The amyloid beta ion channel hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease

References

• Alzheimer’s Association2007Alzheimer’s Facts and Figures.” [online]Accessed on March 1st, 2007 URL: http://www.alz.org/alzheimers_disease_alzheimer_statistics.asp
   Google Scholar
• AisenPS2005The development of anti-amyloid therapy for Alzheimer’s disease: from secretase modulators to polymerisation inhibitorsCNS Drugs19129899616332141
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AkitaTKubaK2000Functional triads consisting of ryanodine receptors, Ca(2+) channels, and Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels in bullfrog sympathetic neurons. Plastic modulation of action potentialJ Gen Physiol116569772011055998
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ArispeN2004Architecture of the Alzheimer’s A beta P ion channel poreJ Membr Biol1971334815014916
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ArispeNPollardHB1993Giant multilevel cation channels formed by Alzheimer disease amyloid beta-protein [A beta P-(1–40)] in bilayer membranesProc Natl Acad Sci U S A90221057377504270
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ArispeNPollardHB1996Zn2+ interaction with Alzheimer amyloid beta protein calcium channelsProc Natl Acad Sci U S A934171058643694
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ArrasateMMitraS2004Inclusion body formation reduces levels of mutant huntingtin and the risk of neuronal deathNature43170108051015483602
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ArundineMTymianskiM2004Molecular mechanisms of glutamate-dependent neurodegeneration in ischemia and traumatic brain injuryCell Mol Life Sci6166576815052409
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AtwoodCSMartinsRN2002Senile plaque composition and posttranslational modification of amyloid-beta peptide and associated proteinsPeptides23713435012128091
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BahadiRFarrellyPV2003Cu2+-induced modification of the kinetics of A beta(1–42) channelsAm J Physiol Cell Physiol2854C8738012814914
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BehlCDavisJB1994Amyloid beta peptide induces necrosis rather than apoptosisBrain Res6451–2253648062088
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BezanillaF2000The voltage sensor in voltage-dependent ion channelsPhysiol Rev8025559210747201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BhatiaRLinH2000Fresh and globular amyloid beta protein (1–42) induces rapid cellular degeneration: evidence for AbetaP channel-mediated cellular toxicityFaseb J14912334310834945
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BlessedGTomlinsonBE1968The association between quantitative measures of dementia and of senile change in the cerebral grey matter of elderly subjectsBr J Psychiatry1145127978115662937
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BuchholzJ NBehringerEJ2007Age-dependent changes in Ca2+ homeostasis in peripheral neurones: implications for changes in functionAging Cell632859617517039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BurnashevNRozovA2005Presynaptic Ca2+ dynamics, Ca2+ buffers and synaptic efficacyCell Calcium3754899515820398
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CatterallWA1998Structure and function of neuronal Ca2+ channels and their role in neurotransmitter releaseCell Calcium245-63072310091001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CaugheyBLansburyPT2003Protofibrils, pores, fibrils, and neurodegeneration: separating the responsible protein aggregates from the innocent bystandersAnnu Rev Neurosci262679812704221
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CookDGFormanMS1997Alzheimer’s A beta(1–42) is generated in the endoplasmic reticulum/intermediate compartment of NT2N cellsNat Med39102139288730
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CopaniASortinoMA2002Erratic expression of DNA polymerases by beta-amyloid causes neuronal deathFaseb J16142006812397084
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CruzJCTsaiLH2004Cdk5 deregulation in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s diseaseTrends Mol Med109452815350898
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De FerrariGVChaconMA2003Activation of Wnt signaling rescues neurodegeneration and behavioral impairments induced by beta-amyloid fibrilsMol Psychiatry8219520812610652
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeneckerGVercammenD2001Death receptor-induced apoptotic and necrotic cell death: differential role of caspases and mitochondriaCell Death Differ888294011526436
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DicksonDW1997The pathogenesis of senile plaquesJ Neuropathol Exp Neurol564321399100663
