428
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Seizures in horses: diagnosis and classification

Pages 301-308 | Published online: 05 Oct 2015

References

  • GhormleyTMFeldmanDGCookJRJrEpilepsy in dogs five years of age and older: 99 cases (2006–2011)J Am Vet Med Assoc2015246444745025632819
  • ChandlerKCanine epilepsy: what can we learn from human seizure disorders?Vet J2006172220721716154785
  • FisherRSBoasWVBlumeWEpileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions proposed by the International League against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE)Epilepsia200546447047215816939
  • LacombeVAMayesMMosseriSReedSMFennerWROuHTEpilepsy in horses: aetiological classification and predictive factorsEquine Vet J201244664665122168451
  • BeghiEBergACarpioAComment on epileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE)Epilepsia200546101698169916190948
  • Commission on Classification and Terminology of the International League Against EpilepsyProposal for revised classification of epilepsies and epileptic syndromesEpilepsia19893043893992502382
  • Commission on Epidemiology and Prognosis, International League Against EpilepsyGuidelines for epidemiologic studies on epilepsyEpilepsia19933445925968330566
  • EngelJA proposed diagnostic scheme for people with epileptic seizures and with epilepsy. Report of the ILAE task force on classification and terminologyEpilepsia200142679680311422340
  • LacombeVAMayesMMosseriSReedSMOuTHDistribution and predictive factors of seizure types in 104 casesEquine Vet J201446444144523888910
  • FerrieCDTerminology and organization of seizures and epilepsies: radical changes not justified by new evidenceEpilepsia201051471371420394642
  • AvanziniGA sound conceptual framework for an epilepsy classification is still lackingEpilepsia201051472072220394647
  • BergATBerkovicSFBrodieMRevised terminology and concepts for organization of seizures and epilepsies: report of the ILAE commission on classification and terminology, 2005–2009Epilepsia201051467668520196795
  • BerendtMGramLEpilepsy and seizure classification in 63 dogs: a reappraisal of veterinary epilepsy terminologyJ Vet Intern Med1999131142010052058
  • PodellMFennerWRPowersJDSeizure classification in dogs from a nonreferral-based populationJ Am Vet Med Assoc199520611172117287782244
  • SchrieflSSteinbergTAMatiasekKOssigAFenskeNFischerAEtiologic classification of seizures, signalment, clinical signs, and outcome in cats with seizure disorders: 91 cases (2000–2004)J Am Vet Med Assoc2008233101591159719014293
  • PodellMSeizures in dogsVet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract19962647798098813750
  • PakozdyAHalaszPKlangAEpilepsy in cats: theory and practiceJ Vet Intern Med201428225526324438024
  • BerendtMEpilepsyBraundKGClinical Neurology in Small Animals – Localization, Diagnosis and TreatmentIthaca, New York, USAInternational Veterinary Information Service2004
  • LacombeVASeizures, narcolepsy and cataplexyReedSMBaylyWSellonDEquine Internal MedicineSt Louis, MOSaunders2010572578
  • van der ReeMWijnbergIA review on epilepsy in the horse and the potential of ambulatory EEG as a diagnostic toolVet Q2012323–415916723163553
  • BerendtMGredalHAlvingJCharacteristics and phenomenology of epileptic partial seizures in dogs: similarities with human seizure semiologyEpilepsy Res2004611–316717315451018
  • BerendtMGredalHErsbollAKAlvingJPremature death, risk factors, and life patterns in dogs with epilepsyJ Vet Intern Med200721475475917708395
  • ViitmaaRCizinauskasSBergamascoLAMagnetic resonance imaging findings in Finnish spitz dogs with focal epilepsyJ Vet Intern Med200620230531016594587
  • Sogaro-RobinsonCLacombeVAReedSMBalkrishnanRFactors predictive of abnormal results for computed tomography of the head in horses affected by neurologic disorders: 57 cases (2001–2007)J Am Vet Med Assoc2009235217618319601739
  • FurrMPerinatal asphyxia in foalsCompend Conint Educ Pract1996181213421351
  • HardefeldtLYHyponatraemic encephalopathy in azotaemic neonatal foals: four casesAust Vet J2014921248849125424762
  • Manso-DiazGDysonSJDennisRMagnetic resonance imaging characteristics of equine head disorders: 84 cases (2000–2013)Vet Radiol Ultrasound201556217618725139131
  • ShorvonSDThe etiologic classification of epilepsyEpilepsia20115261052105721449936
  • AlemanMGrayLCWilliamsDCJuvenile idiopathic epilepsy in Egyptian Arabian foals: 22 cases (1985–2005)J Vet Intern Med20062061443144917186863
  • Lichter-PeledAPolaniSStanyonRRocchiMBar-GalGKRole of KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 genes in juvenile idiopathic epilepsy in Arabian foalsVet J20131961576323182620
  • KubeSAAlemanMWilliamsDCLeCouteurRAHow to work up a horse with seizuresPaper presented at: 50th Annual Convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners2004Denver, Colorado
  • LyleCHTurleyGBlissittKJRetrospective evaluation of episodic collapse in the horse in a referred population: 25 cases (1995–2009)J Vet Intern Med20102461498150221039868
  • WongDHepworthKYaegerMMilesKWilgenbuschCImaging diagnosis-hypoglycemia associated with cholangiocarcinoma and peritoneal carcinomatosis in a horseVet Radiol Ultrasoun2015561E9E12
