Effects of antihypertensive drugs on carotid intima-media thickness: Focus on angiotensin II receptor blockers. A review of randomized, controlled trials

References

• CrouseJRTooleJFMcKinneyWMRisk factors for extracranial carotid artery atherosclerosisStroke1987189909963686596
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FolsonAEckfeldtJWeitzmanSfor the ARIC Investigators. Relation of carotid artery wall thickness to diabetes mellitus, fasting glucose and insulin, body size and physical activityStroke19942566738266385
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZanchettiAHennigHBaurechtHPrevalence and incidence of the metabolic syndrome in the European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis (ELSA) and its relation with intima-media thicknessJ Hypertens2007252463247017984668
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CuspidiCManciaGAmbrosioniEPessinaATrimarcoBZanchettiALeft ventricular and carotid structure in untreated, uncomplicated essential hypertension: results from the Assessment Prognostic Risk Observational Survey (APROS)J Hum Hypertens20041889189615284833
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BotsMLVan SwietenJCBretelerMMCerebral white matter lesions and atherosclerosis in the Rotterdam StudyLancet199334112311237
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DavisPHDawsonJDMahoneyLTLauerRMIncreased carotid intimal-medial thickness and coronary calcification are related in young and middle-aged adults. The Muscatine studyCirculation199910083884210458720
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CuspidiCValerioCNegriFPrevalence and correlates of multiple organ damage in referred treated hypertensives: data from the ETODH StudyJ Hum Hypertens20082280180318528408
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BurkeGLEvansGWRileyWAfor the ARIC Study GroupArterial wall thickness is associated with prevalent cardiovascular diseases in middle-aged adults. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) studyStroke1995263863917886711
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZanchettiACrepaldiGBondMGSystolic and pulse blood pressure (but not diastolic blood pressure and serum cholesterol) are associated with alterations in carotid intima-media thickness in the moderately hypercholesterolaemic hypertensive patients of the Plaque Hypertension Lipid Lowering Italian Study. PHYLLIS Study GroupJ Hypertens200119798811204308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ToubolPJLabreucheJVicautEAmarencoPon behalf of the GENIC InvestigatorsCarotid intima-media thickness, plaques, and Framingham risk score as independent determinants of stroke riskStroke19993084185010187889
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SimonAGariepyJMegnienJLLevensonJIntima-media thickness : a new tool for diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular riskJ Hypertens20022015916911821696
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HodisHNMackWJLaBreeLThe role of carotid arterial intima-media thickness in predicting clinical coronary eventsAnn Intern Med19981282622699471928
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ManciaGDe BackerGDominiczakA2007 Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension. The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)J Hypertens2007251105118717563527
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WhitworthJAWorld Health OrganizationInternational Society of Hypertension Writing Group. 2003 World Health Organization (WHO)/International Society of Hypertension (ISH) statement on management of hypertensionJ Hypertens2003211983199214597836
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UbelsFLTerpstraWFSmitAJCarotid intima-media: influence of drug treatment and clinical implicationsNeth J Med19995518819510555436
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MercuriMDeviKQuantitative ultrasonographic evaluation of the carotid arteries in hypertensionJ Cardiovasc Risk1995227337606636
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• PignoliPTremoliEPoliAPaolettiRIntimal plus medial thickness of arterial wall: a direct measurement with ultrasound imagingCirculation198674139914083536154
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PoliATremoliEColomboAPignoliPPaolettiRUltrasographic measurement of common carotid artery wall thickness in hypercholesterolemic patients. A new model for the quantitation and follow-up of preclinical atherosclerosis in living human subjectsAtherosclerosis198872532613284536
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LuisianiLVisonàAPagnanANon-invasive study of arterial hypertension and carotid atherosclerosisStroke1990214104142309266
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonithon-KoppCScarabinPYTaquetAToubolPJMalmejacAGuizeLRisk factors for early carotid atherosclerosis in middle-aged French womenArterioscler Thromb1991119669722065047
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FerrieresJEliasARuidavetsJBCarotid intima-media thickness and coronary artery disease in a low-risk populationJ Hypertens19991774374810459870
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZanchettiABondMGHennigMRisk factors associated with alterations in carotid intima-media thickness in hypertension: baseline data from the European Lacidipine Study on AtherosclerosisJ Hypertens1998169499619794735
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChamblessLEHeissGFolsonARAssociation of coronary heart disease incidence with carotid arterial wall thickness and major risk factors: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, 1987–1993Am J Epidemiol19971464834949290509
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HollanderMBotsMLDel SolAICarotid plaque increases the risk of stroke and subgroups of cerebral infarction in asymptomatic elderly: the Rotterdam StudyCirculation20021052872287712070116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’LearyDHPolakJFKronmalRAManolioTABurkeGLWolfsonSKCarotid-artery intima and media thickness as a risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke in older adultsN Eng J Med19993401422
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZanchettiABondGMHennigMCalcium antagonist lacidipine slows down progression of asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis. Principal results of the European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis (ELSA), a randomized, double-blind, long-term trialCirculation20021062422242712417537
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LorenzMWvon KeglerSSteinmetzHMarkusHSSitzerMCarotid intima-media thickening indicates a higher vascular risk across a wide age range. Prospective data from the Carotid Atherosclerosis Progression Study (CAPS)Stroke20637879216339465
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McMahonSSharpeNGambleGfor the PART-2 Collaborative Research Group. Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ramipril in patients with coronary or other occlusive arterial diseaseJ Am Coll Cardiol20003643844310933355
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PittBByingtonRPFurbergCDfor the PREVENT InvestigatorsEffects of amlodipine on the progression of atherosclerosis and the occurrence of clinical eventsCirculation20001021503151011004140
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LonnEMYusufSDzavikVfor the SECURE InvestigatorsEffects of ramipril and vitamin E on atherosclerosis. The Study to Evaluate Carotid Ultrasound changes in patients treated with Ramipril and vitamin E (SECURE)Circulation200110391992511181464
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AsselbergsFWvan RoonARHillegeHLEffects of fosinopril and pravastatin on carotid intima-media in subjects with increased albuminuriaStroke20053664965315692120
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HedbladBWiikstrundJJanzonLWedelHBerglundGLow-dose metoprolol CR/XL and fluvastatin slow progression of carotid intima-media thickness main results from the beta-blocker cholesterol-lowering asymptomatic plaque study (BCAPS)Circulation20011031721172611282901
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WangJGStaessenJALiYCarotid intima-media thickness and antihypertensive treatment. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsStroke2006371933194016763185
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BorhaniNOMercuriMBorhaniNOFinal outcome results of the Multicenter Isradipine Diuretic Atherosclerosis Study (MIDAS)JAMA19962767857918769587
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZanchettiAAgabiti-RoseiEDal PalùCLeonettiGMagnaniBPessinaAfor the Verapamil in Hypertension and Atherosclerosis Study (VHAS) InvestigatorsThe Verapamil in hypertension and Atherosclerosis Study (VHAS): results of long-term randomized treatment with either verapamil or chlorthalidone on carotid intima-media thicknessJ Hypertens199816166716769856368
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SimonAGariepyJMoyseDLevensonJDifferential effects of nifedipine and co-amilozide on the progression of early carotid wall changesCirculation20011032949295411413085
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZanchettiACrepaldiGBondGMDifferent effects of antihypertensive regimens based on fosinopril or hydrochlorothiazide with or without lipid lowering by pravastatin on progression of asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis. Principal results of PHYLLIS- A randomized double blind trialStroke2004352807281215514192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FerrarioCMUse of angiotensin II receptor blockers in animal models of atherosclerosisAm J Hypertens2002159S13S11824874
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BrennerBMCooperMEde ZeeuwDEffects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathyN Engl J Med200134586186911565518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LudwigMStapffMRibeiroACombination of the effects of losartan and atenolol on common carotid intima-media thickness in patients with hypertension: results of a 2-year, double blind, randomized, controlled studyClin Ther2002241175119312182261
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MortsellDMalmqvistKHeldCKahanTIrbesartan reduces common carotid artery intima-media thickness in hypertensive patients when compared to atenolol: the Swedish Irbesartan Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Investigations versus Atenolol (SILVHIA) studyJ Intern Med20072647247917444886
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AriffBZambaniniAVamadevaSCandesartan- and atenolol-based treatments induce different patterns of carotid artery and left ventricular remodeling in hypertensionStroke2006372381238416888272
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IchiharaAKaneshiroYTakemitsuTSakodaMEffects of amlodipine and valsartan on vascular damage and ambulatory blood pressure in untreated hypertensive patientsJ Hum Hypertens20062078779416810279
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StumpeKAgabiti-RoseiEZielinskiTCarotid intima-media thickness and plaque volume changes following 2-year angiotensin II blockade. The Multicentre Olmesartan atherosclerosis Regression Evaluation (MORE) studyTher Adv Cardiovasc Dis200719710619124398
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• OnoHMinatoguchiSWatanabeKCandesartan decreases carotid intima-media thickness by enhancing nitric oxide and decreasing oxidative stress in patients with hypertensionHypertens Res20083127127918360047
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SomaMRDonettiESeregniREffect of lacidipine on fatty and proliferative lesions induced in hypercholesterolaemic rabbitsBr J Pharmacol19961182152188735617
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CristoforiPLanzoniAQuartaroliMThe calcium-channel blocker lacidipine reduces the development of atherosclerotic lesions in the apoE-deficient mouseJ Hypertens2000181429143611057430
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TaddeiSVirdisAGhiadoniLEffect of calcium antagonist or beta-blockade treatment on nitric oxide-dependent vasodilatation and oxidate stress in essential hypertensve patientsJ Hypertens2001191379138611518845
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar