Diagnosis and Management of Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Polycythemia Vera

References

• Benevolo G, Vassallo F, Urbino I, Giai V. Polycythemia vera (PV): update on emerging treatment options. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2021;17:209–221. doi:10.2147/TCRM.S213020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tefferi A, Vannucchi AM, Barbui T. Polycythemia vera treatment algorithm 2018. Blood Cancer J. 2018;8(1):3. doi:10.1038/s41408-017-0042-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tefferi A, Barbui T. Polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia: 2021 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification and management. Am J Hematol. 2020;95(12):1599–1613. doi:10.1002/ajh.26008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rungjirajittranon T, Owattanapanich W, Ungprasert P, Siritanaratkul N, Ruchutrakool T. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of thrombosis and bleeding at diagnosis of Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. BMC Cancer. 2019;19(1):184. doi:10.1186/s12885-019-5387-9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Finazzi G, De Stefano V, Barbui T. Splanchnic vein thrombosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms: treatment algorithm 2018. Blood Cancer J. 2018;8(7):64. doi:10.1038/s41408-018-0100-9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Landolfi R, Di Gennaro L, Barbui T, et al. Leukocytosis as a major thrombotic risk factor in patients with polycythemia vera. Blood. 2007;109(6):2446–2452. doi:10.1182/blood-2006-08-042515
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsao CW, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2023 update: a report from the american heart association. Circulation. 2023;147(8):e93–e621. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001123
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krečak I, Morić Perić M, Zekanović I, et al. No impact of the increased number of cardiovascular risk factors on thrombosis and survival in polycythemia vera. Oncol Res Treat. 2021;44(4):201–203. doi:10.1159/000514347
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marchetti M, Vannucchi AM, Griesshammer M, et al. Appropriate management of polycythaemia vera with cytoreductive drug therapy: european LeukemiaNet 2021 recommendations. Lancet Haematol. 2022;9(4):e301–e311. doi:10.1016/S2352-3026(22)00046-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuipers RS, Kok L, Virmani R, Tefferi A. Essential thrombocytosis: diagnosis, differential diagnosis, complications and treatment considerations of relevance for a cardiologist. Neth Heart J. 2023;31(10):371–378. doi:10.1007/s12471-12023-01757-12474
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbui T, Vannucchi AM, Carobbio A, et al. The effect of arterial hypertension on thrombosis in low-risk polycythemia vera. Am J Hematol. 2017;92(1):E5–E6. doi:10.1002/ajh.24583
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horvat I, Boban A, Zadro R, et al. Influence of blood count, cardiovascular risks, inherited thrombophilia, and JAK2 V617F burden allele on type of thrombosis in patients with Philadelphia chromosome negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2019;19(1):53–63. doi:10.1016/j.clml.2018.08.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mancuso S, Santoro M, Accurso V, et al. Cardiovascular risk in polycythemia vera: thrombotic risk and survival: can cytoreductive therapy be useful in patients with low-risk polycythemia vera with cardiovascular risk factors? Oncol Res Treat. 2020;43(10):526–530. doi:10.1159/000509376
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stark K, Massberg S. Interplay between inflammation and thrombosis in cardiovascular pathology. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2021;18(9):666–682. doi:10.1038/s41569-021-00552-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Komatsu N, Jun G, Yonezu T, Ohashi Y. Real-world, retrospective study evaluating thromboembolic events, associated risk factors, and health-care resource utilization in Japanese patients with polycythemia vera. Int J Hematol. 2020;112(2):176–184. doi:10.1007/s12185-020-02887-w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seguro FS, Teixeira LLC, da Rosa LI, et al. Risk factors and incidence of thrombosis in a Brazilian cohort of patients with Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2020;49(4):667–672. doi:10.1007/s11239-019-02029-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Min KD, Kour A, Sano S, Walsh K. The role of clonal haematopoiesis in cardiovascular diseases: epidemiology and experimental studies. J Intern Med. 2020;288(5):507–517. doi:10.1111/joim.13130
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yura Y, Sano S, Walsh K. Clonal hematopoiesis: a new step linking inflammation to heart failure. JACC Basic Transl Sci. 2020;5(2):196–207. doi:10.1016/j.jacbts.2019.08.006