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DurellSRGuyHR1994Theoretical models of the ion channel structure of amyloid beta-proteinBiophys J6762137457535109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EckertASchindowskiK2001Alzheimer’s disease-like alterations in peripheral cells from presenilin-1 transgenic miceNeurobiol Dis823314211300728
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EguchiYShimizuS1997Intracellular ATP levels determine cell death fate by apoptosis or necrosisCancer Res57101835409157970
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EhrlichBEKaftanE1994The pharmacology of intracellular Ca(2+)-release channelsTrends Pharmacol Sci15514597754532
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EliezerD2006Amyloid ion channels: a porous argument or a thin excuse?J Gen Physiol1286631317130516
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FastbomJForsellY1998Benzodiazepines may have protective effects against Alzheimer diseaseAlzheimer Dis Assoc Disord1211479539405
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez-VizarraPFernandezAP2004Intra- and extracellular Abeta and PHF in clinically evaluated cases of Alzheimer’s diseaseHistol Histopathol1938234415168346
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FraserS PSuhYH1997Ionic effects of the Alzheimer’s disease beta-amyloid precursor protein and its metabolic fragmentsTrends Neurosci20267729023874
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flurizan2005Mar. Molecule of the month. MPC-7869Drugs News Perspect182141
   Google Scholar
• FuruichiTMikoshibaK1995Inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptor-mediated Ca2+ signaling in the brainJ Neurochem643953607861177
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GeverJRCockayneDA2006Pharmacology of P2X channelsPflugers Arch45255133716649055
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GitterBDCDLiWDieckmanDKBenderMHNissenJSMabryTEYinTBoggsLNMcClureDBLittleSPJohnstoneEMAudiaJEMayPCHyslopPA2004Stereoselective Inhibition of Amyloid Beta Peptide Secretion by LY450139, A Novel Functional Gamma Secretase InhibitorNeurobiol Aging25Suppl 2S571
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GlennerGGWongCW1984Alzheimer’s disease: initial report of the purification and characterization of a novel cerebrovascular amyloid proteinBiochem Biophys Res Commun1203885906375662
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GoldeTEEckmanCB2000Biochemical detection of Abeta isoforms: implications for pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of Alzheimer’s diseaseBiochim Biophys Acta150211728710899442
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GorevicPDGoniF1986Isolation and partial characterization of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaque core in Alzheimer’s disease: immunohistological studiesJ Neuropathol Exp Neurol456647643772397
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GotzJStrefferJR2004Transgenic animal models of Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders: histopathology, behavior and therapyMol Psychiatry976648315052274
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GourasGKTsaiJ2000Intraneuronal Abeta42 accumulation in human brainAm J Pathol1561152010623648
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GravinaSAHoL1995Amyloid beta protein (A beta) in Alzheimer’s disease brain. Biochemical and immunocytochemical analysis with antibodies specific for forms ending at A beta 40 or A beta 42(43)J Biol Chem27013701367706234
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GreenfieldJPTsaiJ1999Endoplasmic reticulum and trans-Golgi network generate distinct populations of Alzheimer beta-amyloid peptidesProc Natl Acad Sci U S A96274279892704
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GrynspanFGriffinWB1997Calpains and calpastatin in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells during retinoic acid-induced differentiation and neurite outgrowth: comparison with the human brain calpain systemJ Neurosci Res483181919160241
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GuoQFuW1999Increased vulnerability of hippocampal neurons to excitotoxic necrosis in presenilin-1 mutant knock-in miceNat Med5110169883847
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HaassCKooEH1992Targeting of cell-surface beta-amyloid precursor protein to lysosomes: alternative processing into amyloid-bearing fragmentsNature357637850031608449
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HaassCSchlossmacherMG1992Amyloid beta-peptide is produced by cultured cells during normal metabolismNature359639332251383826
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HamillOPMartyA1981Improved patch-clamp techniques for high-resolution current recording from cells and cell-free membrane patchesPflugers Arch3912851006270629
