Association Between Obesity and Blood Pressure in Common Korean People

References

• Fiebach NH, Hebert PR, Stampfer MJ, et al. A prospective study of high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease in women. Am J Epidemiol. 1989;130:646–654. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115386
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whelton PK, Perneger TV, Brancati FL, Klag MJ. Epidemiology and prevention of blood pressure-related renal disease. J Hypertens Suppl. 1992;10:S77–S84.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kearney PM, Whelton M, Reynolds K, Muntner P, Whelton PK, He J. Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data. Lancet. 2005;365:217–223. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17741-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA. 2014;311:507–520. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.284427
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michard F, Boussat S, Chemla D, et al. Relation between respiratory changes in arterial pulse pressure and fluid responsiveness in septic patients with acute circulatory. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;162:134–138. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.162.1.9903035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulè G, Nardi E, Cottone S, et al. Relationship of metabolic syndrome with pulse pressure in patients with essential hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 2007;20:197–203. doi:10.1016/j.amjhyper.2006.07.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Protogerou AD, Blacher J, Mavrikakis M, Lekakis J, Safar ME. Increased pulse pressure amplification in treated hypertensive subjects with metabolic syndrome. Am J Hypertens. 2007;20:127–133. doi:10.1016/j.amjhyper.2006.06.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu G, Barengo NC, Tuomilehto J, Lakka TA, Nissinen A, Jousilahti P. Relationship of physical activity and body mass index to the risk of hypertension: a prospective study in Finland. Hypertension. 2004;43:25–30. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.0000107400.72456.19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawai VK, Nwosu SK, Kurnik D, Harrell FE, Stein CM. Variants in BMI-associated genes and adrenergic genes are not associated with gestational weight trajectory. Obesity. 2019;27:1184–1189. doi:10.1002/oby.22505
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwang S, Cho YS, Kang NL. Association between body mass index and fitness in Korean adults according to the lump mean value and Gaussian fitting. Med Hypotheses. 2020;135:109471. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109471
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mokdad AH, Ford ES, Bowman BA, et al. Prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and obesity-related health risk factors, 2001. JAMA. 2003;289:76–79. doi:10.1001/jama.289.1.76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neter JE, Stam BE, Kok FJ, Grobbee DE, Geleijnse JM. Influence of weight reduction on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Hypertension. 2003;42:878–884. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.0000094221.86888.AE
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shuger SL, Sui X, Church TS, Meriwether RA, Blair SN. Body mass index as a predictor of hypertension incidence among initially healthy normotensive women. Am J Hypertens. 2008;21:613–619. doi:10.1038/ajh.2008.169
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahmouni K. Obesity-associated hypertension: recent progress in deciphering the pathogenesis. Hypertension. 2014;64:215–221. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.00920
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linderman GC, Lu J, Lu Y, et al. Association of body mass index with blood pressure among 1.7 million Chinese adults. JAMA Network Open. 2018;1:e181271. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.1271
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor RW, Keil D, Gold EJ, Goulding A. Body mass index, waist circumference girth, and waist-to hip circumference ratio as indexes of total and regional adiposity in women: evaluation using receiver operating characteristic curve. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;67:44–49. doi:10.1093/ajcn/67.1.44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu S, Wang Z, Heshka S, Heo M, Faith MS, Heymsfield SB. Waist circumference and obesity-associated risk factors among whites in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: clinical action thresholds. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;76:743–749. doi:10.1093/ajcn/76.4.743
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsieh SD, Yoshinaga H, Muto T. Waist-to-height ratio, a simple and practical index for assessing central fat distribution and metabolic risk in Japanese men and women. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2003;27:610–616. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashwell M, Gunn P, Gibson S. Waist-to-height ratio is a better screening tool than waist circumference and BMI for adult cardiometabolic risk factors: systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2012;13:275–286. doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2011.00952.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen S, Lu Y, Qi H, et al. Waist-to-height ratio is an effective indicator for comprehensive cardiovascular health. Sci Rep. 2017;7:43046. doi:10.1038/srep43046
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nevill AM, Duncan MJ, Lahart IM, Scandercock GR. Scaling waist girth for differences in body size reveals a new improved index associated with cardiometabolic risk. Scand J Med Sci Sport. 2017;27:1470–1476. doi:10.1111/sms.12780
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasquez F, Correa-Burrows P, Blanco E, Gahagan S, Burrows R. A waist-to-height ratio of 0.54 is a good predictor of metabolic syndrome in 16-year-old male and female adolescents. Pedia Res. 2019;85:269–274. doi:10.1038/s41390-018-0257-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carr DB, Utzschneider KM, Hull RL, et al. Intra-abdominal fat is a major determinant of the national cholesterol education program adult treatment panel III criteria for the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes. 2004;53:2087–2094. doi:10.2337/diabetes.53.8.2087
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czernichow S, Kengne AP, Stamatakis E, Hamer M, Batty GD. Body mass index, waist circumference and waist-hip ratio: which is the better discriminator of cardiovascular disease mortality risk? Evidence from an individual-participant meta-analysis of 82 864 participants from nine cohort studies. Obes Rev. 2011;12:680–687. doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2011.00879.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee SC, Hairi NN, Moy FM. Metabolic syndrome among non-obese adults in the teaching profession in Melaka, Malaysia. J Epidemiol. 2017;27:130–134. doi:10.1016/j.je.2016.10.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thaikruea L, Thammasarot J. Prevalence of normal weight central obesity among Thai healthcare providers and their association with CVD risk: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep. 2016;6:37100. doi:10.1038/srep37100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Després JP, Lemieux I. Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome. Nature. 2006;444:881–887. doi:10.1038/nature05488
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coutinho T, Goel K, Corrêa de Sá D, et al. Combining body mass index with measures of central obesity in the assessment of mortality in subjects with coronary disease: role of “normal weight central obesity”. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61:553–560. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2012.10.035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghandehari H, Le V, Kamal-Bahl S, Bassin SL, Wong ND. Abdominal obesity and the spectrum of global cardiometabolic risks in US adults. Int J Obes. 2009;33:239–248. doi:10.1038/ijo.2008.252
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seo DC, Choe S, Torabi MR. Is waist circumference ≥102/88cm better than body mass index ≥30 to predict hypertension and diabetes development regardless of gender, age group, and race/ethnicity? Meta-analysis. Prev Med. 2017;97:100–108. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.01.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee CM, Huxley RR, Wildman RP, Woodward M. Indices of abdominal obesity are better discriminators of cardiovascular risk factors than BMI: a meta-analysis. J Clin Epidemiol. 2008;61:646–653. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.08.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li C, Ford ES, McGuire LC, Mokdad AH. Increasing trends in waist circumference and abdominal obesity among US adults. Obesity. 2007;15:216–224. doi:10.1038/oby.2007.505
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park J, Lee ES, Lee DY, et al. Waist circumference as a marker of obesity is more predictive of coronary artery calcification than body mass index in apparently healthy Korean adults: the Kangbuk Samsung Health Study. Endocrinol Metab. 2016;31:559–566. doi:10.3803/EnM.2016.31.4.559
   Google Scholar
• Seidell JC. Waist circumference and waist/hip ratio in relation to all-cause mortality, cancer and sleep apnea. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2010;64:35–41. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2009.71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langenberg C, Shipley MJ, Batty GD, Marmot MG. Adult socioeconomic position and the association between height and coronary heart disease mortality: findings from 33 years of follow-up in the Whitehall Study. Am J Public Health. 2005;95:628–632. doi:10.2105/2004.046219
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petursson H, Sigurdsson JA, Bengtsson C, Nilson TIL, Getz L. Body configuration as a predictor of mortality: comparison of five anthropometric measures in a 12 year follow-up of the Norwegian HUNT 2 study. PLoS One. 2011;6:e26621. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026621
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stergiopulos N, Westerhof BE, Westerhof N. Total arterial inertance as the fourth element of the windkessel model. Am J Physiol. 1999;276:H81–H88. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.1999.276.1.H81
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Segers P, Rietzsxhel ER, De Buyzere ML, et al. Three- and four-element Windkessel models: assessment of their fitting performance in a large cohort of healthy middle-aged individuals. Proc Inst Mech Eng H. 2008;222:417–428. doi:10.1243/09544119JEIM287
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westerhof N, Lankhaar JW, Westerhof BE. The arterial Windkessel. Med Biol Eng Comput. 2009;47:131–141. doi:10.1007/s11517-008-0359-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benetos A, Safar M, Rudnichi A, et al. Pulse pressure: a predictor of long-term catdiovascular mortality in a French male population. Hypertension. 1997;30:1410–1415. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.30.6.1410
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell GF, Moye LA, Braunwald E, et al. Sphygmomanometrically determined pulse pressure is a powerful independent predictor of recurrent events after myocardial infarction in patients with impaired left ventricular function SAVE investigators. Survival and ventricular enlargement. Circulation. 1997;96:4254–4260. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.96.12.4254
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nichols WV, O’Rourke MF. McDonald’s Blood Flow in Arteries: Theoretic, Experimental, and Clinical Principles. 3rd ed. London, UK: E. Arnold; 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Kelly R, Tunin R, Kass D. Effect of reduced aortic compliance on left ventricular contractile function and energetics in vivo. Circ Res. 1992;71:490–502. doi:10.1161/01.RES.71.3.490
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zahedi E, Chellappan K, Ali MAM, Singh H. Analysis of the effect of ageing on rising edge characteristics of the photoplethysmogram using a modified Windkessel model. Cardiovasc Eng. 2007;7:172–181. doi:10.1007/s10558-007-9037-5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar