63
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Cardio classics revisited – focus on the role of candesartan

Pages 1047-1063 | Published online: 23 Nov 2010

References

  • DahlöfBDevereuxRBKjeldsenSECardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenololLancet20023599311995100311937178
  • LithellHHanssonLSkoogIThe Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE): principal results of a randomized double-blind intervention trialJ Hypertens200321587588612714861
  • JuliusSKjeldsenSEWeberMVALUE trial groupOutcomes in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk treated with regimens based on valsartan or amlodipine: the VALUE randomised trialLancet200436394262022203115207952
  • World Health OrganizationCardiovascular disease: prevention and control Accessed on-line at www.who.int, 2009 Apr.
  • Public Health Agency of CanadaLeading Causes of Death and Hospitalization in Canada. Accessed on-line at http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca, 2009 Apr.
  • DzauVJAntmanEMBlackHRThe cardiovascular disease continuum validated: clinical evidence of improved patient outcomes: part I: Pathophysiology and clinical trial evidence (risk factors through stable coronary artery disease)Circulation2006114252850287017179034
  • MochizukiSDahlöfBShimizuMValsartan in a Japanese population with hypertension and other cardiovascular disease (Jikei Heart Study): a randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint morbidity-mortality studyLancet200736995711431143917467513
  • ONTARGET InvestigatorsYusufSTeoKKTelmisartan, ramipril, or both in patients at high risk for vascular eventsN Engl J Med2008358151547155918378520
  • TRANSCEND InvestigatorsEffects of the angiotensin-receptor blocker telmisartan on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients intolerant to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: a randomised controlled trialLancet20083721174118318757085
  • SchraderJLüdersSKulschewskiAMorbidity and Mortality After Stroke, Eprosartan Compared with Nitrendipine for Secondary Prevention: principal results of a prospective randomized controlled study (MOSES)Stroke20053661218122615879332
  • YusufSDienerHCSaccoRLTelmisartan to prevent recurrent stroke and cardiovascular eventsN Engl J Med2008359121225123718753639
  • DicksteinKKjekshusJOPTIMAAL Steering Committee of the OPTIMAAL Study GroupEffects of losartan and captopril on mortality and morbidity in high-risk patients after acute myocardial infarction: the OPTIMAAL randomised trial. Optimal Trial in Myocardial Infarction with Angiotensin II Antagonist LosartanLancet2002360933575276012241832
  • PfefferMAMcMurrayJJVelazquezEJValsartan, captopril, or both in myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or bothN Engl J Med2003349201893190614610160
  • PfefferMABraunwaldEMoyéLAEffect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction: results of the Survival and Ventricular Enlargement trialN Engl J Med19923276696771386652
  • Effect of ramipril on mortality and morbidity of survivors of acute myocardial infarction with clinical evidence of heart failure. The Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy (AIRE) Study InvestigatorsLancet199334288758218288104270
  • KøberLTorp-PedersenCCarlsenJEA clinical trial of the angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor trandolapril in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Trandolapril Cardiac Evaluation (TRACE) Study GroupN Engl J Med199533325167016767477219
  • McMurrayJSolomonSPieperKThe effect of valsartan, captopril, or both on atherosclerotic events after acute myocardial infarction: an analysis of the Valsartan in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial (VALIANT)J Am Coll Cardiol200647472673316487836
  • PittBPoole-WilsonPASegalREffect of losartan compared with captopril on mortality in patients with symptomatic heart failure: randomised trial – the Losartan Heart Failure Survival Study ELITE IILancet200035592151582158710821361
  • PittBSegalRMartinezFARandomised trial of losartan versus captopril in patients over 65 with heart failureLancet19973497477529074572
  • CohnJNTognoniGValsartan Heart Failure Trial Investigators. A randomized trial of the angiotensin-receptor blocker valsartan in chronic heart failureN Engl J Med2001345231667167511759645
  • PfefferMASwedbergKGrangerCBEffects of candesartan on mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure: the CHARM-Overall programLancet2003362938675976613678868
  • McMurrayJJOstergrenJSwedbergKEffects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function taking angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Added trialLancet2003362938676777113678869
  • GrangerCBMcMurrayJJYusufSEffects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function intolerant to angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Alternative trialLancet2003362938677277613678870
  • YusufSPfefferMASwedbergKEffects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and preserved left-ventricular ejection fraction: the CHARM-Preserved TrialLancet2003362938677778113678871
  • MassieBMCarsonPEMcMurrayJJIrbesartan in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fractionN Engl J Med2008359232456246719001508
  • FitchettDResults of the ONTARGET and TRANSCEND studies: an update and discussionVasc Health Risk Manag200951212919436659
  • The ACTIVE Steering CommitteeACTIVE InvestigatorsConnollySRationale and design of ACTIVE: the atrial fibrillation clopidogrel trial with irbesartan for prevention of vascular eventsAm Heart J200615161187119316781218
  • CooperCJMurphyTPMatsumotoAStent revascularization for the prevention of cardiovascular and renal events among patients with renal artery stenosis and systolic hypertension: rationale and design of the CORAL trialAm Heart J20061521596616824832
  • SawadaTTakahashiTYamadaHRationale and design of the KYOTO HEART study: effects of valsartan on morbidity and mortality in uncontrolled hypertensive patients with high risk of cardiovascular eventsJ Hum Hypertens200923318819518800142
  • Comparison of Valsartan With Amlodipine in Hypertensive Patients With Glucose Intolerance. www.clinicaltrials.gov. Accessed April 2009
  • The NAVIGATOR Trial Steering CommitteeNateglinide and valsartan in impaired glucose tolerance outcomes research: rationale and design of the NAVIGATOR trial (Abstract)Diabetes200251A116
  • HallerHVibertiGCMimranAPreventing microalbuminuria in patients with diabetes: rationale and design of the Randomised Olmesartan and Diabetes Microalbuminuria Prevention (ROADMAP) studyJ Hypertens200624240340816508590
  • The Internet Stroke CenterStroke Trials Registry www.strokecenter.org. Accessed April 2009
  • OgiharaTSarutaTMatsuokaHValsartan in elderly isolated systolic hypertension (VALISH) study: rationale and designHypertens Res200427965766115750259
  • NakayamaKKuwabaraYDaimonMValsartan Amlodipine Randomized Trial (VART): design, methods, and preliminary resultsHypertens Res2008311212818360014
  • SeverPSGradmanAHAziziMManaging cardiovascular and renal risk: the potential of direct renin inhibitionJ Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst2009102657619502253
  • VanderheydenPMLFierensFLPVauquelinGAngiotensin II type 1receptor antagonists. Why do some of them produce insurmountable inhibitionBiochem Pharmacol200060155711077037
  • VauquelinGFierensFLPVanderheydenPMLDistinction between surmountable and insurmountable angiotensin II AT1 receptor antagonistsEpsteinMBrunnerHRAngiotensin II receptor antagonistsPhiladelphia, PAHanley and Belful200010518
  • VanderheydenPMLFierensFLPDe BackerJPDistinction between surmountable and insurmountable selective AT1 receptor antagonists by use of CHO-K1 cells expressing human angiotensin II AT1 receptorsBr J Pharmacol19991261057106510193788
  • SeversPSHolzgreveHLong-term efficacy and tolerability of candesartan cilexetil in patients with mild to moderate hypertensionJ Hum Hypertens199711Suppl 2S69S739331014
  • New Zealand emedicines and medical devices safety authority data sheet. Available from: www.medsafe.govt.nz/profs/datasheet/a/Atacandtab.htm [Accessed 13 June 2009]
  • SeversPCandesartan cilexetil: a new, long-acting, effective angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockerJ Hum Hypertens199711Suppl 2S91S959331018
  • VitDWhiteWRidleyEA forced titration study of antihypertensive efficacy of candesartan cilexetil in comparison to losartan: CLAIM Study IIJ Hum Hypertens20011547548011464257
  • MacgregorGViskopferJAntoniosTFengJUK and Israel Candesartan InvestigatorsEfficacy of candesartan cilexetil alone or in combination with amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide in moderate-to-severe hypertensionHypertension20003645410988281
  • FogariRMugelliniADerosaGCANDIA (Candesartan and diuretic vs amlodipine in hypertensive patients) Study Group: efficacy and tolerability of candesartan cilexetil/hydrochlorothiazide and amlodipine in patients with poorly controlled mild-to-moderate essential hypertensionJ Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst20078313914417907102
  • OparilSLevineJZushkeCEffects of candesartan cilexetil in patients with severe systemic hypertension. Candesartan Cilexetil Study InvestigatorsAm J Cardiol199984328929310496437
  • OparilSCandesartan cilexetil in combination with low-dose hydro-chlorothiazide is effective in severe hypertensionAm J Cardiol19998410A35S41S10588093
  • SeverPClinical profile of the novel angiotensin II type I blocker candesartan cilexetilJ Hypertens Suppl1997156S9S129493121
  • TaavitsainenPKiukaanniemiKPelkonenOIn vitro inhibition screening of human hepatic P450 enzymes by five angiotensin-II receptor antagonistsEur J Clin Pharmacol200056213514010877007
  • LithellPHanssonLSkoogISCOPE Study GroupThe study on cognition and prognosis in the elderly (SCOPE): principal results of a randomized double-blind intervention trialJ Hypertens200321587588612714861
  • PapademetriouVFarsangCElmfeldtDStudy on cognition and prognosis in the elderly study group. Stroke prevention with the angiotensin II type 1-receptor blocker candesartan in elderly patients with isolated systolic hypertension: the Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE)J Am Coll Cardiol20044461175118015364316
  • SchraderJLudersSKuschewskiAAcute Candesartan Cilexetil Therapy in Stroke Survivors Study Group. The ACCESS study: evaluation of acute candesartan cilexetil therapy in stroke survivorsStroke20033471699170312817109
  • YusufSOstergrebJGersteinHCandesartan in Heart Failure-Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and Morbidity Program Investigators. Effects of candesartan on the development of a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in patients with heart failureCirculation20051121485315983242
  • Chobanian AbakrisGBlackHCushmanWThe National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee. Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood PressureHypertension200342120614656957
  • PapadopolousDMakrisTPapademtriouVIs it time to treat pre-hypertension?Hypertens Res20083191681168618971545
  • EganBNesbittSJuliusSPrehypertension: should we be treating with pharmacologic therapy?Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis20082430531419124429
  • GargRYusufSOverview of randomized trials of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure. Collaborative Group on ACE Inhibitor TrialsJAMA199527318145014567654275
  • The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2008 of the European Society of Cardiology. ESC guidelinesEur Heart J2008292238822442
  • DucharmeASwedbergKPfefferMPrevention of atrial fibrillation in patients with symptomatic chronic heart failure by candesartan in the Candesartan in Heart Failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and Morbidity (CHARM) programAm Heart J20061521869216838426
  • MaggioniALatiniRCarsonPValsartan reduces the incidence of atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure: results from the Valsartan Heart Failure Trial (Val-HeFT)Am Heart J200514954854715864246
  • WachtellKLehtoMGerdtsEAngiotensin II receptor blockade reduces new-onset atrial fibrillation and subsequent stroke compared to atenolol: the Losartan Intervention For End Point Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) studyJ Am Coll Cardiol20054571271915734615
  • MarkusPSchneiderMD*HuaTsushung APhD †BöhmMichaelMD‡WachtellKristianMD, PhD§KjeldsenSverre EMD, PhD||SchmiederRoland EMDPrevention of Atrial Fibrillation by Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibition. A Meta AnalysisJ Am Coll Cardiol2010552299230720488299
  • Jandeleit-DahmKTikellisCReidCWhy blockade of the renin-angiotensin system reduces the incidence of new-onset diabetesJ Hypertens200523346347315716683
  • ShaoJiaqingIwashitaNIkedaFBeneficial effects of candesartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, on β-cell function. Biochemical and biophysical research communications and morphology in db/db miceBiochem Biophys Res Commun200634441224123316650382
  • GillespieEWhiteCKardasMThe impact of ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers on the development of new-onset type 2 diabetesDiabetes Care2005282261226616123505
  • ScheenAPrevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus through inhibition of the Renin–angiotensin systemDrugs200464222537256515516153
  • ElliottWMeyerPIncident diabetes in clinical trials of antihypertensive drugs: a network meta-analysisThe Lancet20073699557201207
  • OgiharaTNakaoKFukuiTEffects of candesartan compared with amlodipine in hypertensive patients with high cardiovascular risks: candesartan antihypertensive survival evaluation in Japan trialHypertension200851239339818172059
  • KasanukiHHagiwaraNHosodaSAngiotensin II receptor blocker-based vs non-angiotensin II receptor blocker-based therapy in patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease and hypertension: the Heart Institute of Japan Candesartan Randomized Trial for Evaluation in Coronary Artery Disease (HIJ-CREATE)Eur Heart J200930101203121219346521
  • SuzukiKNakagawaOAizawaYImproved early-phase insulin response after candesartan treatment in hypertensive patients with impaired glucose toleranceClin Exp Hypertens200830530931418633754
  • BoshJYusufSGerdteinHDREAM Trial Investigators Effect of ramipril on the incidence of diabetesN Engl J Med2006355151551156216980380
  • CaliffRBoolellMHafnerSNAVIGATOR Study Group. Prevention of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in patients with impaired glucose tolerance: rationale and design of the Nateglinide And Valsartan in Impaired Glucose Tolerance Outcomes Research (NAVIGATOR) TrialAm Heart J2008156462363218946890
