Managing atrial fibrillation in the very elderly patient: challenges and solutions

References

• GoASHylekEMPhillipsKAPrevalence of diagnosed atrial fibrillation in adults: national implications for rhythm management and stroke prevention: the Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) studyJAMA2001285182370237511343485
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KistlerPSandersPFynnSElectrophysiologic and electroanatomic changes in the human atrium associated with ageJ Am Coll Cardiol20044410911615234418
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LakshminarayanKSolidCACollinsAJAndersonDCHerzogCAAtrial fibrillation and stroke in the general medicare population: a 10-year perspective (1992 to 2002)Stroke20063781969197416809573
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BenjaminEJWolfPAD’AgostinoRBSilbershatzHKannelWBLevyDImpact of atrial fibrillation on the risk of death: the Framingham StudyCirculation199898109469529737513
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FazekasTThe concise history of atrial fibrillationOrvostort Kozl2007533–4376819069037
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WannLSCurtisABEllenbogenKAManagement of patients with atrial fibrillation (compilation of 2006 ACCF/AHA/ESC and 2011 ACCF/AHA/HRS recommendations): a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelinesCirculation2013127181916192623545139
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LuZScherlagBJLinJAtrial fibrillation begets atrial fibrillation: autonomic mechanism for atrial electrical remodeling induced by short-term rapid atrial pacingCirc Arrhythm Electrophysiol20081318419219808412
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BursteinBNattelSAtrial fibrosis: mechanisms and clinical relevance in atrial fibrillationJ Am Coll Cardiol200851880280918294563
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EverettTH4thOlginJEAtrial fibrosis and the mechanisms of atrial fibrillationHeart Rhythm200743 SupplS24S2717336879
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• XiaoYYangKQYangYKClinical characteristics and prognosis of end-stage hypertrophic cardiomyopathyChin Med J (Engl)2015128111483148926021505
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MaanAMansourMAnterEObstructive sleep apnea and atrial fibrillation: pathophysiology and implications for treatmentCrit Pathw Cardiol2015142818526102018
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GoudisCAKorantzopoulosPNtalasIVKallergisEMKetikoglouDGObesity and atrial fibrillation: a comprehensive review of the pathophysiological mechanisms and linksJ Cardiol Epub57201510.1016/j.jjcc.2015.04.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DagresNNieuwlaatRVardasPEGender-related differences in presentation, treatment, and outcome of patients with atrial fibrillation in Europe: a report from the Euro Heart Survey on Atrial FibrillationJ Am Coll Cardiol200749557257717276181
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HanonOAssayagPBelminJFrench Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology and the French Society of CardiologyExpert consensus of the French Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology and the French Society of Cardiology on the management of atrial fibrillation in elderly peopleArch Cardiovasc Dis2013106530332323769405
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FusterVRydénLECannomDSAmerican College of CardiologyAmerican Heart Association Task ForceEuropean Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice GuidelinesEuropean Heart Rhythm AssociationHeart Rhythm SocietyACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: full text: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation) developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm SocietyEuropace20068965174516987906
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LipGYNieuwlaatRPistersRLaneDACrijnsHJRefining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation using a novel risk factor-based approachChest2010137226327219762550
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MantJHobbsFDFletcherKBAFTA investigators; Midland Research Practices Network (MidReC)Warfarin versus aspirin for stroke prevention in an elderly community population with atrial fibrillation (the Birmingham Atrial Fibrillation Treatment of the Aged Study, BAFTA): a randomised controlled trialLancet2007370958649350317693178
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JCS Joint Working GroupGuidelines for Pharmacotherapy of Atrial Fibrillation (JCS 2013)Circ J20147881997202124965079
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PistersRLaneDANieuwlaatRde VosCBCrijnsHJLipGYA novel user-friendly score (HAS-BLED) to assess 1-year risk of major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation: the Euro Heart SurveyChest201013851093110020299623
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GageBFYanYMilliganPEClinical classification schemes for predicting hemorrhage: results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation (NRAF)Am Heart J2006151371371916504638
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernández-BarrésSMartínNCanelaTProject ATDOM-NUT group. Dietary intake in the dependent elderly: evaluation of the risk of nutritional deficitJ Hum Nutr Diet Epub201542810.1111/jhn.12310
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ConnollySJEzekowitzMDYusufSRE-LY Steering Committee and InvestigatorsDabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillationN Engl J Med2009361121139115119717844
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SmytheMAFormanMJBertranEAHoffmanJLPriziolaJLKoerberJMDabigatran versus warfarin major bleeding in practice: an observational comparison of patient characteristics, management and outcomes in atrial fibrillation patientsJ Thromb Thrombolysis201540328028725851800
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PatelMRMahaffeyKWGargJROCKET AF Investigators. Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillationN Engl J Med20113651088389121830957
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ConnollySJEikelboomJJoynerCAVERROES Steering Committee and InvestigatorsApixaban in patients with atrial fibrillationN Engl J Med2011364980681721309657
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GrangerCBAlexanderJHMcMurrayJJARISTOTLE Committees and InvestigatorsApixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillationN Engl J Med20113651198199221870978
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GiuglianoRPRuffCTRostNSENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 InvestigatorsCerebrovascular events in 21 105 patients with atrial fibrillation randomized to edoxaban versus warfarin: Effective Anticoagulation with Factor Xa Next Generation in Atrial Fibrillation-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 48Stroke20144582372237824947287
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RuffCTGiuglianoRPBraunwaldEComparison of the efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulants with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of randomised trialsLancet2014383992195596224315724
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DewildeWJOirbansTVerheugtFWWOEST study investigatorsUse of clopidogrel with or without aspirin in patients taking oral anticoagulant therapy and undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: an open-label, randomised, controlled trialLancet201338198721107111523415013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CammAJKirchhofPLipGYESC Committee for Practice GuidelinesGuidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: the Task Force for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)Europace201012101360142020876603
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KeelingDBaglinTTaitCBritish Committee for Standards in HaematologyGuidelines on oral anticoagulation with warfarin – fourth editionBr J Haematol2011154331132421671894
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BlockPCBursteinSCasalePNPercutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion for patients in atrial fibrillation suboptimal for warfarin therapy: 5-year results of the PLAATO (Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Transcatheter Occlusion) studyJACC Cardiovasc Interv20092759460019628179
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ReddyVYSievertHHalperinJPROTECT AF Steering Committee and Investigators. Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure vs warfarin for atrial fibrillation: a randomized clinical trialJAMA2014312191988199825399274
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ReddyVYMöbius-WinklerSMillerMALeft atrial appendage closure with the Watchman device in patients with a contraindication for oral anticoagulation: the ASAP study (ASA Plavix Feasibility Study With Watchman Left Atrial Appendage Closure Technology)J Am Coll Cardiol201361252551255623583249
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MeierBPalaciosIWindeckerSTranscatheter left atrial appendage occlusion with Amplatzer devices to obviate anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillationCatheter Cardiovasc Interv200360341742214571497
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NietlispachFGloeklerSKrauseRAmplatzer left atrial appendage occlusion: single center 10-year experienceCatheter Cardiovasc Interv201382228328923412815
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BartusKHanFTBednarekJPercutaneous left atrial appendage suture ligation using the LARIAT device in patients with atrial fibrillation: initial clinical experienceJ Am Coll Cardiol201362210811823062528
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RomeroJNataleAEngstromKDi BiaseLLeft atrial appendage isolation using percutaneous (endocardial/epicardial) devices: pre-clinical and clinical experienceTrends Cardiovasc Med Epub201564
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OlshanskyBRosenfeldLEWarnerALAFFIRM InvestigatorsThe Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) study: approaches to control rate in atrial fibrillationJ Am Coll Cardiol20044371201120815063430
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HallbergPLindbäckJLindahlBStenestrandUMelhusHRIKS-HIA groupDigoxin and mortality in atrial fibrillation: a prospective cohort studyEur J Clin Pharmacol2007631095997117684738
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AronowWSManagement of atrial fibrillation in the elderlyMinerva Med2009100132419182738
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WyseDGPharmacotherapy for rhythm management in elderly patients with atrial fibrillationJ Interv Card Electrophysiol2009251252919148733
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GroenveldHFTijssenJGCrijnsHJRACE II InvestigatorsRate control efficacy in permanent atrial fibrillation: successful and failed strict rate control against a background of lenient rate control: data from RACE II (Rate Control Efficacy in Permanent Atrial Fibrillation)J Am Coll Cardiol201361774174823410544
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RoyDTalajicMNattelSAtrial Fibrillation and Congestive Heart Failure InvestigatorsRhythm control versus rate control for atrial fibrillation and heart failureN Engl J Med2008358252667267718565859
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PodridPJLampertSGraboysTBBlattCMLownBAggravation of arrhythmia by antiarrhythmic drugs – incidence and predictorsAm J Cardiol1987591138E44E2949580
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StantonMSPrystowskyENFinebergNSArrhythmogenic effects of antiarrhythmic drugs: a study of 506 patients treated for ventricular tachycardia or fibrillationJ Am Coll Cardiol19891412092152738263
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EchtDSLiebsonPRMitchellLBMortality and morbidity in patients receiving encainide, flecainide, or placebo. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression TrialN Engl J Med1991324127817881900101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ConnollySJCammAJHalperinJLPALLAS InvestigatorsDronedarone in high-risk permanent atrial fibrillationN Engl J Med2011365242268227622082198
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CalkinsHKuckKHCappatoRHeart Rhythm Society Task Force on Catheter and Surgical Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation2012 HRS/EHRA/ECAS expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: recommendations for patient selection, procedural techniques, patient management and follow-up, definitions, endpoints, and research trial design: a report of the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) Task Force on Catheter and Surgical Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation. Developed in partnership with the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Cardiac Arrhythmia Society (ECAS); and in collaboration with the American College of Cardiology (ACC), American Heart Association (AHA), the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS). Endorsed by the governing bodies of the American College of Cardiology Foundation, the American Heart Association, the European Cardiac Arrhythmia Society, the European Heart Rhythm Association, the Society of Thoracic Surgeons, the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society, and the Heart Rhythm SocietyHeart Rhythm201294632696.e2122386883
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CorradoAPatelDRiedlbauchovaLEfficacy, safety, and outcome of atrial fibrillation ablation in septuagenariansJ Cardiovasc Electrophysiol200819880781118363688
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WazniOMMarroucheNFMartinDORadiofrequency ablation vs antiarrhythmic drugs as first-line treatment of symptomatic atrial fibrillation: a randomized trialJAMA2005293212634264015928285
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YamadaTKayGNCatheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in the elderlyPacing Clin Electrophysiol20093281085109119659630
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CappatoRCalkinsHChenSAUpdated worldwide survey on the methods, efficacy, and safety of catheter ablation for human atrial fibrillationCirc Arrhythm Electrophysiol201031323819995881
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CatanzaroJCalkinsHAn approach to catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in the elderlyCard Electrophysiol Clin20124119125
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ZadoECallansDJRileyMLong-term clinical efficacy and risk of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in the elderlyJ Cardiovasc Electrophysiol200819662162618462325
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BhargavaMMarroucheNFMartinDOImpact of age on the outcome of pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation using circular mapping technique and cooled-tip ablation catheterJ Cardiovasc Electrophysiol200415181315028066
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KusumotoFPrussakKWiesingerMPullenTLynadyCRadiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in older patients: outcomes and complicationsJ Interv Card Electrophysiol2009251313519148720
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TanHWWangXHShiHFEfficacy, safety and outcome of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in octogenariansInt J Cardiol2010145114714819616862
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BunchTJWeissJPCrandallBGLong-term clinical efficacy and risk of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in octogenariansPacing Clin Electrophysiol201033214615219889181
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LiuYHuangHHuangCNational Atrial Fibrillation Working Group of Chinese Society of Pacing and ElectrophysiologyCatheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in Chinese elderly patientsInt J Cardiol2011152226626721864920
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LioniLLetsasKPEfremidisMCatheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in the elderlyJ Geriatr Cardiol201411429129525593577
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• NademaneeKAmnueypolMLeeFBenefits and risks of catheter ablation in elderly patients with atrial fibrillationHeart Rhythm2015121445125257091
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChaoTFLinYJChangSLCan oral anticoagulants be stopped safely after a successful atrial fibrillation ablation?J Thorac Dis20157217217725713733
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChierchiaGBCapulziniLde AsmundisCCryoballoon ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in septuagenarians: a prospective studyIndian Pacing Electrophysiol J201010939339920930957
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KhanMNJaïsPCummingsJPABA-CHF InvestigatorsPulmonary-vein isolation for atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failureN Engl J Med2008359171778178518946063
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HsiehMHTaiCTLeeSHCatheter ablation for atrial fibrillation versus atrioventricular junction ablation plus pacing therapy for elderly patients with medically refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillationJ Cardiovasc Electrophysiol200516545746115877612
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DisertoriMLatiniRBarleraSValsartan for prevention of recurrent atrial fibrillationN Engl J Med2009360161606161719369667
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LinTTYangYHLiaoMTPrimary prevention of atrial fibrillation with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing dialysisKidney Int201588237838525807037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LiuTLiLKorantzopoulosPLiuELiGStatin use and development of atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials and observational studiesInt J Cardiol2008126216017018031847
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KorantzopoulosPKolettisTMSiogasKGoudevenosJAThe emerging role of inflammation in atrial fibrillation and the potential of anti-inflammatory interventionsEur Heart J200526202207220816141263
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KumarSSutherlandFMortonJBLong-term omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation reduces the recurrence of persistent atrial fibrillation after electrical cardioversionHeart Rhythm20129448349122120130
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar