Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction: current perspectives on diagnosis and management

References

• SchottHIIPituitary pars intermedia dysfunction: equine Cushing’s diseaseVet Clin North Am Equine Pract200218223727015635907
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DybdalNOHargreavesKMMadiganJEGribbleDHKennedyPCStabenfeldtGHDiagnostic testing for pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in horsesJ Am Vet Med Assoc199420446276328163420
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGowanTWPinchbeckGPMcGowanCMPrevalence, risk factors and clinical signs predictive for equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in aged horsesEquine Vet J2013451747922594955
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IrelandJLCleggPDMcGowanCMMcKaneSAChandlerKJPinchbeckGLDisease prevalence in geriatric horses in the United Kingdom: veterinary clinical assessment of 200 casesEquine Vet J201244110110621668494
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BrosnahanMMParadisMRDemographic and clinical characteristics of geriatric horses: 467 cases (1989–1999)J Am Vet Med Assoc20032231939812839071
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MellorDLoveSWalkerRGettinbyGReidSSentinel practice-based survey of the management and health of horses in Northern BritainVec Rec200114914417423
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFarlaneDDonaldsonMSalehTCribbAThe role of dopaminergic neurodegeneration in equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (equine Cushing’s disease)Proceedings of the 49th Annual Connvention of the American Association of Equine PractitionersNew Orleans, LO, USA21–25 November 2003233237
   Google Scholar
• McFarlaneDDybdalNDonaldsonMTMillerLCribbAENitration and increased α-synuclein expression associated with dopaminergic neurodegeneration in equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunctionJ Neuroendocrinol2005172738015796757
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFarlaneDEquine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunctionVet Clin North Am Equine Pract20112719311321392656
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFarlaneDCribbAESystemic and pituitary pars intermedia antioxidant capacity associated with pars intermedia oxidative stress and dysfunction in horsesAm J Vet Res200566122065207216379648
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFarlaneDAdvantages and limitations of the equine disease, pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction as a model of spontaneous dopaminergic neurodegenerative diseaseAgeing Res Rev200761546317374512
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BeechJBostonRCMcFarlaneDLindborgSEvaluation of plasma acth, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, and insulin concentrations during various photoperiods in clinically normal horses and ponies and those with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunctionJ Am Vet Med Assoc2009235671572219751169
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchreiberCMStewartAJKwessiESeasonal variation in results of diagnostic tests for pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in older, clinically normal geldingsJ Am Vet Med Assoc2012241224124822765372
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFarlaneDDonaldsonMTMcDonnellSMCribbAEEffects of season and sample handling on measurement of plasma α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone concentrations in horses and poniesAm J Vet Res200465111463146815566081
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mc GowanTWPinchbeckGPMcGowanCMEvaluation of basal plasma α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and adrenocorticotrophic hormone concentrations for the diagnosis of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction from a population of aged horsesEquine Vet J2013451667322563728
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FrankNAndrewsFMDurhamAMcFarlaneDSchottHRecommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of PPID 2011 Available from: http://sites.tufts.edu/equineendogroup/Accessed May 11, 2015
   Google Scholar
• DurhamAEMcGowanCMFeyKTamzaliYvan der KolkJHPituitary pars intermedia dysfunction: Diagnosis and treatmentEquine Vet Ed201426216223
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TanRHHSpeltaCWSonisJMKey recommendations form leading Australian and New Zealand equine specialists for the diagnosis and treatment of PPID (equine Cushing’s disesase)2014 Available from: http://www.talkaboutlaminitis.com.au/vet-area/downloadsAccessed May 11, 2015
   Google Scholar
• FrankNAndrewsFMSommardahlCSEilerHRohrbachBWDonnellRLEvaluation of the combined dexamethasone suppression/thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test for detection of pars intermedia pituitary adenomas in horsesJ Vet Intern Med200620498799316955827
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SojkaJEJacksonLPMooreGMillerMDomperidone causes an increase in endogenous acth concentration in horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (equine Cushing’s disease)Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Convention of the American Association of Equine PractitionersSan Antonio2006
   Google Scholar
• CouëtilLParadisMRKnollJPlasma adrenocorticotropin concentration in healthy horses and in horses with clinical signs of hyperadrenocorticismJ Vet Intern Med1996101168965262
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LoveSEquine Cushing’s diseaseVet J19931492139153
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFarlaneDMillerLMCraigLEAgreement in histologic assessments of the pituitary pars intermedia in aged horsesAm J Vet Res200566122055205916379646
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFarlaneDBeechJCribbAAlpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone release in response to thyrotropin releasing hormone in healthy horses, horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction and equine pars intermedia explantsDomest Anim Endocrinol200630427628816115743
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• InneråMPetersenADDesjardinsDRSteficekBARosserEJJrSchottHC2ndComparison of hair follicle histology between horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction and excessive hair growth and normal aged horsesVet Dermatol201324121221723331700
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van der KolkJKalsbeekHVan GarderenEWensingTBreukinkHEquine pituitary neoplasia: a clinical report of 21 cases (1990–1992)Vec Rec199313324594
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JohnsonPJSlightSHGanjamVKKreegerJMGlucocorticoids and laminitis in the horseVet Clin North Am Equine Pract200218221923615635906
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JohnsonPJMesserNTSlightSHWiedmeyerCBuffPGanjamVKEndocrinopathic laminitis in the horseClin Tech Eq Prac2004314556
   Google Scholar
• AsplinKESillenceMNPollittCCMcGowanCMInduction of laminitis by prolonged hyperinsulinaemia in clinically normal poniesVet J2007174353053517719811
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NourianARAsplinKEMcGowanCMSillenceMNPollittCCEquine laminitis: ultrastructural lesions detected in ponies following hyperinsulinaemiaEquine Vet J200941767167719927586
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FrankNTadrosEMInsulin dysregulationEquine Vet J201446110311224033478
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CouetilLEquine Cushing’s disease: diagnosis and treatmentPaper presented at: 9th International Congress of World Equine Veterinary AssociationJanuary; 2006Marrakesh, Morocco
   Google Scholar
• McFarlaneDHaleGMJohnsonEMMaxwellLKFecal egg counts after anthelmintic administration to aged horses and horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunctionJ Am Vet Med Assoc2010236333033420113248
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SpeltaCWAxonJECase series of equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in a tropical climateAust Vet J2012901145145623106327
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BeechJBostonRLindborgSComparison of cortisol and acth responses after administration of thyrotropin releasing hormone in normal horses and those with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunctionJ Vet Intern Med20112561431143822092639
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AlexanderSIrvineCLiveseyJDonaldREffect of isolation stress on concentrations of arginine vasopressin, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and ACTH in the pituitary venous effluent of the normal horseJ Endocrinol198811633253342832503
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FazioEMedicaPAronicaVGrassoLFerlazzoACirculating β-endorphin, adrenocorticotrophic hormone and cortisol levels of stallions before and after short road transport: stress effect of different distancesActa Vet Scand200850618315878
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CavalloneEdi GiancamilloMSecchieroBBelloliAPravettoniDRimoldiEMVariations of serum cortisol in argentine horses subjected to ship transport and adaptation stressJ Equine Vet Sci20022212541545
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AlexanderSIrvineCEllisMDonaldRThe effect of acute exercise on the secretion of corticotropin-releasing factor, arginine vasopressin, and adrenocorticotropin as measured in pituitary venous blood from the horseEndocrinology1991128165721846116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DonaldsonMMcFarlaneDJorgensenABeechJCorrelation between plasma-melanocyte-stimulating hormone concentration and body mass index in healthy horsesAm J Vet Res200465111469147315566082
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FunkRAStewartAJWooldridgeAASeasonal changes in plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in normal, aged horsesJ Vet Intern Med201125357958521457320
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DonaldsonMTMcDonnellSMSchanbacherBJLambSVMcFarlaneDBeechJVariation in plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone concentration and dexamethasone suppression test results with season, age, and sex in healthy ponies and horsesJ Vet Intern Med200519221722215822567
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FrankNElliottSBChameroyKATóthFChumblerNSMcClamrochRAssociation of season and pasture grazing with blood hormone and metabolite concentrations in horses with presumed pituitary pars intermedia dysfunctionJ Vet Intern Med20102451167117520666984
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFarlaneDParadisMZimmelDThe effect of geographic location, breed, and pituitary dysfunction on seasonal adrenocorticotropin and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone plasma concentrations in horsesJ Vet Intern Med20112587288121745243
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RendleDILitchfieldEHellerJHughesKJInvestigation of rhythms of secretion and repeatability of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone concentrations in healthy horses and horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunctionEquine Vet J201446111311723742059
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CopasVENDurhamAECircannual variation in plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone concentrations in the UK in normal horses and ponies, and those with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunctionEquine Vet J201244444044321848531
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RendleDIDuzMBeechJParkinTDurhamAEInvestigation of single and paired measurements of adrenocorticotropic hormone for the diagnosis of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in horsesJ Vet Intern Med201529135536125312676
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diez de CastroELopezICortesBPinedaCGarfiabBAguilera-TejeroEInfluence of feeding status, time of the day, and season on baseline adrenocorticotropic hormone and the response to thyrotropin releasing hormone-stimulation test in healthy horsesDomest Anim Endocrinol201448778324906932
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RendleDILitchfieldEGoughSCowlingAHughesKJThe effects of sample handling and n-phenylmaleimide on concentration of adrenocorticotrophic hormone in equine plasmaEquine Vet J Epub201471
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GoodaleLFrankNHermidaPD’OenchSEvaluation of a thyrotropin-releasing hormone solution stored at room temperature for pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction testing in horsesAm J Vet Res201576543744425909376
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KarikoskiNHornIMcGowanTMcGowanCThe prevalence of endocrinopathic laminitis among horses presented for laminitis at a first-opinion/referral equine hospitalDomest Anim Endocrinol201141311111721696910
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BaileySRMenzies-GowNJHarrisPAEffect of dietary fructans and dexamethasone administration on the insulin response of ponies predisposed to laminitisJ Am Vet Med Assoc200723191365137317975996
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CarterRATreiberKHGeorRJDouglassLHarrisPAPrediction of incipient pasture-associated laminitis from hyperinsulinaemia, hyperleptinaemia and generalised and localised obesity in a cohort of poniesEquine Vet J200941217117819418747
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MastroLMAdamsAAUrschelKLPituitary pars intermedia dysfunction does not necessarily impair insulin sensitivity in old horsesDomest Anim Endocrinol201550142525240230
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VickMAdamsAMurphyBRelationships among inflammatory cytokines, obesity, and insulin sensitivity in the horseJ Anim Sci20078551144115517264235
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MalinowskiKBetrosCFloraLKearnsCMcKeeverKEffect of training on age-related changes in plasma insulin and glucoseEquine Vet J200234S34147153
   Google Scholar
• FrankNEquine metabolic syndromeVet Clin North Am Equine Pract2011271739221392655
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchuverAFrankNChameroyKAUse of an oral sugar test to assess insulin sensitivity in healthy and insulin-resistant horsesJ Vet Intern Med2010243780
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DurhamAEEquine metabolic syndrome: measuring and monitoring response to treatment and managementUniversity of Melbourne Equine Centre Annual ConferenceWerribe, Victoria2013
   Google Scholar
• FrankNEquine metabolic syndromeSmithBPLarge Animal Internal Medicine5th edSt Louis, MOElsevier Health Sciences201412401243
   Google Scholar
• CorderoMMcFarlaneDBreshearsMAMillerLMMillerMADuckettWMThe effect of season on the histologic and histomorphometric appearance of the equine pituitary glandJ Equine Vet Sci20123227579
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FrankNGeorRJBaileySRDurhamAEJohnsonPJEquine metabolic syndromeJ Vet Intern Med201024346747520384947
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GeorRJHarrisPDietary management of obesity and insulin resistance: countering risk for laminitisVet Clin North Am: Equine Pract2009251516519303550
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AdamsAASiardMHReedySELittleJPGrubbsSLittleMPDoes equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) affect immune responses to vaccination?Paper presented at: Dorothy Russell Havemeyer Foundation Equine Geriatric Workshop II 3rd Equine Endocrine Summit2014Middleburg, VA
   Google Scholar
• McFarlaneDImmunosenescence in horsesPaper presented at: Proceedings of the 59th Annual Convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners2013Nashville, TN
   Google Scholar
• DavisJLKirkLMDavidsonGSPapichMGEffects of compounding and storage conditions on stability of pergolide mesylateJ Am Vet Med Assoc2009234338538919210262
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PetersDErfleJSlobojanGLow-dose pergolide mesylate treatment for equine hypophyseal adenomas (Cushing’s syndrome)Paper presented at: 41st Annual Convention of the American Association of Equine Practioners1995Lexington, KY
   Google Scholar
• SchottHCoursenCLEberhartSWThe Michigan Cushing’s projectPaper presented at: Proceedings of the 47th Annual Convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners2001San Diego, CA
   Google Scholar