Role of N-acetylcysteine in the management of COPD

References

• AdlerKBHendleyDDDavisGS1986Bacteria associated with obstructive pulmonary disease elaborate extracellular products that stimulate mucin secretion by explants of guinea pig airwaysAm J Pathol125501143099581
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AnthonisenNRConnettJEKileyJP1994Effects of smoking intervention and the use of an inhaled anticholinergic bronchodilator on the rate of decline of FEV1. The Lung Health StudyJAMA27214975057966841
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antonelli-IncImperialeCBelliaV2003Do GOLD stages of COPD severity really correspond to differences in health status?Eur Respir J22444914516133
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AntonicelliFBrownDParmentierM2004Regulation of LPS-mediated inflammation in vivo and in vitro by the thiol antioxidant NacystelynAm J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol286L13192715136298
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AppEMBaranDDabI2002Dose-finding and 24-h monitoring for efficacy and safety of aerosolized Nacystelyn in cystic fibrosisEur Respir J1929430211866009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AruomaOIHalliwellBHoeyBM1989The antioxidant action of N-acetylcysteine: its reaction with hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, superoxide, and hypochlorous acidFree Radic Biol Med659372546864
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AylwardMMaddockJDewlandP1980Clinical evaluation of acetyl-cysteine in the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis: a balanced double-blind trial with placebo controlEur J Respir Dis Suppl1118197011835
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BenrahmouneMTherondPAbedinzadehZ2000The reaction of superoxide radical with N-acetylcysteineFree Radic Biol Med297758211053779
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BhowmikASeemungalTARSapsfordRJ2000Relation of sputum inflammatory markers to symptoms and lung function changes in COPD exacerbationsThorax551142010639527
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BlackPNMorgan–DayAMcMillanTE2004Randomised, controlled trial of N-acetylcysteine for treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [ISRCTN21676344]BMC Pulm Med41315581425
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BomanGBackerULarssonS1983Oral acetylcysteine reduces exacerbation rate in chronic bronchitis: report of a trial organized by the Swedish Society for Pulmonary DiseasesEur J Respir Dis64405156350033
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BorgstromLKagedalB1990Dose dependent pharmacokinetics of N-acetylcysteine after oral dosing to manBiopharm Drug Dispos1113162328298
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BreuerRChristensenTGLuceyEC1987An ultrastructural morphometric analysis of elastase-treated hamster bronchi shows discharge followed by progressive accumulation of secretory granulesAm Rev Respir Dis1366987033651126
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BridgemanMMMarsdenMSelbyC1994Effect of N-acetyl cysteine on the concentrations of thiols in plasma, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and lung tissueThorax4967058066561
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BurrowsBEarleRH1969Course and prognosis of chronic obstructive lung disease. A prospective study of 200 patientsN Engl J Med2803974045763088
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CantinACrystalRG1985Oxidants, antioxidants and the pathogenesis of emphysemaEur J Respir Dis Suppl1397172995106
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• CelliBRMacNeeWAgustiA2004Standards for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COPD: a summary of the ATS/ERS position paperEur Respir J239324615219010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChurchDFPryorWA1985Free-radical chemistry of cigarette smoke and its toxicological implicationsEnviron Health Perspect64111263007083
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChurgAZayKShayS2002Acute Cigarette Smoke-Induced Connective Tissue Breakdown Requires both Neutrophils and Macrophage Metalloelastase in MiceAm J Respir Cell Mol Biol273687412204900
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CohanVLScottALDinarelloCA1991Interleukin-1 is a mucus secretagogueCell Immunol136425341873825
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CotgreaveIABerggrenMJonesTW1987Gastrointestinal metabolism of N-acetylcysteine in the rat, including an assay for sulfite in biological systemsBiopharm Drug Dispos8377863620596
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CotgreaveIAEklundALarssonK1987No penetration of orally administered N-acetylcysteine into bronchoalveolar lavage fluidEur J Respir Dis707373817074
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• CrouchBIRushoWJ2005Intravenous administration of N-AcetylcysteineAnn Emerg Med4620716046960
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De BenedettoFAcetoADraganiB2005Long-term oral N-acetylcysteine reduces exhaled hydrogen peroxide in stable COPDPulm Pharmacol Ther1841715607126
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De CaroLGhizziACostaR1989Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of oral acetylcysteine in healthy volunteersArzneimittelforschung3938262757663
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DecramerMRutten-Van MolkenMDekhuijzenP2005Effects of NAC on outcome of COPD. The bronchitis randomized on NAC cost-utility study (BRONCHUS)Lancet
