References
- AlikhanRCohenAT2003A safety analysis of thromboprophylaxis in acute medical illnessThromb Haemost89590112624645
- AlikanRPetersFWilmottRCohenAT2004Fatal pulmonary embolism in hospitalized patients: a necroscopy review?J Clin Pathol571254715563663
- AndersonFAWheelerHBGoldbergRJ1991A population-based perspective of the hospital incidence and case-fatality rates of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. The Worcester DVT StudyArch Intern Med15193382025141
- ArnoldDMKahnSRShrierI2001Missed Opportunities for Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism. An Evaluation of the Use of Thromboprophylaxis GuidelinesChest12019647111742929
- BergmannJFNeuhartE1996A multicenter randomized double-blind study of enoxaparin compared with unfractionated heparin in the prevention of venous thromboembolic disease in elderly in-patients bedridden for an acute medical illnessThromb Haemost76529348902991
- BeythRJQuinnLMLandefeldCS1998Prospective evaluation of an index for predicting the risk of major bleeding in outpatients treated with warfarinAm J Med1059199727814
- BlannDBLipGYH2006Clinical review: Venous thromboembolismBMJ3322151916439400
- BressolletteLNonentMOgerE2001Diagnostic accuracy of compression ultrasonography for the detection of asymptomatic deep venous thrombosis in medical patients-the TADEUS projectThromb Haemost865293311521998
- BullerHRAgnelliGHullRD2004bThe Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Antithrombotic Therapy for Venous Thromboembolic DiseaseChest126401S28S15383479
- BullerHRDavidsonBLDecoususH2004aFondaparinux or enoxaparin for the initial treatment of symptomatic deep venous thrombosis: a randomized trialAnn Intern Med1408677315172900
- BullerHRDavidsonBLDecoususH2003Subcutaneous fondaparinux versus intravenous unfractionated heparin in the initial treatment of pulmonary embolismN Engl J Med349169570214585937
- ClaseCGargAKiberdB2002Estimating the prevalence of low glomerular filtration rate requires attention to the creatinine calibration assayJ Am Soc Nephrol1313384911961022
- CohenATDavidsonBLGallusAS2006Efficacy and safety of fondaparinux for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in older acute medical patients: randomized placebo controlled trialBr Med J332325916439370
- ColletJPMontalescotGFineE2003Enoxaparin in unstable angina patients who would have been excluded from randomized pivotal trialsJ Am Coll Cardiol4181412570937
- CrowtherMABerryLRMonaglePT2002Mechanism responsible for the failure of protamine to inactivate low-molecular-weight heparinBr J Haematol1161788611841415
- Dalteparin Prescribing information2006Accessed 3 November 2006. URL: http://www.fragmin.com/professional/default.asp
- El NahasAMBelloAK2005Chronic kidney disease: the global challengeLancet3653314015664230
- Enoxaparin Prescribing information2006Accessed 3 November 2006. URL: http://www.lovenox.com/consumer/default.aspx
- European Medicines Agency2007Accessed February 10, 2007. URL: http://www.emea.europa.eu/humandocs/Humans/EPAR/arixtra/arixtra.htm
- Fondaparinux Prescribing information2006Accessed 2 November 2006. URL: http://www.arixtra.com/index.htm
- GattMEPaltielOBursztynM2004Is prolonged immobilization a risk factor for symptomatic venous thromboembolism in elderly bedridden patients? Results of a historical-cohort studyThromb Haemost915384314983230
- GeertsWHPineoGFJohnA2004The Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Prevention of Venous ThromboembolismChest126338S400S15383478
- GoldhaberSZHennekensCHEvansDA1982Factors associated with correct antemortem diagnosis of major pulmonary embolismAm J Med738228267148876
- GoldhaberSZTapsonVF2004A prospective registry of 5,451 patients with ultrasound-confirmed deep vein thrombosisAm J Cardiol932596214715365
- HeitJASilversteinMDMohrDN2000Risk factors for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism – a population-based case-control studyArch Intern Med1608091510737280
- HirshJRaschkeR2004The Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and ThrombolyticTherapy. Heparin and Low-Molecular-Weight HeparinChest126188S203S15383472
- ImbertiDPriscoD2005Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in medical patients: Future perspectiveThromb Res1163657516122549
- KakkarAKDavidsonBLHaasSKThe Investigators Against Thromboembolism (INATE) Core Group2004Compliance with recommended prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism: improving the use and rate of uptake of clinical practice guidelinesJ Thromb Haemost2221714995982
- KucherNLeizoroviczAVaitkusPTfor the PREVENT Medical Thromboprophylaxis Study Group2005Efficacy and Safety of Fixed Low-Dose Dalteparin in Preventing Venous Thromboembolism Among Obese or Elderly Hospitalized Patients. A Subgroup Analysis of the PREVENT TrialArch Intern Med165341515710801
- LaposataMGreenDVan CottEM1998College of American Pathologists Conference XXXI on Laboratory Monitoring of Anticoagulant Therapy: the clinical use and laboratory monitoring of low-molecular-weight heparin, danaparoid, hirudin and related compounds, and argatrobanArch Pathol Lab Med1227998079740137
- LevineMNRaskobGBeythRJ2004The Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and ThrombolyticTherapy. Hemorrhagic Complications of Anticoagulant TreatmentChest126287S310S15383476
- LeizoroviczACohenATTurpieAGGfor PREVENT Medical Thromboprophylaxis Study Group2004Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Dalteparin for the Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism in Acutely Ill Medical PatientsCirculation110874915289368
- LimWAl SalehKDouketisJD2005Low-molecular-weight heparins for the treatment of acute coronary syndrome and venous thromboembolism in patients with chronic renal insufficiencyThromb Res1184091616026817
- LimWDentaliFEikelboomJW2006Meta-analysis: low-molecular-weight heparin and bleeding in patients with severe renal insufficiencyAnn Intern Med1446738416670137
- LindbladBSternbyNHBergqvistD1991Incidence of venous thromboembolism verified by necropsy over 30 yearsBr Med J3027097112021744
- MismettiPLaporte-SimitsidisSTardyB2000Prevention of venous thromboembolism in internal medicine with unfractionated or low-molecular-weight heparins: a meta-analysis of randomised clinical trialsThromb Haemost83141910669147
- MonrealMKakkarAKCapriniJA2004The outcome after treatment of venous thromboembolism is different in surgical and acutely ill medical patients. Findings from the RIETE registryJ Thromb Haemost21892815550017
- MontalescotGColletJPTanguyML2004Anti-Xa activity relates to survival and efficacy in unselected acute coronary syndrome patients treated with enoxaparinCirculation110392815249498
- NaggeJCrowtherMHirshJ2002Is impaired renal function a contraindication to the use of low-molecular-weight heparin?Arch Intern Med1622605912456233
- NIH2006Accessed 5 December 2006. URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT0077753
- OgerEBressolletteLNonentM2002High prevalence of asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis on admission in a medical unit among elderly patientsThromb Haemost88592712362229
- OlsonSTBjorkIShefferR1992Role of the antithrombin-binding pentasaccharide in heparin acceleration of antithrombin-proteinase reactions. Resolution of the antithrombin conformational change contribution to heparin rate enhancementJ Biol Chem26712528381618758
- PautasEGouinIBellotO2002Safety profile of tinzaparin administered once daily at a standard curative dose in two hundred very elderly patientsDrug Saf257253312167068
- PedoneCCorsonelloAIncalziRA2006Estimating renal function in older people: a comparison of three formulasAge Ageing2121616495291
- PinedaLAHathwarVSGrantBJ2001Clinical suspicion of fatal pulmonary embolismChest12079179511555511
- RabbatCGCookDJCrowtherMA2005Dalteparin thromboprophylaxis for critically ill medical-surgical patients with renal insufficiencyJ Crit Care203576316310608
- RighiniMParisSLe GalG2006Clinical relevance of distal deep vein thrombosis Review of literature dataThromb Haemost95566416543962
- SamamaMMCohenATDarmonJYfor the Prophylaxis in Medical Patients with Enoxaparin Study Group1999A comparison of enoxaparin with placebo for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in acutely ill medical patientsN Engl J Med34179380010477777
- ShprecherARCheng-LaiAMadsenEM2005Peak antifactor Xa activity produced by dalteparin treatment in patients with renal impairment compared with controlsPharmacotherapy258172215927900
- SiguretVPautasEFévrierM2000Elderly patients treated with tinzaparin (Innohep®) administered once daily (175 anti-Xa IU/kg): anti-Xa and anti-IIa activities over 10 daysThromb Haemost84800411127859
- StevensLACoreshJGreenT2006Assessing kidney function – Measured and estimated glomerular filtration rateN Engl J Med35424738316760447
- TincaniEMannucciCCasolariB2006Safety of dalteparin for the prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in elderly medical patients with renal insufficiency: a pilot studyHaematologica91976916757417
- Tinzaparin prescribing information2006Accessed 3 November 2006. URL: http://www.innohepusa.com/corporateweb/innohepus/home.nsf/Content/Home-Healthcare
- TsaiAWCushmanMRosamondWD2002Cardiovascular risk factors and venous thromboembolism incidence: the longitudinal investigation of thromboembolism etiologyArch Intern Med1621182912020191
- VaitkusPTLeizoroviczACohenAT2005Mortality rates and risk factors for asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis in medical patientsThromb Haemost9376915630494
- VerhaveJCFeslerPRibsteinJ2005Estimation of renal function in subjects with normal serum creatinine levels: influence of age and body mass indexAm J Kidney Dis22334116112041
- WarkentinTECookRJMarderVJ2005Anti-platelet factor 4/heparin antibodies in orthopedic surgery patients receiving antithrombotic prophylaxis with fondaparinux or enoxaparinBlood1063791616109780
- WhiteRH2003The epidemiology of venous thromboembolismCirculation107Suppl 11418
- ZierlerBKUltrasonography and diagnosis of venous thromboembolism2004Circulation109I-9I-1415051663