77
Views
23
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Research

Association between triglycerides and cardiovascular events in primary populations: a meta-regression analysis and synthesis of evidence

, &
Pages 671-680 | Published online: 31 Oct 2013

References

  • BaigentCKeechAKearneyPMCholesterol Treatment Trialists’ (CTT) Collaborators. Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statinsLancet200536694931267127816214597
  • GrundySMCleemanJIMerzCNNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American College of Cardiology Foundation; American Heart AssociationImplications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelinesCirculation2004110222723915249516
  • RobinsonJGManagement of complex lipid abnormalities with a fixed dose combination of simvastatin and extended release niacinVasc Health Risk Manag200951314319436666
  • British Cardiac Society; British Hypertension Society; Diabetes UK; HEART UK; Primary Care Cardiovascular Society; Stroke AssociationJBS 2: Joint British Societies’ guidelines on prevention of cardiovascular disease in clinical practiceHeart200591Suppl 5v1v5216365341
  • GrahamIAtarDBorch-JohnsenKEuropean Society of Cardiology (ESC) Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG)European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: executive summary: Fourth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (Constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts)Eur Heart J200728192375241417726041
  • ChapmanMJGinsbergHNAmarencoPEuropean Atherosclerosis Society Consensus PanelTriglyceride-rich lipoproteins and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease: evidence and guidance for managementEur Heart J201132111345136121531743
  • BirjmohunRSHuttenBAKasteleinJJStroesESEfficacy and safety of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-increasing compounds: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsJ Am Coll Cardiol200545218519715653014
  • BruckertELabreucheJAmarencoPMeta-analysis of the effect of nicotinic acid alone or in combination on cardiovascular events and atherosclerosisAtherosclerosis2010210235336120079494
  • The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial resultsI. Reduction in incidence of coronary heart diseaseJAMA198425133513646361299
  • WattsGFLewisBBruntJNEffects on coronary artery disease of lipid-lowering diet, or diet plus cholestyramine, in the St Thomas’ Atherosclerosis Regression Study (STARS)Lancet199233987935635691347091
  • BruckertELabreucheJDeplanqueDTouboulPJAmarencoPFibrates effect on cardiovascular risk is greater in patients with high triglyceride levels or atherogenic dyslipidemia profile: a systematic review and meta-analysisJ Cardiovasc Pharmacol201157226727221052016
  • BrielMFerreira-GonzalezIYouJJAssociation between change in high density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality: systematic review and meta-regression analysisBMJ2009338b9219221140
  • LabreucheJDeplanqueDTouboulPJBruckertEAmarencoPAssociation between change in plasma triglyceride levels and risk of stroke and carotid atherosclerosis: systematic review and metaregression analysisAtherosclerosis2010212191520457452
  • BrownBGStukovskyKHZhaoXQSimultaneous low-density lipoprotein-C lowering and high-density lipoprotein-C elevation for optimum cardiovascular disease prevention with various drug classes, and their combinations: a meta-analysis of 23 randomized lipid trialsCurr Opin Lipidol200617663163617095907
  • GouldALRossouwJESantanelloNCHeyseJFFurbergCDCholesterol reduction yields clinical benefit: impact of statin trialsCirculation199897109469529529261
  • EdwardsJEMooreRAStatins in hypercholesterolaemia: a dose-specific meta-analysis of lipid changes in randomised, double blind trialsBMC Fam Pract200341814969594
  • GouldALDaviesGMAlemaoEYinDDCookJRCholesterol reduction yields clinical benefits: meta-analysis including recent trialsClin Ther200729577879417697899
  • ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research GroupThe Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial. Major outcomes in moderately hypercholesterolemic, hypertensive patients randomized to pravastatin vs usual care: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT-LLT)JAMA2002288232998300712479764
  • AmarencoPBogousslavskyJCallahanAStroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) InvestigatorsHigh-dose atorvastatin after stroke or transient ischemic attackN Engl J Med2006355654955916899775
  • KasteleinJJAkdimFStroesESENHANCE InvestigatorsSimvastatin with or without ezetimibe in familial hypercholesterolemiaN Engl J Med2008358141431144318376000
  • ColhounHMBetteridgeDJDurringtonPNCARDS investigatorsPrimary prevention of cardiovascular disease with atorvastatin in type 2 diabetes in the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trialLancet2004364943568569615325833
  • KeechASimesRJBarterPFIELD study investigatorsEffects of long-term fenofibrate therapy on cardiovascular events in 9795 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the FIELD study): randomised controlled trialLancet200536695001849186116310551
  • BoschJGersteinHCDagenaisGRORIGIN Trial Investigatorsn-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with dysglycemiaN Engl J Med2012367430931822686415
  • GinsbergHNElamMBLovatoLCACCORD Study GroupEffects of combination lipid therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitusN Engl J Med2010362171563157420228404
  • Heart Protection Study Collaborative GroupMRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trialLancet2002360932672212114036
  • KoizumiJShimizuMMiyamotoSOrigasaHMabuchiHEffect of pravastatin-induced LDL-cholesterol reduction on coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease in Japanese: Hokuriku lipid coronary heart disease study-pravastatin atherosclerosis trial (Holicos-PAT)J Atheroscler Thromb20029525125912409635
  • ShepherdJBlauwGJMurphyMBPROSPER study groupPROspective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk. Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): a randomised controlled trialLancet200236093461623163012457784
  • DownsJRClearfieldMWeisSPrimary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels: results of AFCAPS/TexCAPS. Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention StudyJAMA199827920161516229613910
  • SeverPSDahlöfBPoulterNRASCOT investigatorsPrevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial – Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trialLancet200336193641149115812686036
  • ManninenVEloMOFrickMHLipid alterations and decline in the incidence of coronary heart disease in the Helsinki Heart StudyJAMA198826056416513164788
  • RidkerPMDanielsonEFonsecaFAJUPITER Study GroupRosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive proteinN Engl J Med2008359212195220718997196
  • CrouseJRRaichlenJSRileyWAMETEOR Study GroupEffect of rosuvastatin on progression of carotid intima-media thickness in low-risk individuals with subclinical atherosclerosis: the METEOR TrialJAMA2007297121344135317384434
  • NakamuraHArakawaKItakuraHMEGA Study GroupPrimary prevention of cardiovascular disease with pravastatin in Japan (MEGA Study): a prospective randomised controlled trialLancet200636895421155116317011942
  • ShepherdJCobbeSMFordIPrevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study GroupN Engl J Med199533320130113077566020
  • Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S)Lancet19943448934138313897968073
  • WhitneyEJKrasuskiRAPersoniusBEA randomized trial of a strategy for increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels: effects on progression of coronary heart disease and clinical eventsAnn Intern Med200514229510415657157
  • BodenWEProbstfieldJLAndersonTAIM-HIGH InvestigatorsNiacin in patients with low HDL cholesterol levels receiving intensive statin therapyN Engl J Med2011365242255226722085343
  • KorenMJHunninghakeDBALLIANCE InvestigatorsClinical outcomes in managed-care patients with coronary heart disease treated aggressively in lipid-lowering disease management clinics: the alliance studyJ Am Coll Cardiol20044491772177915519006
  • de LemosJABlazingMAWiviottSDInvestigatorsEarly intensive vs a delayed conservative simvastatin strategy in patients with acute coronary syndromes: phase Z of the A to Z trialJAMA2004292111307131615337732
  • EricssonCGHamstenANilssonJGripLSvaneBde FaireUAngiographic assessment of effects of bezafibrate on progression of coronary artery disease in young male postinfarction patientsLancet199634790058498538622389
  • GoldenbergIBenderlyMGoldbourtUBIP Study GroupSecondary prevention with bezafibrate therapy for the treatment of dyslipidemia: an extended follow-up of the BIP trialJ Am Coll Cardiol200851445946518222357
  • SacksFMPfefferMAMoyeLAThe effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. Cholesterol and Recurrent Events Trial investigatorsN Engl J Med199633514100110098801446
  • Results of the low-dose (20 mg) pravastatin GISSI Prevenzione trial in 4271 patients with recent myocardial infarction: do stopped trials contribute to overall knowledge? GISSI Prevenzione Investigators (Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell’Infarto Miocardico)Ital Heart J200011281082011302109
  • AthyrosVGMikhailidisDPPapageorgiouAAGREACE Collaborative GroupEffect of atorvastatin on high density lipoprotein cholesterol and its relationship with coronary events: a subgroup analysis of the GREek Atorvastatin and Coronary-heart-disease Evaluation (GREACE) StudyCurr Med Res Opin200420562763715171226
  • BrownBGZhaoXQChaitASimvastatin and niacin, antioxidant vitamins, or the combination for the prevention of coronary diseaseN Engl J Med2001345221583159211757504
  • HulleySGradyDBushTRandomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research GroupJAMA199828076056139718051
  • FrickMHHeinonenOPHuttunenJKKoskinenPMänttäriMManninenVEfficacy of gemfibrozil in dyslipidaemic subjects with suspected heart disease. An ancillary study in the Helsinki Heart Study frame populationAnn Med199325141458435186
  • PedersenTRFaergemanOKasteleinJJIncremental Decrease in End Points Through Aggressive Lipid Lowering (IDEAL) Study GroupHigh-dose atorvastatin vs usual-dose simvastatin for secondary prevention after myocardial infarction: the IDEAL study: a randomized controlled trialJAMA2005294192437244516287954
  • Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels. The Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) Study GroupN Engl J Med199833919134913579841303
  • SchwartzGGOlssonAGEzekowitzMDMyocardial Ischemia Reduction with Aggressive Cholesterol Lowering (MIRACL) Study InvestigatorsEffects of atorvastatin on early recurrent ischemic events in acute coronary syndromes: the MIRACL study: a randomized controlled trialJAMA2001285131711171811277825
  • The effect of aggressive lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and low-dose anticoagulation on obstructive changes in saphenous-vein coronary-artery bypass grafts. The Post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Trial InvestigatorsN Engl J Med199733631531628992351
  • PittBManciniGBEllisSGRosmanHSParkJSMcGovernMEPravastatin limitation of atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries (PLAC I): reduction in atherosclerosis progression and clinical events. PLAC I investigationJ Am Coll Cardiol1995265113311397594023
  • JukemaJWBruschkeAVvan BovenAJEffects of lipid lowering by pravastatin on progression and regression of coronary artery disease in symptomatic men with normal to moderately elevated serum cholesterol levels. The Regression Growth Evaluation Statin Study (REGRESS)Circulation19959110252825407743614
  • LaRosaJCGrundySMWatersDDTreating to New Targets (TNT) InvestigatorsIntensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin in patients with stable coronary diseaseN Engl J Med2005352141425143515755765
  • RubinsHBRobinsSJCollinsDGemfibrozil for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in men with low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Veterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Intervention Trial Study GroupN Engl J Med1999341641041810438259
  • MorrisonAHokansonJEThe independent relationship between triglycerides and coronary heart diseaseVasc Health Risk Manag200951899519436658
  • MillerMStoneNJBallantyneCAmerican Heart Association Clinical Lipidology, Thrombosis, and Prevention Committee of the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism; Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology; Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; Council on the Kidney in Cardiovascular DiseaseTriglycerides and cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart AssociationCirculation2011123202292233321502576
  • LawMRWaldNJRudnickaARQuantifying effect of statins on low density lipoprotein cholesterol, ischaemic heart disease, and stroke: systematic review and meta-analysisBMJ20033267404142312829554
  • DavidsonMHMcKenneyJMShearCLRevkinJHEfficacy and safety of torcetrapib, a novel cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor, in individuals with below-average high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levelsJ Am Coll Cardiol20064891774178117084249
  • BaysHEMcKenneyJMDujovneCAGemcabene Study GroupEffectiveness and tolerability of a new lipid-altering agent, gemcabene, in patients with low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterolAm J Cardiol200392553854312943873
  • WittrupHHTybjaerg-HansenANordestgaardBGLipoprotein lipase mutations, plasma lipids and lipoproteins, and risk of ischemic heart disease. A meta-analysisCirculation199999222901290710359734
  • HokansonJEFunctional variants in the lipoprotein lipase gene and risk cardiovascular diseaseCurr Opin Lipidol199910539339910554701
  • GagnéSELarsonMGPimstoneSNA common truncation variant of lipoprotein lipase (Ser447X) confers protection against coronary heart disease: the Framingham Offspring StudyClin Genet199955645045410450862
  • HuYLiuWHuangRZhangXA systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between lipoprotein lipase Asn291Ser variant and diseasesJ Lipid Res20064791908191416741292
  • ThompsonADi AngelantonioESarwarNAssociation of cholesteryl ester transfer protein genotypes with CETP mass and activity, lipid levels, and coronary riskJAMA2008299232777278818560005
  • SarwarNSandhuMSRickettsSLTriglyceride Coronary Disease Genetics Consortium and Emerging Risk Factors CollaborationTriglyceride-mediated pathways and coronary disease: collaborative analysis of 101 studiesLancet201037597261634163920452521
  • Frikke-SchmidtRNordestgaardBGSteneMCAssociation of loss-of-function mutations in the ABCA1 gene with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and risk of ischemic heart diseaseJAMA2008299212524253218523221
  • Di AngelantonioESarwarNPerryPEmerging Risk Factors CollaborationMajor lipids, apolipoproteins, and risk of vascular diseaseJAMA2009302181993200019903920
  • SarwarNDaneshJEiriksdottirGTriglycerides and the risk of coronary heart disease: 10,158 incident cases among 262,525 participants in 29 Western prospective studiesCirculation2007115445045817190864