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DekhuijzenPNAbenKKDekkerI1996Increased exhalation of hydrogen peroxide in patients with stable and unstable chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseAm J Respir Crit Care Med154813168810624
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DesakiMTakizawaHKasamaT2000Nuclear factor-kappa b activation in silica-induced interleukin 8 production by human bronchial epithelial cellsCytokine1212576010930308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DonaldsonGCSeemungalTABhowmikA2002Relationship between exacerbation frequency and lung function decline in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseThorax578475212324669
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DrostEMSkwarskiKMSauledaJ2005Oxidative stress and airway inflammation in severe exacerbations of COPDThorax6029330015790984
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ErzurumSCDanelCGillissenA1993In vivo antioxidant gene expression in human airway epithelium of normal individuals exposed to 100% O2J Appl Physiol751256628226538
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FanVSCurtisJRTuSP2002Using quality of life to predict hospitalization and mortality in patients with obstructive lung diseasesChest1224293612171813
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FulghesuAMCiampelliMMuzjG2002N-acetyl-cysteine treatment improves insulin sensitivity in women with polycystic ovary syndromeFertil Steril7711283512057717
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GerritsCMHeringsRMLeufkensHG2003N-acetylcysteine reduces the risk of re-hospitalisation among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseEur Respir J21795812765423
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GillissenAJaworskaMOrthM1997Nacystelyn, a novel lysine salt of N-acetylcysteine, to augment cellular antioxidant defence in vitroRespir Med91159689135855
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GollubEGGoswamiSKSperberK1992Isolation and characterization of a macrophage-derived high molecular weight protein involved in the regulation of mucus-like glycoconjugate secretionJ Allergy Clin Immunol896967021545090
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GranjeanEMBerthetPHRuffmannR2000Cost-effectiveness analysis of oral NAC as preventive treatment in chronic bronchitisPharmacol Res42395010860633
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GrinbergLFibachEAmerJ2005N-acetylcysteine amide, a novel cell-permeating thiol, restores cellular glutathione and protects human red blood cells from oxidative stressFree Radic Biol Med381364515589382
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GudmundssonGGislasonTJansonC2005Risk factors for re-hospitalisation in COPD: role of health status, anxiety and depressionEur Respir J264141916135721
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HajiroTNishimuraKTsukinoM1999A comparison of the level of dyspnea vs disease severity in indicating the health-related quality of life of patients with COPDChest1161632710593787
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HansenNCSkriverABrorsen-RiisL1994Orally administered N-acetylcysteine may improve general well-being in patients with mild chronic bronchitisRespir Med8853157972979
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HoggPJ2004Pathophysiology of airflow limitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseLancet3647092115325838
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HoppeGChaiYCSearsJ2003Endogenous oxidoreductase expression is induced by aminoglycosidesArch Biochem Biophys414192312745250
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HutterDGreeneJJ2000Influence of the cellular redox state on NF-kappaB-regulated gene expressionJ Cell Physiol183455210699965
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HuynhHQCouperRTTranCD2004N-acetylcysteine, a novel treatment for Helicobacter pylori infectionDig Dis Sci4918536115628716
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JacksonIMBarnesJCookseyP1984Efficacy and tolerability of oral acetylcysteine (Fabrol) in chronic bronchitis: a double-blind placebo controlled studyJ Int Med Res121982066376210
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JefferyPKLiD1997Airway mucosa: secretory cells, mucus and mucin genesEur Respir J101655629230262
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JonesPWBaveystockCMLittlejohnsP1989Relationships between general health measured with the sickness impact profile and respiratory symptoms, physiological measures, and mood in patients with chronic airflow limitationAm Rev Respir Dis1401538432604285
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KasielskiMNowakD2001Long-term administration of N-acetylcysteine decreases hydrogen peroxide exhalation in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseRespir Med954485611421501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KellyGS1998Clinical applications of N-acetylcysteineAltern Med Rev3114279577247
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KimSNadelJA2004Role of neutrophils in mucus hypersecretion in COPD and implications for therapyTreat Respir Med31475915219174
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KingMRubinBK2002Pharmacological approaches to discovery and development of new mucolytic agentsAdv Drug Deliv Rev5414759012458156
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KoechlinCCouillardACristolJP2004Does systemic inflammation trigger local exercise-induced oxidative stress in COPD?Eur Respir J235384415083751
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KooMWOgleCWChoCH1986Effects of verapamil, carbenoxolone and N-acetylcysteine on gastric wall mucus and ulceration in stressed ratsPharmacology32326343725888