  • DuniganCEOglesbeeMJPodellMMittenLAReedSMSeizures activity associated with equine protozoal myeloencephalitisProg Vet Neurol1995625054
  • LacombeVAndrewsMElectrodiagnostic evaluation of the nervous systemReedSFurrMEquine NeurologyAmes, IABlackwell publishing Co2007127148
  • LacombeVAPodellMFurrMDiagnostic validity of electroencephalography in equine intracranial disordersJ Vet Intern Med200115438539311467598
  • AminoffMElectroencephalography: general principles and clinical applicationsAminoffMElectrodiagnosis in Clinical Neurology2nd edNew York, NYChurchill Livingstone19862175
  • ReddingRWElectroencephalographyOliverJEHorleinBFMayhewIGVeterinary NeurologyPhiladelphia, PAWB Saunders1987111145
  • GrabowJDAnslowROSpalatinJElectroencephalographic recordings with multicontact depth probes in a horseAm J Vet Res1969307123912435815928
  • GarnerHEGeddesLAAmendJFRosborouJPRossJNElectrodes for recording cortical electroencephalograms in poniesLab Anim Sci19722222622654337001
  • OttoKShortCEElectroencephalographic power spectrum analysis as a monitor of anesthetic depth in horsesVet Surg19912053623711962420
  • MurrellJCJohnsonCBWhiteKLTaylorPMHaberhamZLWaterman-PearsonAEChanges in the EEG during castration in horses and ponies anaesthetized with halothaneVet Anaesth Analg200330313814614498845
  • JohnsonCBTaylorPMComparison of the effects of halothane, isoflurane and methoxyflurane on the electroencephalogram of the horseBrit J Anaesth199881574875310193288
  • AuerJAAmendJFGarnerHEHutchesonDPSalemCAElectroencephalographic responses during volatile anesthesia in domestic ponies – comparative-study of isoflurane, enflurane, methoxyflurane, and halothaneJ Equine Med Surg197933130134
  • HagaHADolvikNIElectroencephalographic and cardiovascular variables as nociceptive indicators in isoflurane-anaesthetized horsesVet Anaesth Analg200532312813515877659
  • DallaireARuckebusYSleep and Wakefulness in housed pony under different dietary conditionsCan J Comp Med197438165714272959
  • LaprasMFlorioRJoubertLNormal electroencephalogram in the horse. Its pathological variations in West Nile viral meningoencephalomyelitis. Relations to clinical findings, virology and histopathologyRev Med Vet (Toulouse)1968119673693
  • KnechtCDSorjonenDCSimpsonSTAncillary tests in the diagnosis of seizuresJ Am Anim Hosp Assoc1984203455458
  • WilliamsDCAlemanMTharpBQualitative and quantitative characteristics of the electroencephalogram in normal horses after sedationJ Vet Intern Med201226364565322489924
  • PurohitRCMysingerPWReddingRWEffects of xylazine and ketamine-hydrochloride on the electroencephalogram and the electrocardiogram in the horseAm J Vet Res19814246156197332120
  • BorrisDJBertramEHKapurJKetamine controls prolonged status epilepticusEpilepsy Res2000422–311712211074184
  • WijnbergIDvan der ReeMvan SomerenPThe applicability of ambulatory electroencephalography (AEEG) in healthy horses and horses with abnormal behaviour or clinical signs of epilepsyVet Quart2013333121131
  • LacombeVSeizure disordersRobinsonNSprayberryKCurrent Therapy in Equine Medicine7th edSt Louis, MISaunders2015375379
  • MysingerPWReddingRWVaughanJTPurohitRCHolladayJAElectroencephalographic patterns of clinically normal, sedated, and tranquilized newborn foals and adult horsesAm J Vet Res198546136413970440
  • ItabisashiTHorinoRHiranoKMaedaMElectroencephalographic observation on sheep and cattle with experimental cerebrocortical necrosisJpn J Vet Sci1990523551558
  • BerendtMHogenhavenHFlagstadADamMElectroencephalography in dogs with epilepsy: similarities between human and canine findingsActa Neurol Scand199999527628310348156
  • HeathSEArtsobHBellRJHarlandRJEquine encephalitis caused by snowshoe hare (California Serogroup) VirusCan Vet J198930866967117423397
  • HepburnRJFurrMOSinonasal adenocarcinoma causing central nervous system disease in a horseJ Vet Intern Med200418112513114765745
  • SteissJECoxNRKnechtCDElectroencephalographic and histopathologic correlations in eight dogs with intracranial mass lesionsAm J Vet Res1990518128612912386329
  • NoachtarSRemiJThe role of EEG in epilepsy: a critical reviewEpilepsy Behav2009151223319248841
  • LacombeVASogaro-RobinsonCReedSMDiagnostic utility of computed tomography imaging in equine intracranial conditionsEquine Vet J201042539339920636774
  • GilmanSMedical progress – Imaging the brain – Second of two partsNew Engl J Med1998338138898969516225
  • LacombeVAChallenges associated with the diagnosis and treatment of parasitic encephalitisEquine Vet Educ20132512605606
  • Jose-CunillerasEPiercyRJAdvanced diagnostic imaging options in horses with neurological disease that localises to the headEquine Vet Educ2007194179181
  • PorterEGWerpyNMNew concepts in standing advanced diagnostic equine imagingVet Clin North Am Equine Pract201430123926824680215
  • TuckerRLFarrellEComputed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the equine headVet Clin North Am Equine Pract200117113114411488040
  • KrumholzAWiebeSGronsethGPractice parameter: Evaluating an apparent unprovoked first seizure in adults (an evidence-based review) – Report of the quality standards subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Epilepsy SocietyNeurology200769211996200718025394