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HardyJAHigginsGA1992Alzheimer’s disease: the amyloid cascade hypothesisScience256505418451566067
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HarperSJBilslandJG1998Mouse cortical neurones lacking APP show normal neurite outgrowth and survival responses in vitroNeuroreport913305389804315
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HartmannJKonnerthA2005Determinants of postsynaptic Ca2+ signaling in Purkinje neuronsCell Calcium3754596615820394
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HartmannTBiegerSC1997Distinct sites of intracellular production for Alzheimer’s disease A beta40/42 amyloid peptidesNat Med391016209288729
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HeXCooleyK2007Apolipoprotein receptor 2 and X11 alpha/beta mediate apolipoprotein E-induced endocytosis of amyloid-beta precursor protein and beta-secretase, leading to amyloid-beta productionJ Neurosci271540526017428983
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HirakuraYLinMC1999Alzheimer amyloid abeta1–42 channels: effects of solvent, pH, and Congo RedJ Neurosci Res5744586610440895
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HofmannFBielM1994Molecular basis for Ca2+ channel diversityAnnu Rev Neurosci173994188210181
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HollmannMHeinemannS1994Cloned glutamate receptorsAnnu Rev Neurosci17311088210177
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HuangHMOuHC2000Antioxidants prevent amyloid peptide-induced apoptosis and alteration of calcium homeostasis in cultured cortical neuronsLife Sci661918799210809185
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HuangHMOuHC2000Blockage of amyloid beta peptide-induced cytosolic free calcium by fullerenol-1, carboxylate C60 in PC12 cellsLife Sci661615253310794500
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IwatsuboTOdakaA1994Visualization of A beta 42(43) and A beta 40 in senile plaques with end-specific A beta monoclonals: evidence that an initially deposited species is A beta 42(43)Neuron13145538043280
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JarrettJTBergerEP1993The C-terminus of the beta protein is critical in amyloidogenesisAnn N Y Acad Sci69514488239273
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JarrettJTBergerEP1993The carboxy terminus of the beta amyloid protein is critical for the seeding of amyloid formation: implications for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s diseaseBiochemistry3218469378490014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JoDGLeeJY2004Induction of pro-apoptotic calsenilin/DREAM/KChIP3 in Alzheimer’s disease and cultured neurons after amyloid-beta exposureJ Neurochem8836041114720210
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JonasEAKnoxRJ1997Giga-ohm seals on intracellular membranes: a technique for studying intracellular ion channels in intact cellsNeuron1917139247259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KamenetzFTomitaT2003APP processing and synaptic functionNeuron3769253712670422
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KatzmanRSaitohT1991Advances in Alzheimer’s diseaseFaseb J53278862001787
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KawaharaMArispeN1997Alzheimer’s disease amyloid beta-protein forms Zn(2+)-sensitive, cation-selective channels across excised membrane patches from hypothalamic neuronsBiophys J73167759199772
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KellerBUHedrichR1992Patch clamp techniques to study ion channels from organellesMethods Enzymol207673811382206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KleinWLStineWBJr2004Small assemblies of unmodified amyloid beta-protein are the proximate neurotoxin in Alzheimer’s diseaseNeurobiol Aging2555698015172732
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KohJYYangLL1990Beta-amyloid protein increases the vulnerability of cultured cortical neurons to excitotoxic damageBrain Res5332315202289145
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KooEHSquazzoSL1994Evidence that production and release of amyloid beta-protein involves the endocytic pathwayJ Biol Chem269261738698021238
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KowallNWBealMF1991An in vivo model for the neurodegenerative effects of beta amyloid and protection by substance PProc Natl Acad Sci U S A88167247511714596
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeistMSingleB1997Intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration: a switch in the decision between apoptosis and necrosisJ Exp Med1858148169126928
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LesneSAliC2005NMDA receptor activation inhibits alpha-secretase and promotes neuronal amyloid-beta productionJ Neurosci254193677716221845