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lim SS, Vos T, Flaxman AD, et al. A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2010. Lancet. 2012;380(9859):2224–2260. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61766-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ference BA, Ginsberg HN, Graham I, et al. Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Evidence from genetic, epidemiologic, and clinical studies: a consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel. Eur Heart J. 2017;38(32):2459–2472. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx144
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Visseren FLJ, Mach F, Smulders YM, et al. 2021 ESC guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(34):3227–3337. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab484
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarwar N, Gao P; Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration. Diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose concentration, and risk of vascular disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of 102 prospective studies. Lancet. 2010;375(9733):2215–2222. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60484-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Misaka T, Kimishima Y, Yokokawa T, Ikeda K, Takeishi Y. Clonal hematopoiesis and cardiovascular diseases: role of JAK2V617F. J Cardiol. 2023;81(1):3–9. doi:10.1016/j.jjcc.2022.02.001
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arachchillage DR, Laffan M. Pathogenesis and management of thrombotic disease in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2019;45(6):604–611. doi:10.1055/s-0039-1693477
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marchioli R, Finazzi G, Landolfi R, et al. Vascular and neoplastic risk in a large cohort of patients with polycythemia vera. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(10):2224–2232. doi:10.1200/JCO.2005.07.062
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cerquozzi S, Barraco D, Lasho T, et al. Risk factors for arterial versus venous thrombosis in polycythemia vera: a single center experience in 587 patients. Blood Cancer J. 2017;7(12):662. doi:10.1038/s41408-017-0035-6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Guglielmelli P, Loscocco GG, Mannarelli C, et al. JAK2V617F variant allele frequency >50% identifies patients with polycythemia vera at high risk for venous thrombosis. Blood Cancer J. 2021;11(12):199. doi:10.1038/s41408-021-00581-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wille K, Sadjadian P, Becker T, et al. High risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism in BCR-ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms after termination of anticoagulation. Ann Hematol. 2019;98(1):93–100. doi:10.1007/s00277-018-3483-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seguro FS, Cmpdc S, Moura CMB, et al. Recommendations for the management of cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia on tyrosine kinase inhibitors: risk assessment, stratification, treatment and monitoring. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther. 2021;43(2):191–200. doi:10.1016/j.htct.2020.04.009
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cooney MT, Selmer R, Lindman A, et al. Cardiovascular risk estimation in older persons: SCORE O.P. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2016;23(10):1093–1103. doi:10.1177/2047487315588390
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMullin MFF, Mead AJ, Ali S, et al. A guideline for the management of specific situations in polycythaemia vera and secondary erythrocytosis: a British Society for Haematology guideline. Br J Haematol. 2019;184(2):161–175. doi:10.1111/bjh.15647
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sørensen AL, Knudsen TA, Skov V, et al. Smoking impairs molecular response, and reduces overall survival in patients with chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms: a retrospective cohort study. Br J Haematol. 2021;193(1):83–92. doi:10.1111/bjh.17130
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbui T, Masciulli A, Ghirardi A, Carobbio A. ACE inhibitors and cytoreductive therapy in polycythemia vera. Blood. 2017;129(9):1226–1227. doi:10.1182/blood-2016-11-752600
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vrsalovic MM, Pejsa V, Veic TS, et al. Bone marrow renin-angiotensin system expression in polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia depends on JAK2 mutational status. Cancer Biol Ther. 2007;6(9):1434–1436. doi:10.4161/cbt.6.9.4568
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulas O, Mola B, Costa A, et al. Renin-angiotensin inhibitors reduce thrombotic complications in essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera patients with arterial hypertension. Ann Hematol. 2023;3:1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Krečak I, Morić Perić M, Zekanović I, et al. Beneficial effect of ACE inhibitors on kidney function in polycythemia vera. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2021;1:1–8.
   Google Scholar
• Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, et al. 2018 ESC/ESH guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(33):3021–3104. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehy339
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mach F, Baigent C, Catapano AL, et al. 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. Eur Heart J. 2020;41(1):111–188. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz455
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krečak I, Holik H, Coha B, et al. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and the risk of thrombotic events in essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera. Ann Hematol. 2021;100(5):1335–1336. doi:10.1007/s00277-021-04431-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marchioli R, Finazzi G, Specchia G, et al. Cardiovascular events and intensity of treatment in polycythemia vera. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(1):22–33. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1208500
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbui T, Barosi G, Birgegard G, et al. Philadelphia-negative classical myeloproliferative neoplasms: critical concepts and management recommendations from European LeukemiaNet. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29(6):761–770. doi:10.1200/JCO.2010.31.8436
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbui T, Passamonti F, Accorsi P, et al. Evidence- and consensus-based recommendations for phlebotomy in polycythemia vera. Leukemia. 2018;32(9):2077–2081. doi:10.1038/s41375-018-0199-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tefferi A, Vannucchi AM, Barbui T. Polycythemia vera: historical oversights, diagnostic details, and therapeutic views. Leukemia. 2021;35(12):3339–3351. doi:10.1038/s41375-021-01401-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin K. Risk factors for and management of MPN-associated bleeding and thrombosis. Curr Hematol Malig Rep. 2017;12(5):389–396. doi:10.1007/s11899-017-0400-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith SC, Benjamin EJ, Bonow RO, et al. AHA/ACCF secondary prevention and risk reduction therapy for patients with coronary and other atherosclerotic vascular disease: 2011 update: a guideline from the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology Foundation. Circulation. 2011;124(22):2458–2473. doi:10.1161/CIR.0b013e318235eb4d
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breccia M, Arboscello E, Bellodi A, et al. Proposal for a tailored stratification at baseline and monitoring of cardiovascular effects during follow-up in chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with nilotinib frontline. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2016;107:190–198. doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.10.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Stefano V, Finazzi G, Barbui T. Antithrombotic therapy for venous thromboembolism in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Blood Cancer J. 2018;8(7):65. doi:10.1038/s41408-018-0101-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Koschmieder S. The approach to thrombosis prevention across the spectrum of Philadelphia-negative classic myeloproliferative neoplasms. Hemato. 2021;2(3):392–402. doi:10.3390/hemato2030025
   Google Scholar
• Vannucchi AM, Barbui T, Cervantes F, et al. Philadelphia chromosome-negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2015;26(Suppl 5):v85–99. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdv203
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ianotto JC, Couturier MA, Galinat H, et al. Administration of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms. Int J Hematol. 2017;106(4):517–521. doi:10.1007/s12185-017-2282-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Stefano V, Za T, Rossi E, et al. Recurrent thrombosis in patients with polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia: incidence, risk factors, and effect of treatments. Haematologica. 2008;93(3):372–380. doi:10.3324/haematol.12053
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Stefano V, Carobbio A, Di Lazzaro V, et al. Benefit-risk profile of cytoreductive drugs along with antiplatelet and antithrombotic therapy after transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Blood Cancer J. 2018;8(3):25. doi:10.1038/s41408-018-0048-9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Huenerbein K, Sadjadian P, Becker T, et al. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) for prevention of recurrent arterial or venous thromboembolic events (ATE/VTE) in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Ann Hematol. 2021;100(8):2015–2022. doi:10.1007/s00277-020-04350-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbui T, De Stefano V, Carobbio A, et al. Direct oral anticoagulants for myeloproliferative neoplasms: results from an international study on 442 patients. Leukemia. 2021;35(10):2989–2993. doi:10.1038/s41375-021-01279-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Napolitano M, Saccullo G, Marietta M, et al. Platelet cut-off for anticoagulant therapy in thrombocytopenic patients with blood cancer and venous thromboembolism: an expert consensus. Blood Transfus. 2019;17(3):171–180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steffel J, Collins R, Antz M, et al. 2021 European Heart Rhythm Association practical guide on the use of non-Vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation. Europace. 2021;23(10):1612–1676. doi:10.1093/europace/euab065
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connors JM, Longo DL. Thrombophilia testing and venous thrombosis. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(12):1177–1187. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1700365
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arachchillage DRJ, Gomez K, Alikhan R, et al. Addendum to British Society for haematology guidelines on investigation and management of antiphospholipid syndrome, 2012 (Br. J. Haematol. 2012; 157: 47–58): use of direct acting oral anticoagulants. Br J Haematol. 2020;189(2):212–215. doi:10.1111/bjh.16308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koval N, Alves M, Placido R, et al. Direct oral anticoagulants versus vitamin K antagonists in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. RMD Open. 2021;7(2):e001678. doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2021-001678
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pastori D, Menichelli D, Cammisotto V, Pignatelli P. Use of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome: a systematic review and comparison of the international guidelines. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021;8:715878. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2021.715878
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibanez B, James S, Agewall S, et al. 2017 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation: the task force for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2018;39(2):119–177. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx393
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powers WJ, Rabinstein AA, Ackerson T, et al. 2018 Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2018;49(3):e46–e110. doi:10.1161/STR.0000000000000158
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gulizia MM, Parrini I, Colivicchi F, et al. HCF-ANMCO/AICPR/GIEC/ITAHFA/SICOA/SICP/SIMG/SIT Cardiological Societies Council consensus document: anticoagulant therapy in venous thromboembolism and atrial fibrillation of the patient with cancer. Current knowledge and new evidence. G Ital Cardiologia. 2020;21(9):687–738.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krečak I, Verstovsek S, Lucijanic M. Optimization of cardiovascular risk factor management in patients with BCR:: ABL1 negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms, current knowledge, and perspectives. Ann Hematol. 2023;2023:1–11.
   Google Scholar