References
- YamanakaHEssence of the revised guideline for the management of hyperuricemia and goutJapan Med Assoc J201255324329
- ZhuYPandyaBJChoiHKPrevalence of gout and hyperuricemia in the US general population: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2008Arthritis Rheum2011633136314121800283
- TrifiròGMorabitoPCavagnaLEpidemiology of gout and hyperuricaemia in Italy during the years 2005-2009: a nationwide population-based studyAnn Rheum Dis20137269470022736095
- RoddyEDohertyMEpidemiology of goutArthritis Res Ther20101222321205285
- KuoCFGraingeMJMallenCRising burden of gout in the UK but continuing suboptimal management: a nationwide population studyAnn Rheum Dis20157466166724431399
- ChoiHKFordESPrevalence of the metabolic syndrome in individuals with hyperuricemiaAm J Med200712044244717466656
- GrassiDFerriLDesideriGChronic hyperuricemia, uric acid deposit and cardiovascular riskCurr Pharm Des2013192432243823173592
- SureshEDasPRecent advances in management of goutQJM201210540741722198943
- KannangaraDRPhipps-GreenAJDalbethNHyperuricaemia: contributions of urate transporter ABCG2 and the fractional renal clearance of urateAnn Rheum Dis2016751363136626835700
- AmesBNCathcartRSchwiersEHochsteinPUric acid provides an antioxidant defense in humans against oxidant- and radical-caused aging and cancer: a hypothesisProc Natl Acad Sci U S A198178685868626947260
- BillietLDoatySKatzJDVelasquezMTReview of hyperuricemia as new marker for metabolic syndromeISRN Rheumatol2014201485295424693449
- McGillicuddyFCde la Llera MoyaMHinkleCCInflammation impairs reverse cholesterol transport in vivoCirculation200911911354519221221
- ZhangZBlakeDRStevensCRA reappraisal of xanthine dehydrogenase and oxidase in hypoxic reperfusion injury: the role of NADH as an electron donorFree Radic Res1998281511649645392
- PeaFPharmacology of drugs for hyperuricemia: mechanisms, kinetics and interactionsContrib Nephrol2005147354615604604
- BeckerMASchumacherHRJrWortmannRLFebuxostat compared with allopurinol in patients with hyperuricemia and goutN Engl J Med200535324506116339094
- SchumacherHRJrBeckerMAWortmannRLEffects of febuxostat versus allopurinol and placebo in reducing serum urate in subjects with hyperuricemia and gout: a 28-week, phase III, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trialArthritis Rheum2008591540154818975369
- MalikUZHundleyNJRomeroGFebuxostat inhibition of endothelial-bound XO: implications for targeting vascular ROS productionFree Radic Biol Med20115117918421554948
- ErnstMEFravelMAFebuxostat: a selective xanthine-oxidase/xanthine-dehydrogenase inhibitor for the management of hyperuricemia in adults with goutClin Ther20091125032518
- YePYangSZhangWEfficacy and tolerability of febuxostat in hyperuricemic patients with or without gout: a systematic review and meta-analysisClin Ther20133518018923332451
- LiSYangHGuoYComparative efficacy and safety of urate-lowering therapy for the treatment of hyperuricemia: a systematic review and network meta-analysisSci Rep201663308227605442
- Jian-MingLYaoQChenC3,4-Dihydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde (DHNB) is a potent inhibitor of xanthine oxidase: a potential therapeutic agent for treatment of hyperuricemia and goutBiochem Pharmacol2013861328133723994369
- CrittendenDBPillingerMHNew therapies for goutAnnu Rev Med20136432533723327525
- BentleyRNeubergerAThe mechanism of the action of uricaseBiochem J19525269469913018303
- KelleyEEComment on FabbriniEffect of plasma uric acid on antioxidant capacity, oxidative stress, and insulin sensitivity in obese subjectsDiabetes20146397698124353177 Diabetes201463e1825146479
- NeogiTJansenTLDalbethN2015 Gout classification criteria: an American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiativeAnn Rheum Dis2015741789179826359487
- RichettePDohertyMPascualE2016Updated EULAR evidence-based recommendations for the management of goutAnn Rheum Dis Epub2016725
- HandeKRNooneRMStoneWJSevere allopurinol toxicity: description and guidelines for prevention in patients with renal insufficiencyAm J Med1984764756
- BorghiCPerez-RuizFUrate lowering therapies in the treatment of gout: a systematic review and meta-analysisEur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci20162098399227010159
- FeigDIKangDHJohnsonRJUric acid and cardiovascular riskN Engl J Med20083591811182118946066
- GalassiFMBorghiCA brief history of uric acid: from gout to cardiovascular risk factorEur J Intern Med20152637325898779
- CiceroAFRosticciMCagnatiMSerum uric acid and markers of low-density lipoprotein oxidation in nonsmoking healthy subjects: data from the Brisighella Heart StudyPol Arch Med Wewn201412466166825311568
- RablinkTJLuscherTFEndothelial nitric oxide synthase: host defense enzyme of the endothelium?Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol20062626727116293798
- McGillicuddyFCde la Llera MoyaMHinkleCCInflammation impairs reverse cholesterol transport in vivoCirculation20091191135114519221221
- HarrisonRStructure and function of xanthine oxidoreductase: where are we now?Free Radic Biol Med20023377479712208366
- HarrisonRPhysiological roles of xanthine oxidoreductaseDrug Metab Rev20043636337515237859
- BorghiCDesideriGUrate-lowering drugs and prevention of cardiovascular disease: the emerging role of xanthine oxidase inhibitionHypertension20166749649826865197
- PacherPNivorozhkinACsabaSTherapeutic effects of xanthine oxidase inhibitors: renaissance half a century after the discovery of allopurinolPharmacol Rev2006588711416507884
- BeattieCJFultonRLHigginsPAllopurinol initiation and change in blood pressure in older adults with hypertensionHypertension2014641102110725135183
- BorghiCRoseiEABardinTSerum uric acid and the risk of cardiovascular and renal diseaseJ Hypertens2015331729174126136207
- FarquharsonCAButlerRHillABelchJJStruthersADAllopurinol improves endothelial dysfunction in chronic heart failureCirculation200210622122612105162
- ButlerRMorrisADBelchJJHillAStruthersADAllopurinol normalizes endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetics with mild hypertensionHypertension20003574675110720589
- DoehnerWSchoeneNRauchhausMEffects of xanthine oxidase inhibition with allopurinol on endothelial function and peripheral blood flow in hyperuricemic patients with chronic heart failure: results from 2 placebo-controlled studiesCirculation20021052619262412045167
- EdwardsNLThe role of hyperuricemia and gout in kidney and cardiovascular diseaseCleve Clin J Med200851316
- SiuYPLeungKTTongMKKwanTHUse of allopurinol in slowing the progression of renal disease through its ability to lower serum uric acid levelAm J Kidney Dis200647515916377385
- GoicoecheaMde VinuesaSGVerdallesUEffect of allopurinol in chronic kidney disease progression and cardiovascular riskClin J Am Soc Nephrol201051388139320538833
- RoddyEDohertyMTreatment of hyperuricaemia and goutClin Med201313400403
- RekhrajSGandySSzweijkowskiBHigh-dose allopurinol reduces left ventricular mass in patients with ischemic heart diseaseCirculation2013106221226
- FeigDISoletskyBJohnsonRJEffect of allopurinol on blood pressure of adolescents with newly diagnosed essential hypertension: a randomized trialJAMA200830092493218728266
- SoletskyBFeigDIUric acid reduction rectifies prehypertension in obese adolescentsHypertension2012601148115623006736
- DesideriGPuigJGRichettePThe management of hyperuricemia with urate depositionCurr Med Res Opin201531S27S32
- EdwardsNLThe role of hyperuricemia and gout in kidney and cardiovascular diseaseCleve Clin J Med200875S13S16