  • MitchellKBraamBNavarLHypertensiogenic mechanisms mediated by renal actions of rennin–angiotensin systemHypertension199219Suppl 1I18I271730450
  • LewisEHunsickerLBainRRohdeRThe effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition on diabetic nephropathy. The Collaborative Study GroupN Engl J Med199332920145614628413456
  • LovellHAngiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in normotensive diabetic patients with microalbuminuriaCochrane Database Syst Rev20011CD00218311279757
  • StrippoliGCraigMCraigJAntihypertensive agents for preventing diabetic kidney diseaseCochrane Database Syst Rev20054CD00413616235351
  • LewisEHunsickerLClarkeWCollaborative Study Group. Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetesN Engl J Med20013451285186011565517
  • BrennerBCooperMDezeeuwDRENAAL Study Investigators. Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathyN Engl J Med20013451286186911565518
  • ParvingHLehnertHIrbesartan in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Microalbuminuria Study Group. The effect of irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetesN Engl J Med20013451287087811565519
  • StripolliGCraigMDeeksJEffects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists on mortality and renal outcomes in diabetic nephropathy: systematic reviewBMJ2004329747082815459003
  • MackenzieHTroyJRennkeHBrennerBTCV 116 prevents progressive renal injury in rats with extensive renal mass ablationJ Hypertens Suppl1994129S11S167884578
  • KumagaiHSkataKMatsuuraTComparison of ARB and ACEI for renoprotection in chronic glomerulonephritisNippon Rinsho200260102005201312397699
  • MurayamaSHiranoTSakaueTLow-dose candesartan cilexetil prevents early kidney damage in type 2 diabetic patients with mildly elevated blood pressureHypertens Res200326645345812862201
  • RossingKChristensenPHansenBOptimal dose of candesartan for renoprotection in type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy: a double-blind randomized cross-over studyDiabetes Care200326115015512502672
  • WeinbergAZappeDAshtonMWeinbergMSafety and tolerability of high-dose angiotensin receptor blocker therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease: a pilot studyAm J Nephrol200424334034515192304
  • SchmeiderRKlingbeilAFleischmannEAdditional antiproteinuric effect of ultrahigh dose candesartan: a double-blind, randomized, prospective studyJ Am Soc Nephrol200516103038304516120821
  • BurgessEMuirheadNDecotretPthe SMART (Supra Maximal Atacand Renal Trial) InvestigatorsSupramaximal dose of candesartan in proteinuric renal diseaseJ Am Soc Nephrol200920489390019211712
  • KurokawaKAbeKSarutaTAntiproteinuric effect of candesartan cilexetil in patients with chronic glomerulonephritisJ Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst20023316717512563567
  • OmotoKTanabeKTokumotoKUse of candesartan cilexetil decreases proteinuria in renal transplant patients with chronic allograft dysfunctionTransplantation20037681170117414578748
  • NutaharaKHigashiharaEHorieSCalcium channel blocker versus angiotensin II receptor blocker in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney diseaseNephron Clin Pract2005991c18c2315637459
  • MogensenCNeldamSTikkanenIfor the CALM Study GroupRandomised controlled trial of dual blockade of rennin – angiotensin system in patients with hypertension, microalbuminuria, and non-insulin dependent diabetes: the candesartan and lisinopril microalbuminuria (CALM)studyBMJ20003211440144411110735
  • Kincaid-SmithPFairleyKPackhamDDual blockade of the rennin–angiotensin system compared with a 50% increase in the dose of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor: effects on proteinuria and blood pressureNephrol Dial Transplant20041992272227415252156
  • LunoJBarrioVGoicoecheaMEffects of dual blockade of the rennin–angiotensin system in primary proteinuric nephropathiesKidney Int Suppl200282S47S5212410855
  • RossingKChristensenPJensenBParvingHDual blockade of the rennin–angiotensin system in diabetic nephropathy: a randomized double-blind crossover studyDiabetes Care20022519510011772908
  • AndersenNPoulsenPKnudsenSLong-term dual blockade with candesartan and lisinopril in hypertensive patients with diabetes: the CALM II studyDiabetes Care200528227327715677778
  • ChatuverdiNPortaMKleinRDIRECT Programme Study Group. Effect of candesartan on prevention (DIRECT-Prevent 1) and progression (DIRECT-Protect 1) of retinopathy in type 1 diabetes: randomised, placebo-controlled trialsLancet200837296471394140218823656
  • SjolieAKleinRPortaMDIRECT Programme Study GroupEffect of candesartan on progression and regression of retinopathy in type 2 diabetes (DIRECT-Protect 2): a randomised placebo-controlled trialLancet200837296471385139318823658
  • De RosaMLChiarielloMCandesartan improves maximal exercise capacity in hypertensives: results of a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trialJ Clin Hypertens2009114192200