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LappasMPermezelMRiceGE2003N-acetylcysteine inhibits phospholipid metabolism, proinflammatory cytokine release, protease activity and nuclear factor-κB deoxyribonucleic acid-binding activity in human fetal membranes in vitroJ Clin Enocrinol Metab8817239
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LivingstoneCRAndrewsMAJenkinsSM1990Model systems for the evaluation of mucolytic drugs: acetylcysteine and S-carboxymethylcysteineJ Pharm Pharmacol427381972405
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LundgrenJDShelhamerJH1990Pathogenesis of airway mucus hyper-secretionJ Allergy Clin Immunol853994172406321
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacNeeW2000Oxidants/antioxidants and COPDChest117303 S17S10669665
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MatthewsJRWakasugiNVirelizierJL1992Thioredoxin regulates the DNA binding activity of NF-kappa B by reduction of a disulphide bond involving cysteine 62Nucleic Acids Res203821301508666
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MatuszczakYFaridMJonesJ2005Effects of N-acetylcysteine on glutathione oxidation and fatigue during handgrip exerciseMuscle Nerve32633816025522
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MaziakWLoukidesSCulpittS1998Exhaled nitric oxide in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseAm J Respir Crit Care Med15799810029517624
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MedvedIBrownMJBjorkstenAR2004NAC enhances muscle cysteine and glutathione availability and attenuates fatigue during prolonged exercise in endurance-trained individualsJ Appl Physiol9714778515194675
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MedvedIBrownMJBjorkstenAR2003N-acetylcysteine infusion alters blood redox status but not time to fatigue during intense exercise in humansJ Appl Physiol9415728212496140
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NakamuraHYoshimuraKMcElvaneyNG1996Netrophil elastase in respiratory epithelial lining fluid of individuals with cystic fibrosis induces IL-8 gene expression in a human bronchilal epithelial cellsJ Clin Invest891478841569186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NiedermanMSMcCombsJSUngerAN1999Treatment cost of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitisClin Ther215769110321424
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NogueraABusquetsXSauledaJ1998Expression of adhesion molecules and G proteins in circulating neutrophils in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseAm J Respir Crit Care Med158166489817722
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OostenbrinkJBRutten-van MolkenMP2004Resource use and risk factors in high-cost exacerbations of COPDRespir Med988839115338802
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ParrGDHuitsonA1987Oral Fabrol (oral N-acetyl-cysteine) in chronic bronchitisBr J Dis Chest8134183329530
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• PatelISSeemungalTAWilksM2002Relationship between bacterial colonisation and the frequency, character, and severity of COPD exacerbationsThorax577596412200518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PauwelsRABuistASCalverlyPMA2001Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NHLBI/WHO Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) workshop summaryAm J Respir Crit Care Med16312567611316667
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• PelaRCalcagniAMSubiacoS1999N-acetylcysteine reduces the exacerbation rate in patients with moderate to severe COPDRespiration6649550010575333
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PeltoniemiMKaarteenaho-WiikRSailyM2004Expression of glutaredoxin is highly cell specific in human lung and is decreased by transforming growth factor-beta in vitro and in interstitial lung diseases in vivoHum Pathol351000715297967
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PoolePJBlackPN2003Preventing exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and COPD: therapeutic potential of mucolytic agentsAm J Respir Med23677014719989
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• PrescottLFDonovanJWJarvieDR1989The disposition and kinetics of intravenous N-acetylcysteine in patients with paracetamol overdosageEur J Clin Pharmacol3750162598989
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RahmanIMorrisonDDonaldsonK1996Systemic oxidative stress in asthma, COPD, and smokersAm J Respir Crit Care Med1541055608887607
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RasmussenJBGlennowC1988Reduction in days of illness after long-term treatment with N-acetylcysteine controlled-release tablets in patients with chronic bronchitisEur Respir J135153294038
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ReidMStokicDSKochSM1994NAC inhibits muscle fatigue in humansJ Clin Invest942468747989604
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RobinsonNPKyleHWebberSE1989Electrolyte and other chemical concentrations in tracheal airway surface liquid and mucusJ Appl Physiol662129352745281
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SadowskaAMManuelYKDe BackerWA2007Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory efficacy of NAC in the treatment of COPD: Discordant in vitro and in vivo dose-effects: A reviewPulm Pharmacol Ther2092216458553
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SadowskaAMManuelYKVertongenT2006Effect of N-acetylcysteine on neutrophil activation markers in healthy volunteers: In vivo and in vitro studyPharmacol Res532162516384711
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SadowskaAMvan OverveldFJGoreckaD2005The interrelationship between markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: modulation by inhaled steroids and antioxidantRespir Med991419
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SeemungalTADonaldsonGCPaulEA1998Effect of exacerbation on quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseAm J Respir Crit Care Med1571418229603117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SenCKRankinenTVaisanenS1994Oxidative stress after human exercise: effect of N-acetylcysteine supplementationJ Appl Physiol76257077928885
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SiafakasNMVermeirePPrideNB1995Optimal assessment and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The European Respiratory Society Task ForceEur Respir J813984207489808
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SniderGLLuceyECChristensenTG1984Emphysema and bronchial secretory cell metaplasia induced in hamsters by human neutrophil productsAm Rev Respir Dis129155606561016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SongJJRheeJGSuntharalingamM2002Role of glutaredoxin in metabolic oxidative stress. Glutaredoxin as a sensor of oxidative stress mediated by H2O2J Biol Chem277465667512244106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StahlELindbergAJanssonSA2005Health-related quality of life is related to COPD disease severityHealth Qual Life Outcomes35616153294
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• StanescuDSannaAVeriterC1996Airways obstruction, chronic expectoration, and rapid decline of FEV1 in smokers are associated with increased levels of sputum neutrophilsThorax51267718779129
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SteyCSteurerJBachmannS2000The effect of oral NACin chronic bronchitis: a quantitative systematic reviewEur Respir J162536210968500
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SzkudlarekUZdziechowskiAWitkowskiK2004Effect of inhaled N-acetylcysteine on hydrogen peroxide exhalation in healthy subjectsPulm Pharmacol Ther171556215123225
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TakeyamaKDabbaghKLeeHM1999Epidermal growth factor system regulates mucin production in airwaysProc Natl Acad Sci U S A963081610077640
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TattersallABBridgmanKMHuitsonA1984Irish general practice study of acetylcysteine (Fabrol) in chronic bronchitisJ Int Med Res12961016373444
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TenenbeinM1984Hypersensitivity-like reactions to N-acetylcysteineVet Hum Toxicol26Suppl 2356523726
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• TsikasDSandmannJIkicM1998Analysis of cysteine and N-acetylcysteine in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography at the basal state and after oral administration of N-acetyl-cysteineJ Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl70855609653946
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UrbanTAkerlundBJarstrandC1997Neutrophil function and glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-px) activity in healthy individuals after treatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteineBiomed Pharmacother51388909452788
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van AntwerpenPBoudjeltiaKZBavarS2005Thiol containing molecules interact with MPO/H2O2/chloride system to inhibit LDL oxidationBiochem Biophys Res Commun33782816171780
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van OverveldFJDemkowUGoreckaD2005New developments in the treatment of COPD: comparing the effects of inhaled corticosteroids and N-acetylcysteineJ Physiol Pharmacol56Suppl 41354216204787
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van OverveldFJVermeirePADe BackerWA2000Induced sputum of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) contains adhesion-promoting, therapy-sensitive factorsInflamm Res4981310778915
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VentrescaGPCicchettiFerrariBragaPC1989Drugs in bronchial mucologyNew YorkRaven Pr77102
   Google Scholar
• VerrillDBartonCBeasleyW2005The effects of short-term and long-term pulmonary rehabilitation on functional capacity, perceived dyspnea, and quality of lifeChest1286738316100153
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VestboJPrescottELangeP1996Association of chronic mucus hypersecretion with FEV1 decline and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease morbidity. Copenhagen City Heart Study GroupAm J Respir Crit Care Med153153058630597
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WedzichaJADonaldsonGC2003Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseRespir Care4812041314651761
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WilkinsonTMPatelISWilksM2003Airway bacterial load and FEV1 decline in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseAm J Respir Crit Care Med1671090512684248
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WolkoveNDajczmanEColaconeA1989The relationship between pulmonary function and dyspnea in obstructive lung diseaseChest961247512582829
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WuytsWAVanaudenaerdeBMDupontLJ2003Involvement of p38 MAPK, JNK, p42/p44 ERK and NF-kappaB in IL-1beta-induced chemokine release in human airway smooth muscle cellsRespir Med978111712854631
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZafarullahMLiWQSylvesterJ2003Molecular mechanisms of N-acetylcysteine actionsCell Mol Life Sci20036062012613655
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZuWallackRLHaggertyMCJonesPClinically meaningful outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseAm J Med117Suppl 12A49S59S15693643
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar