References
- Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/cardiovascular-diseases#tab=tab_1. Accessed April 18, 2023.
- Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, et al. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 1990–2019: update from the GBD 2019 study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(25):2982–3021. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010
- Wilkins E, Wilson L, Wickramasinghe K, et al. European Cardiovascular Disease Statistics 2017. Brussels: European Heart Network; 2017.
- Aringazina A, Kuandikov T, Arkhipov V. Burden of the cardiovascular diseases in Central Asia. Cent Asian J Glob Health. 2018;7(1):321. doi:10.5195/cajgh.2018.321
- Movsisyan NK, Vinciguerra M, Medina-Inojosa JR, Lopez-Jimenez F. Cardiovascular diseases in Central and Eastern Europe: a call for more surveillance and evidence-based health promotion. Ann Glob Health. 2020;86(1):21. doi:10.5334/aogh.2713
- Uthman OA, Al-Khudairy L, Nduka CU, et al. Determining optimal strategies for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: systematic review, cost-effectiveness review and network meta-analysis protocol. Syst Rev. 2020;9(1):105. doi:10.1186/s13643-020-01366-x
- Gheorghe A, Griffiths U, Murphy A, Legido-Quigley H, Lamptey P, Perel P. The economic burden of cardiovascular disease and hypertension in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1):975. doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5806-x
- Rutstein DD, Berenberg W, Chalmers TC, et al. Measuring the quality of medical care. N Engl J Med. 1976;294(11):7. doi:10.1056/NEJM197603112941104
- Canadian Institute for Health Information. Health indicators 2012. Ottawa, Ontario: Canadian Institute for Health Information; 2012. Available from: https://secure.cihi.ca/free_products/health_indicators_2012_en.pdf. Accessed August 15, 2023.
- Office for National Statistics. Avoidable mortality in England and Wales, 2011. Newport, Wales: Office for National Statistics; 2013. Available from: http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171778_311826.pdf. Accessed August 15, 2023.
- AMIEHS. Avoidable mortality in the European Union: towards better indicators for the effectiveness of health systems. Rotterdam, Netherlands: 2011. Available from: http://amiehs.lshtm.ac.uk/publications/reports/amiehs%20final%20report%20vol%20i.pdf.
- OECD Health Statistics Definitions, sources and methods; 2022. Available from: https://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx?queryid=96018. Accessed August 15, 2023.
- Kluge H, Kelley E, Birtanov Y, et al. Implementing the renewed vision for primary health care in the declaration of Astana: the time is now. Prim Health Care Res Dev. 2019;20:e137. doi:10.1017/S1463423619000719
- World Health Organization European Centre For Primary Health Care. Annual report 2020–2021 WHO European Centre For Primary Health Care Document number: WHO/EURO:2022-5652-45417-64995 Available from: https://www.who.int/europe/teams/centre-for-primary-health-care-(kaz). Accessed August 15, 2023.
- Kazakhstan health sector technology transfer and institutional reform (P101928 Report No: ICR00003816). Available from: https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/document-detail/P101928?type=projects. Accessed August 15, 2023.
- Davletov K, McKee M, Berkinbayev S, Battakova Z, Vujnovic M, Rechel B. Regional differences in cardiovascular mortality in Kazakhstan: further evidence for the ‘Russian mortality paradox’? Eur J Public Health. 2015;25(5):890–894. doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckv019
- Olatunde O, Windsor-Shellard B, Campbell A. Revised definition of avoidable mortality. UK Office for National Statistics; 2016. Available from: https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/aboutus/whatwedo/statistics/consultationsandsurveys/allconsultationsandsurveys/reviewofavoidablemortalitydefinition/reviseddefinitionofavoidablemortalityandnewdefinitionforchildrenandyoungpeople.doc. Accessed August 15, 2023.
- Avoidable mortality: OECD/Eurostat lists of preventable and treatable causes of death (January 2022 version); 2022. Available from: https://www.oecd.org/health/health-systems/Avoidable-mortality-2019-Joint-OECD-Eurostat-List-preventable-treatable-causes-of-death.pdf. Accessed August 15, 2023.
- Wilson L, Bhatnagar P, Townsend N. Comparing trends in mortality from cardiovascular disease and cancer in the United Kingdom, 1983–2013: joinpoint regression analysis. Popul Health Metr. 2017;15(1):23. doi:10.1186/s12963-017-0141-5
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Vital signs: avoidable deaths from heart disease, stroke, and hypertensive disease – United States, 2001–2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2013;62(35):721–727.
- Roth GA, Johnson C, Abajobir A, et al. Global, regional, and national burden of cardiovascular diseases for 10 causes, 1990 to 2015. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70(1):1–25. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.04.052
- Lee SW, Kim HC, Lee HS, Suh I. Thirty-year trends in mortality from cardiovascular diseases in Korea. Korean Circ J. 2015;45(3):202–209. doi:10.4070/kcj.2015.45.3.202
- Fleck F. Rocky road from the Semashko to a new health model. Bull World Health Organ. 2013;91:320–321. doi:10.2471/BLT.13.030513
- Mukasheva G, Abenova M, Shaltynov A, et al. Incidence and mortality of cardiovascular disease in the Republic of Kazakhstan: 2004–2017. Iran J Public Health. 2022;51(4):821–830. doi:10.18502/ijph.v51i4.9243
- Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan. On the implementation of the program for the management of chronic noncommunicable diseases in the pilot regions. Order No. 211; 2013. Available from: https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=31436570. Accessed August 15, 2023.
- World Bank. Implementation completion and results report 4883-KZ, Report No: ICR00003816; 2017. Available from: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/823341515169244215/pdf/Implementation-Completion-and-Results-Report-ICR-Document-P101928-2017-12-28-16-26-01022018.pdf. Accessed August 15, 2023.
- Lenzi J, Reno C, Skrule J, et al. Excess cardiovascular mortality in Latvia: a novel approach based on patient-level data to estimate the separate contributions of primary prevention, accessibility and quality of hospital care. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2022;11(6):820–828. doi:10.34172/ijhpm.2020.229
- OECD avoidable mortality. Available from: https://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx?queryid=96018. Accessed August 15, 2023.
- Feller A, Schmidlin K, Clough-Gorr KM. Trends and socioeconomic inequalities in amenable mortality in Switzerland with international comparisons. Swiss Med Wkly. 2017;147:w14478. doi:10.4414/smw.2017.14478
- Walli-Attaei M, Joseph P, Rosengren A, et al. Variations between women and men in risk factors, treatments, cardiovascular disease incidence, and death in 27 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries (PURE): a prospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;396(10244):97–109. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30543-2
- Sharma S, Wood MJ. The global burden of cardiovascular disease in women. Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 2018;20(10):81. doi:10.1007/s11936-018-0676-1
- Sidney S, Lee C, Liu J, Khan SS, Lloyd-Jones DM, Rana JS. Age-adjusted mortality rates and age and risk-associated contributions to change in heart disease and stroke mortality, 2011–2019 and 2019–2020. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(3):e223872. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.3872
- Bae S, Kim SR, Kim M, Shim WJ, Park S-M. et al Impact of cardiovascular disease and risk factors on fatal outcomes in patients with COVID-19 according to age: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart. 2021;107:373–380. doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317901
- Bekbergenova Z, Derbissalina G, Umbetzhanova A, Koikov V, Bedelbayeva G. Evaluating the effectiveness of a screening program for cardiovascular diseases in Kazakhstan. Eur J Public Health. 2019;29(Supplement_4):ckz186.229. doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckz186.229
- Kulkayeva G, Harun-Or-Rashid M, Yoshida Y, Tulebayev K, Sakamoto J. Cardiovascular disease risk factors among rural Kazakh population. Nagoya J Med Sci. 2012;74(1–2):51–61.
- Shayakhmetov SS, Toguzbayeva KK, Ismailova AA, Tabibi R, Derbishalieva ZK, Dzhusupov KO. Health literacy of rural population of Kazakhstan. Iran J Public Health. 2020;49(7):1269–1277. doi:10.18502/ijph.v49i7.3580
- Rosu MB, Oliffe JL, Kelly MT. Nurse practitioners and men’s primary health care. Am J Mens Health. 2017;11(5):1501–1511. doi:10.1177/1557988315617721