References
- Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD)Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Available at http://www.goldcopd.com/Guidelineitem.asp?I1=2&12=1&intId=989Accessed March, 2009
- RabeKFHurdSAnzuetoAGlobal strategy for the diagnosis, management and prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: GOLD executive summaryAm J Respir Crit Care Med200717653255517507545
- American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society Task ForceStandards for the diagnosis and management of patients with COPD Version 1.2. Available at http://www.thoracic.org/go/copdAccessed March 2009
- O’DonnellDEAaronSBourbeauJCanadian thoracic society recommendations for management of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseCan Resp J20031011A65A
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary DiseaseNational clinical guideline on management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults in primary and secondary careThorax2004591232
- US Food and Drug AdministrationEarly communication about an ongoing safety review of tiotropium (marketed as Spiriva Handihaler) Available at http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/early_comm/tiotropium.htmAccessed August 5, 2008
- SinghSLokeYKFurbergCDInhaled anticholinergics and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A systematic review and meta-analysisJAMA20083001439145018812535
- ObaYZazaTThameemDMSafety, tolerability, and risk benefit analysis of tiotropium in COPDInt J COPD20083575584
- AnthonisenMNRConnettJEEnrightPFHospitalization and mortality in the Lung Health StudyAm J Respir Crit Care Med200216633333912153966
- WedzichaJACalverleyPMSeemungalTAfor the INSPIRE InvestigatorsThe prevention of COPD exacerbations by salmeterol/fluticasone propionate or tiotropium bromideAm J Respir Crit Care Med2008177192617916806
- LeeTAPickardASAuDHBartleBWeissKRisk for death associated with medications for recently diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseAnn Int Med200814938038918794557
- MacieCWooldrageKManfredaJAnthonisenNCardiovascular morbidity and the use of inhaled bronchodilatorsInt J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis20083116316918488440
- GuiteHFDundosRBurneyPGIRisk factors for death from asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cardiovascular disease after a hospital admission for asthmaThorax19995430130710092690
- RingbackTViskumKIs there any association between inhaled ipratropium and mortality in patients with COPD and asthma?Respir Med20039726427212645834
- KestenSJaraMWentworthCLanesSPooled clinical trial analysis of tiotropium safetyChest20061301695170317166984
- TashkinDPCelliBSennSDBA 4-year trial of tiotropium in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary DiseaseN Engl J Med20083591543155418836213
- SalpeterSRBuckleyNSSalpeterEEMeta-analysis: anticholinergics, but not beta-agonists, reduce severe exacerbations and respiratory mortality in COPDJ Gen Int Med20062110111019
- RodrigoGJNanniniLJTiotropium for the treatment of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review with meta-analysisPulm Pharmacol Ther20072049550216621638
- de LuiseCLanesSFJacobsenJPetersenLSorensenHTCardiovascular and respiratory hospitalizations and mortality among users of tiotropium in DenmarkEur J Epidem200722267272
- SinDDTuJVLack of association between ipratropium bromide and mortality in elderly patients with chronic obstructive airway diseaseThorax20005519419710679537
- JaraMLanesSFWentworthCIIIMayCKestenSInhaled bronchodilators. A cohort study using the UK THIN primary care databaseDrug Saf2007301151116018035867
- KestenSPlautzMPiquetteCAHabibMPNiewoehnerDEPremature discontinuation of patients: a potential bias in COPD clinical trialsEur Respir J20073089890617690120
- HigginsJPSpiegelhalterDJBeing sceptical about meta-analysis: A Bayesian perspective on magnesium trials in myocardial infarctionInt J Epidemiol2002319610411914302
- DensJDesmetWPiessensJAn updated meta-analysis of calcium channel blockers in the prevention of restenosis after coronary angioplastyAm Heart J200314540440812660661
- CalverleyPMAAndersonJACelliBSalmeterol and fluticasone propionate and survival in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseN Engl J Med200735677578917314337