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LevitesYDasP2006Anti-Abeta42- and anti-Abeta40-specific mAbs attenuate amyloid deposition in an Alzheimer disease mouse modelJ Clin Invest116119320116341263
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LinHBhatiaR2001Amyloid beta protein forms ion channels: implications for Alzheimer’s disease pathophysiologyFaseb J151324334411689468
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LinHZhuYJ1999Amyloid beta protein (1–40) forms calcium-permeable, Zn2+-sensitive channel in reconstituted lipid vesiclesBiochemistry3834111899610460176
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LinXKoelschG2000Human aspartic protease memapsin 2 cleaves the beta-secretase site of beta-amyloid precursor proteinProc Natl Acad Sci U S A97414566010677483
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LorenzoAYanknerBA1994Beta-amyloid neurotoxicity requires fibril formation and is inhibited by congo redProc Natl Acad Sci U S A91251224377991613
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MannDMIwatsuboT1996Atypical amyloid (A beta) deposition in the cerebellum in Alzheimer’s disease: an immunohistochemical study using end-specific A beta monoclonal antibodiesActa Neuropathol (Berl)916647538781665
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MattsonMP1998Modification of ion homeostasis by lipid peroxidation: roles in neuronal degeneration and adaptive plasticityTrends Neurosci2125379498297
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MattsonMP2007Calcium and neurodegenerationAging Cell633375017328689
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MattsonMPChengB1992beta-Amyloid peptides destabilize calcium homeostasis and render human cortical neurons vulnerable to excitotoxicityJ Neurosci122376891346802
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MattsonMPTomaselliKJ1993Calcium-destabilizing and neuro-degenerative effects of aggregated beta-amyloid peptide are attenuated by basic FGFBrain Res621135498221072
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MazzantiMDeFeliceLJ1990Ion channels in the nuclear envelopeNature343626076472304551
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McHughPTurinaM2006Apoptosis and necrosis: a review for surgeonsSurg Infect (Larchmt)71536816509786
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MehtaPDPirttilaT2001Amyloid beta protein 1–40 and 1–42 levels in matched cerebrospinal fluid and plasma from patients with Alzheimer diseaseNeurosci Lett3041–2102611335065
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MirandaSOpazoC2000The role of oxidative stress in the toxicity induced by amyloid beta-peptide in Alzheimer’s diseaseProg Neurobiol6266334810880853
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MorganCColombresM2004Structure and function of amyloid in Alzheimer’s diseaseProg Neurobiol7463234915649580
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NeveRLDawesLR1990Genetics and biology of the Alzheimer amyloid precursorProg Brain Res86257672150887
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OakleyHColeSL2006Intraneuronal beta-amyloid aggregates, neurodegeneration, and neuron loss in transgenic mice with five familial Alzheimer’s disease mutations: potential factors in amyloid plaque formationJ Neurosci2640101294017021169
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OddoSCaccamoA2003Triple-transgenic model of Alzheimer’s disease with plaques and tangles: intracellular Abeta and synaptic dysfunctionNeuron3934092112895417
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ParadisEDouillardH1996Amyloid beta peptide of Alzheimer’s disease downregulates Bcl-2 and upregulates bax expression in human neuronsJ Neurosci1623753398922409
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PearsonHAPeersC2006Physiological roles for amyloid beta peptidesJ Physiol575Pt 151016809372
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PikeCJBurdickD1993Neurodegeneration induced by beta-amyloid peptides in vitro: the role of peptide assembly stateJ Neurosci1341676878463843
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PlantLDBoyleJP2003The production of amyloid beta peptide is a critical requirement for the viability of central neuronsJ Neurosci23135531512843253
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PriceSAHeldB1998Amyloid beta protein increases Ca2+ currents in rat cerebellar granule neuronesNeuroreport93539459512403
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RamsdenMHendersonZ2002Modulation of Ca2+ channel currents in primary cultures of rat cortical neurones by amyloid beta protein (1–40) is dependent on solubility statusBrain Res95622546112445693
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ReyesAEChaconMA2004Acetylcholinesterase-Abeta complexes are more toxic than Abeta fibrils in rat hippocampus: effect on rat beta-amyloid aggregation, laminin expression, reactive astrocytosis, and neuronal cell lossAm J Pathol164621637415161650
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RheeSKQuistAP1998Amyloid beta protein-(1–42) forms calcium-permeable, Zn2+-sensitive channelJ Biol Chem2732213379829593665
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RoherAEChaneyMO1996Morphology and toxicity of Abeta-(1–42) dimer derived from neuritic and vascular amyloid deposits of Alzheimer’s diseaseJ Biol Chem271342063158702810
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SavageMJTruskoSP1998Turnover of amyloid beta-protein in mouse brain and acute reduction of its level by phorbol esterJ Neurosci1851743529464999
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchmitzCRuttenBP2004Hippocampal neuron loss exceeds amyloid plaque load in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s diseaseAm J Pathol1644149550215039236
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SelkoeDJ2001Alzheimer’s disease: genes, proteins, and therapyPhysiol Rev8127416611274343
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SelkoeDJ2001Clearing the brain’s amyloid cobwebsNeuron3221778011683988
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SelkoeDJAbrahamCR1986Isolation of low-molecular-weight proteins from amyloid plaque fibers in Alzheimer’s diseaseJ Neurochem4661820343517233
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SeubertPOltersdorfT1993Secretion of beta-amyloid precursor protein cleaved at the amino terminus of the beta-amyloid peptideNature361640926037678698
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SimakovaOArispeNJ2006Early and late cytotoxic effects of external application of the Alzheimer’s Abeta result from the initial formation and function of Abeta ion channelsBiochemistry451859071516669633
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SkovronskyDMDomsRW1998Detection of a novel intraneuronal pool of insoluble amyloid beta protein that accumulates with time in cultureJ Cell Biol1414103199585420
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SokolovYKozakJA2006Soluble amyloid oligomers increase bilayer conductance by altering dielectric structureJ Gen Physiol12866374717101816
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• StalderMPhinneyA1999Association of microglia with amyloid plaques in brains of APP23 transgenic miceAm J Pathol154616738410362792
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SteinbachJPMullerU1998Hypersensitivity to seizures in beta-amyloid precursor protein deficient miceCell Death Differ5108586610203685
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TakahashiRHMilnerTA2002Intraneuronal Alzheimer abeta42 accumulates in multivesicular bodies and is associated with synaptic pathologyAm J Pathol161518697912414533
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TalafousJMarcinowskiKJ1994Solution structure of residues 1–28 of the amyloid beta-peptideBiochemistry33257788967516706
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TamagnoERobinoG2003H2O2 and 4-hydroxynonenal mediate amyloid beta-induced neuronal apoptosis by activating JNKs and p38MAPKExp Neurol18021445512684028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TamaokaASawamuraN1997Amyloid beta protein 42(43) in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer’s diseaseJ Neurol Sci14814159125389
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ThibaultOGantJC2007Expansion of the calcium hypothesis of brain aging and Alzheimer’s disease: minding the storeAging Cell633071717465978
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ToescuECVerkhratskyA2000Parameters of calcium homeostasis in normal neuronal ageingJ Anat, 197 Pt45639
   Google Scholar
• TomlinsonBEBlessedG1968Observations on the brains of non-demented old peopleJ Neurol Sci72331565707082
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TomlinsonBEBlessedG1970Observations on the brains of demented old peopleJ Neurol Sci113205425505685
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TompkinsMMHillWD1997Contribution of somal Lewy bodies to neuronal deathBrain Res7751–22499439824
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TurnerRSSuzukiN1996Amyloids beta40 and beta42 are generated intracellularly in cultured human neurons and their secretion increases with maturationJ Biol Chem271158966708621541
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UrbancBCruzL2002Neurotoxic effects of thioflavin S-positive amyloid deposits in transgenic mice and Alzheimer’s diseaseProc Natl Acad Sci U S A992213990512374847
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VanterpoolCKPearceWJ2005Advancing age alters rapid and spontaneous refilling of caffeine-sensitive calcium stores in sympathetic superior cervical ganglion cellsJ Appl Physiol9939637115845773
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Velez-PardoCArroyaveST2001Ultrastructure evidence of necrotic neural cell death in familial Alzheimer’s disease brains bearing prese-nilin-1 E280A mutationJ Alzheimers Dis3440941512214045
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VerkhratskyAShmigolA1996Calcium-induced calcium release in neuronesCell Calcium1911148653752
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VerkhratskyATECVerkhratskyATEC1998Integrative Aspects of Calcium SignallingLondonPlenium Press428
   Google Scholar
• WalshDMSelkoeDJ2004Oligomers on the brain: the emerging role of soluble protein aggregates in neurodegenerationProtein Pept Lett1132132815182223
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WangRWangB2006Wild-type presenilin 1 protects against Alzheimer disease mutation-induced amyloid pathologyJ Biol Chem2812215330616574645
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WenkGL2003Neuropathologic changes in Alzheimer’s diseaseJ Clin Psychiatry, 64 Suppl9710
   Google Scholar
• WenkGL2006Neuropathologic changes in Alzheimer’s disease: potential targets for treatmentJ Clin Psychiatry67Suppl 337 quiz 2316649845
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WhiteARZhengH1998Survival of cultured neurons from amyloid precursor protein knock-out mice against Alzheimer’s amyloid-beta toxicity and oxidative stressJ Neurosci18166207179698314
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WhitsonJSSelkoeDJ1989Amyloid beta protein enhances the survival of hippocampal neurons in vitroScience24348971488902928783
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wild-BodeCYamazakiT1997Intracellular generation and accumulation of amyloid beta-peptide terminating at amino acid 42J Biol Chem272261608589195901
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WilsonCADomsRW1999Intracellular APP processing and A beta production in Alzheimer diseaseJ Neuropathol Exp Neurol5887879410446803
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WilsonCADomsRW2002Presenilins are not required for A beta 42 production in the early secretory pathwayNat Neurosci598495512145638
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WinbladBPoritisN1999Memantine in severe dementia: results of the 9M-Best Study (Benefit and efficacy in severely demented patients during treatment with memantine)Int J Geriatr Psychiatry1421354610885864
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WirthsOMulthaupG2004A modified beta-amyloid hypothesis: intraneuronal accumulation of the beta-amyloid peptide – the first step of a fatal cascadeJ Neurochem9135132015485483
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WirthsOMulthaupG2002Intraneuronal APP/A beta trafficking and plaque formation in beta-amyloid precursor protein and presenilin-1 transgenic miceBrain Pathol1232758612146796
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WongCWQuarantaV1985Neuritic plaques and cerebrovascular amyloid in Alzheimer disease are antigenically relatedProc Natl Acad Sci U S A82248729322934737
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WuytackFRaeymaekersL2002Molecular physiology of the SERCA and SPCA pumpsCell Calcium325-627930512543090
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• XiaoJPerryG1996alpha-calcium-calmodulin-dependent kinase II is associated with paired helical filaments of Alzheimer’s diseaseJ Neuropathol Exp Neurol559954638800091
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• XuHSweeneyD1997Generation of Alzheimer beta-amyloid protein in the trans-Golgi network in the apparent absence of vesicle formationProc Natl Acad Sci U S A9483748529108049
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YanknerBADuffyLK1990Neurotrophic and neurotoxic effects of amyloid beta protein: reversal by tachykinin neuropeptidesScience2504978279822218531
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YoungJDCohnZA1986The ninth component of complement and the pore-forming protein (perforin 1) from cytotoxic T cells: structural, immunological, and functional similaritiesScience2334760184902425429
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YounkinSG1998The role of A Beta 42 in Alzheimer’s diseaseJ Physiol (Paris)922892929789825
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• YusteRMajewskaA2000From form to function: calcium compartmentalization in dendritic spinesNat Neurosci37653910862697
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZhengHJiangM1995beta-Amyloid precursor protein-deficient mice show reactive gliosis and decreased locomotor activityCell814525317758106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar