of resting left ventricular performance in heart failureAm J Cardiol198147133397457405
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CoatsAJAdamopoulosSRadaelliAControlled trial of physical training in chronic heart failure. Exercise performance, hemodynamics, ventilation, and autonomic functionCirculation1992856211921311591831
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HambrechtRNiebauerJFiehnEPhysical training in patients with stable chronic heart failure: effects on cardiorespiratory fitness and ultrastructural abnormalities of leg musclesJ Am CollCardiol199525612391249
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RostagnoCGensiniGFSix minute walk test: a simple and useful test to evaluate functional capacity in patients with heart failureIntern Emerg Med20083320521218299800
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SolomonSDDobsonJPocockSInfluence of nonfatal hospitalization for heart failure on subsequent mortality in patients with chronic heart failureCirculation2007116131482148717724259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FonarowGCHeywoodJTHeidenreichPALopatinMYancyCWADHERE Scientific Advisory Committee and InvestigatorsTemporal trends in clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes for heart failure hospitalizations, 2002 to 2004: findings from Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE)Am Heart J200715361021102817540205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BrownDWHaldemanGACroftJBGilesWHMensahGARacial or ethnic differences in hospitalization for heart failure among elderly adults: Medicare, 1990 to 2000Am Heart J2005150344845416169322
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KlapholzMMaurerMLoweAMHospitalization for heart failure in the presence of a normal left ventricular ejection fraction: results of the New York Heart Failure RegistryJ Am CollCardiol200443814321438
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HaldemanGACroftJBGilesWHRashideeAHospitalization of patients with heart failure: National Hospital Discharge Survey, 1985 to 1995Am Heart J199913723523609924171
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MosterdAReitsmaJBGrobbeeDEACE inhibition and hospitalisation rates for heart failure in the Netherlands 1980–1999. The end of an epidemic?Heart2002871388392
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BleuminkGSKnetschAMSturkenboomMCQuantifying the heart failure epidemic: prevalence, incidence rate, lifetime risk and prognosis of heart failure The Rotterdam StudyEur Heart J200425181614161915351160
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LevyDKenchaiahSLarsonMGLong-term trends in the incidence of and survival with heart failureN Engl J Med2002347181397140212409541
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CowieMRWoodDACoatsAJSurvival of patients with a new diagnosis of heart failure: a population based studyHeart200083550551010768897
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SenniMTribouilloyCMRodehefferRJCongestive heart failure in the community: a study of all incident cases in Olmsted County, Minnesota, in 1991Circulation19989821228222899826315
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MuntwylerJAbetelGGrunerCFollathFOne-year mortality among unselected outpatients with heart failureEur Heart J200223231861186612445535
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BlackledgeHMTomlinsonJSquireIBPrognosis for patients newly admitted to hospital with heart failure: survival trends in 12 220 index admissions in Leicestershire 1993–2001Heart200389661562012748214
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BrophyJMJosephLRouleauJLBeta-blockers in congestive heart failure. A Bayesian meta-analysisAnn Intern Med2001134755056011281737
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RogerVLWestonSARedfieldMMTrends in heart failure incidence and survival in a community-based populationJAMA2004292334435015265849
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LevyWCMozaffarianDLinkerDTThe Seattle Heart Failure Model: prediction of survival in heart failureCirculation2006113111424143316534009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeedwaniaPCThe key to unraveling the mystery of mortality in heart failure: an integrated approachCirculation2003107131719172112682028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GhaliJKAnandISAbrahamWTRandomized double-blind trial of darbepoetinalfa in patients with symptomatic heart failure and anemiaCirculation2008117452653518195176
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SzucsTDSokolovicEEconomic significance of heart failure. An overview of costs and economics of therapyHerz200025553854610993002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StewartSJenkinsABuchanSMcGuireACapewellSMcMurrayJJThe current cost of heart failure to the National Health Service in the UKEur J Heart Fail20024336137112034163
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MohammadiMEkmanISchaufelbergerMRelationship between blood pressure levels and adherence to medication in patients with chronic heart failure: how come?Vasc Health Risk Manag200951131919436649
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SochalskiJJaarsmaTKrumholzHMWhat works in chronic care management: the case of heart failureHealth Aff (Millwood)200928117918919124869
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CicconeMMAquilinoACorteseFFeasibility and effectiveness of a disease and care management model in the primary health care system for patients with heart failure and diabetes (Project Leonardo)Vasc Health Risk Manag2010629730520479952
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• InglisSCClarkRAMcAlisterFAStructured telephone support or telemonitoring programmes for patients with chronic heart failureCochrane Database Syst Rev.20108CD00722820687083
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChaudhrySIMatteraJACurtisJPTelemonitoring in patients with heart failureN Engl J Med2010363242301230921080835
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KoehlerFWinklerSSchieberMTelemedical Interventional Monitoring in Heart Failure (TIM-HF), a randomized, controlled intervention trial investigating the impact of telemedicine on mortality in ambulatory patients with heart failure: study designEur J Heart Fail201012121354136221098580
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PalazzuoliAGallottaMQuatriniINutiRNatriuretic peptides (BNP and NT-proBNP): measurement and relevance in heart failureVasc Health Risk Manag2010641141820539843
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BaibarsMIbrahimAFangJCSipahiINatriuretic peptide-guided management of patients with heart failure: a decade of progress but still a controversyFuture Cardiol20106674374721142628
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• JaarsmaTBeattieJMRyderMPalliative care in heart failure: a position statement from the palliative care workshop of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of CardiologyEur J Heart Fail200911543344319386813
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SmartNExercise training for heart failure patients with and without systolic dysfunction: an evidence-based analysis of how patients benefitCardiol Res Pract.2010 2011.pii:837238.
   Google Scholar
• PiepoliMFDavosCFrancisDPCoatsAJExTraMATCH CollaborativeExercise training meta-analysis of trials in patients with chronic heart failure (ExTraMATCH)Br Med J.2004328743318914729656
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• O’ConnorCMWhellanDJLeeKLEfficacy and safety of exercise training in patients with chronic heart failure: HF-ACTION randomized controlled trialJAMA2009301141439145019351941
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RamaniGVUberPAMehraMRChronic heart failure: contemporary diagnosis and managementMayo Clin Proc201085218019520118395
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VargoDLKramerWGBlackPKSmithWBSerpasTBraterDCBioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of torsemide and furosemide in patients with congestive heart failureClin Pharmacol Ther19955766016097781259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HerchuelzADerenneFDegerFInteraction between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and loop diuretics: modulation by sodium balanceJ Pharmacol Exp Ther19892483117511812703968
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RislerTSchwabAKramerBBraunNErleyCComparative pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of loop diuretics in renal failureCardiology199484Suppl 21551617954539
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DormansTPvan MeyelJJGerlagPGTanYRusselFGSmitsPDiuretic efficacy of high dose furosemide in severe heart failure: bolus injection versus continuous infusionJ Am CollCardiol1996282376382
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SicaDAGehrTWDiuretic combinations in refractory oedema states: pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationshipsClin Pharmacokinet19963032292498882303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LinzWScholkensBAA specific B2–bradykinin receptor antagonist HOE 140 abolishes the antihypertrophic effect of ramiprilBr J Pharmacol199210547717721324047
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonaldKMMockJD’AloiaABradykinin antagonism inhibits the antigrowth effect of converting enzyme inhibition in the dog myocardium after discrete transmural myocardial necrosisCirculation1995917204320487895363
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BastienNRJuneauAVOuelletteJLambertCChronic AT1 receptor blockade and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition in (CHF 146) cardiomyopathic hamsters: effects on cardiac hypertrophy and survivalCardiovasc Res1999431778510536692
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GargRYusufSOverview of randomized trials of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failureJAMA19952731814501456 Erratum in: JAMA. 1995; 274(6):462.7654275
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PackerMMedinaNYushakMMellerJHemodynamic patterns of response during long-term captopril therapy for severe chronic heart failureCirculation19836848038126352079
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PackerMLeeWHMedinaNYushakMKesslerPDFunctional renal insufficiency during long-term therapy with captopril and enalapril in severe chronic heart failureAnn Intern Med198710633463543028221
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IsrailiZHHallWDCough and angioneuroticedema associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy. A review of the literature and pathophysiologyAnn Intern Med199211732342421616218
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WooKSNichollsMGHigh prevalence of persistent cough with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in ChineseBr J Clin Pharmacol19954021411448562296
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RoigEPerez-VillaFMoralesMClinical implications of increased plasma angiotensin II despite ACE inhibitor therapy in patients with congestive heart failureEur Heart J2000211535710610744
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BurnierMBrunnerHRAngiotensin II receptor antagonistsLancet2000355920463764510696996
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StruthersADAngiotensin II receptor antagonists for heart failureHeart1998801569764049
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeeVCRhewDCDylanMBadamgaravEBraunsteinGDWeingartenSRMeta-analysis: angiotensin-receptor blockers in chronic heart failure and high risk acute myocardial infarctionAnn Intern Med20041419693704 Erratum in: Ann Intern Med. 2005; 42(5):391.15520426
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ShibataMCTsuyukiRTWiebeNThe effects of angiotensin-receptor blockers on mortality and morbidity in heart failure: a systematic reviewInt J Clin Pract20086291397140218793376
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II): a randomised trialLancet1999353914691310023943
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF)Lancet199935391692001200710376614
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HjalmarsonAGoldsteinSFagerbergBEffects of controlled-release metoprolol on total mortality, hospitalizations, and well-being in patients with heart failure: the Metoprolol CR/XL Randomized Intervention Trial in congestive heart failure (MERIT-HF). MERIT-HF Study GroupJAMA2000283101295130210714728
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PackerMCoatsAJFowlerMBEffect of carvedilol on survival in severe chronic heart failureN Engl J Med2001344221651165811386263
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PackerMFowlerMBRoeckerEBEffect of carvedilol on the morbidity of patients with severe chronic heart failure: results of the carvedilol prospective randomized cumulative survival (COPERNICUS) studyCirculation2002106172194219912390947
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FlatherMDShibataMCCoatsAJRandomized trial to determine the effect of nebivolol on mortality and cardiovascular hospital admission in elderly patients with heart failure (SENIORS)Eur Heart J200526321522515642700
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clinical outcome with enalapril in symptomatic chronic heart failure; a dose comparison. The NETWORK InvestigatorsEur Heart J19981934814899568453
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PackerMPoole-WilsonPAArmstrongPWfor the ATLAS Study GroupComparative effects of low and high doses of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, lisinopril, on morbidity and mortality in chronic heart failureCirculation1999100232312231810587334
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StruthersADAldosterone escape during angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy in chronic heart failureJ Card Fail19962147548798105
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• FarquharsonCAStruthersADSpironolactone increases nitric oxide bioactivity, improves endothelial vasodilator dysfunction, and suppresses vascular angiotensin I/angiotensin II conversion in patients with chronic heart failureCirculation2000101659459710673249
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PittBZannadFRemmeWJRandomized Spironolactone Evaluation Study InvestigatorsThe effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failureN Engl J Med19993411070971710471456
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PittBRemmeWZannadFEplerenone Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Efficacy and Survival Study InvestigatorsEplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarctionN Engl J Med20033481413091321 Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2003; 348(22):2271.12668699
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZannadFMcMurrayJJVKrumHEplerenone in patients with systolic heart failure and mild symptomsNew Eng J Med20113641112121073363
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CohnJNArchibaldDGZiescheSEffect of vasodilator therapy on mortality in chronic congestive heart failure: results of the Veterans Administration Cooperative StudyN Engl J Med198631424154715523520315
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CohnJNJohnsonGZiescheSA comparison of enalapril with hydralazine-isosorbidedinitrate in the treatment of chronic heart failureN Engl J Med199132563033102057035
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• TaylorALZiescheSYancyCCombination of isosorbidedinitrate and hydralazine in blacks with heart failureN Engl J Med20043512020492057 Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2005;352(12):1276.15533851
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GheorghiadeMAdamsKFJrColucciWSDigoxin in the management of cardiovascular disordersCirculation2004109242959296415210613
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GheorghiadeMFergusonDDigoxin: a neurohormonal modulator in heart failure?Circulation1991845218121861834367
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The effect of digoxin on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure. Digitalis Investigation GroupN Engl J Med199733685255339036306
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AllmanKCShawLJHachamovitchRUdelsonJEMyocardial viability testing and impact of revascularization on prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction: a meta-analysisJ Am CollCardiol200239711511158
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VelazquezEJLeeKLO’ConnorCMThe rationale and design of the Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH) trialJ Thorac Cardiovasc Surg200713461540154718023680
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di SalvoTGAckerMADecGWByrneJGMitral valve surgery in advanced heart failureJ Am CollCardiol2010554271282
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiodatoMDMoonMRPasqueMKRepair of ischemic mitral regurgitation does not increase mortality or improve long-term survival in patients undergoing coronary artery revascularization: a propensity analysisAnn Thorac Surg200478379479915336993
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JonesRHVelazquezEJMichlerRESTICH Hypothesis 2 InvestigatorsCoronary bypass surgery with or without surgical ventricular reconstructionN Engl J Med2009360171705171719329820
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MossAJZarebaWHallWJMulticenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial II InvestigatorsProphylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fractionN Engl J Med20023461287788311907286
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BardyGHLeeKLMarkDBSudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial (SCD-HeFT) InvestigatorsAmiodarone or an implantable cardio-defibrillator for congestive heart failureN Engl J Med20053523225237 Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2005;352(20):2146.15659722
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZipesDPCammAJBorggrefeMACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for Management of Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death)J Am CollCardiol20064854e247e346
   Google Scholar
• BristowMRSaxonLABoehmerJCardiac-resynchronization therapy with or without an implantable defibrillator in advanced chronic heart failureN Engl J Med2004350212140215015152059
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AuricchioAKlossMTrautmannSIRodnerSKleinHExercise performance following cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with heart failure and ventricular conduction delayAm J Cardiol200289219820311792342
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ClelandJGDaubertJCErdmannEThe effect of cardiac resynchronization on morbidity and mortality in heart failureN Engl J Med2005352151539154915753115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAlisterFAEskowitzJHootonNCardiac resynchronization therapy for patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction: a systematic reviewJAMA2007297222502251417565085
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BeshaiJFGrimmRANaguehSFCardiac-resynchronization therapy in heart failure with narrow QRS complexesN Engl J Med2007357242461247117986493
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChungESLeonARTavazziLResults of the Predictors of Response to CRT (PROSPECT) trialCirculation2008117202608261618458170
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MossAJHallWJCannomDSCardiac-resynchronization therapy for the prevention of heart-failure eventsN Engl J Med2009361141329133819723701
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LindeCAbrahamWTGoldMRRandomized trial of cardiac resynchronization in mildly symptomatic heart failure patients and in asymptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction and previous heart failure symptomsJ Am CollCardiol2008522318341843
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DaubertCGoldMRAbrahamWTPrevention of disease progression by cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic left ventricular dysfunction: insights from the European cohort of the REVERSE (Resynchronization Reverses Remodeling in Systolic Left Ventricular Dysfunction) trialJ Am CollCardiol2009542018371846
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DicksteinKVardasPEAuricchioA2010 Focused Update of ESC Guidelines on device therapy in heart failure: an update of the 2008 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure and the 2007 ESC guidelines for cardiac and resynchronization therapy. Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association and the European Heart Rhythm AssociationEur Heart J201031212677268720801924
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RoseEAGelijnsACMoskowitzAJLong-term use of a left ventricular assist device for end-stage heart failureN Engl J Med2001345201435144311794191
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SlaughterMSRogersJGMilanoCAAdvanced heart failure treated with continuous-flow left ventricular assist deviceN Engl J Med2009361232241225119920051
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StehlikJEdwardsLBKucheryavayaAYThe Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: twenty-seventh official adult heart transplant report – 2010J Heart Lung Transplant201029101089110320870164
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BöhmMSwedbergKKomajdaMHeart rate as a risk factor in chronic heart failure (SHIFT): the association between heart rate and outcomes in a randomised placebo-controlled trialLancet2010376974488689420801495
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YusufSPfefferMASwedbergKCHARM Investigators and CommitteesEffects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and preserved left-ventricular ejection fraction: the CHARM-Preserved TrialLancet2003362938677778113678871
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MassieBMCarsonPEMcMurrayJJI-PRESERVE InvestigatorsIrbesartan in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fractionNEngl J Med20083592324562467
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AhmedARichMWFlegJLEffect of digoxin on morbidity and mortality in diastolic heart failure: the ancillary digitalis investigation group trialCirculation2006114539740316864724
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HernandezAFHammilBGO’ConnorCMClinical effectiveness of beta-blockers in heart failure: findings from the OPTIMIZE-HF (Organized program to Initiate Lifesaving Treatment in Hospitalized Patients with Heart Failure) registryJ Am CollCardiol2009532184192
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SkhiriMHuntSADenaultAYHaddadFEvidence-based management of right heart failure: a systematic review of an empiric fieldRev Esp Cardiol201063445147120334811
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ClarkALOrigin of symptoms in chronic heart failureHeart2006921121616159969
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar