Excited delirium: Consideration of selected medical and psychiatric issues

References

• PostRMCocaine psychoses: A continuum modelAm J Psychiatry19751322252311115261
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WetliCVMittlemanREThe “body packer syndrome”–toxicity following ingestion of illicit drugs packaged for transportationJ Forensic Sci1981264925007252465
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WetliCVFishbainDACocaine-induced psychosis and sudden death in recreational cocaine usersJ Forensic Sci1985308738804031813
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric AssociationDiagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders4th edWashington, DCAmerican Psychiatric Association Press2000
   Google Scholar
• FarnhamFRKennedyHGAcute excited states and sudden death: Much journalism, little evidenceBrit Med J1997315110711089374879
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TaylorMAClinical examinationCaroffSNMannSCFrancisAFricchioneGLCatatonia: From Psychopathology to NeurobiologyArlington, VAAmerican Psychiatric Publishing Inc20044552
   Google Scholar
• FinkMDelirious maniaBipolar Disord19991546011256658
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• O’HalloranRLLewmanLVRestraint asphyxiation in excited deliriumAm J Forensic Med Pathol1993142892958116586
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PollanenMSChiassonDACairnsJTYoungJGUnexpected death related to restraint for excited delirium: A retrospective study of deaths in police custody and in the communityCan Med Assoc J19981587160316079645173
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KarchSBStephensBGDrug abusers who die during arrest or in custodyJ Royal Soc Med199992110113
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ParkKSKornCSHendersonSOAgitated delirium and sudden death: Two case reportsPrehosp Emer Care20015214216
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• StrattonSJRogersCBrickettKGruzinskiGFactors associated with sudden death of individuals requiring restraint for excited deliriumAm J Emerg Med20011918719111326341
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaurDExcited delirium and its correlation to sudden and unexpected death proximal to restraint: A review of the current and relevant medical literatureCanadian Police Research Centre [online]2004 [Cited Jul 18, 2007.] Available from: http://www.cprc.org/tr/tr-2005-02_e.pdf
   Google Scholar
• SztajnkrycerMDBaezAACocaine, excited delirium and sudden unexpected death [online]2005 [Cited Mar 2, 2007.] Available from: http://www.emsresponder.com.
   Google Scholar
• BastMRReport to the Minister of Justice and Attorney General: Public fatality inquiry [online]2007 [Cited Feb 25 2008.] Available from: http://www.justice.gov.ab.ca/downloads/documentloader.aspx?id=48177
   Google Scholar
• SathyavagiswaranLRogersCNoguchiTTRestraint asphyxia in in-custody deaths: Medical examiners role in preventionLegal Med20079889317276127
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• RuttenberAJLawler-HeavnerJYinMWetliCVHearnWLMashDCFatal excited delirium following cocaine use: Epidemiologic findings provide new evidence for mechanisms of cocaine toxicityJ Forensic Sci19974225318988571
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RuttenberAJMcAnallyHBWetliCVCocaine-associated rhabdomyolysis and excited delirium: Different stages of the same syndromeAm J Forensic Med Pathol19992012012710414649
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RossDLFactors associated with excited delirium deaths in police custodyMod Pathol199811112711379831212
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BabstockCTaser death inquest begins2222007Times and Transcript [Moncton NB Canada]A1A6
   Google Scholar
• BabstockCTaser death inquest told: Smoke break provided escape chance2232007Times and Transcript [Moncton NB Canada]A1A9
   Google Scholar
• BabstockCPolice describe violent confrontation with Taser victim2272007Times and Transcript [Moncton NB Canada]A1A7
   Google Scholar
• BabstockCCorner’s inquest told: Man’s death likely even without Taser shock312007Times and Transcript [Moncton NB Canada]A1A2
   Google Scholar
• BabstockCCoroner’s inquest concludes: Taser death of Metro man ruled accidental332007Times and Transcript [Moncton NB Canada]A1A10
   Google Scholar
• PaquetteMExcited delirium: Does it exist?Perspect Psychiatr Care200339939414606228
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LawrenceCPoliceOne Exclusive: Excited delirium and its medical status [online]2006 [Cited Aug 16, 2007.] Available from: http://policeone.com/writers/columnists/ChrisLawrence/articles/121675
   Google Scholar
• LawrenceCExcited delirium and its medical status, Part 2: If excited delirium isn’t in the DSM, what is? Canadian Police Research Centre [online]2006 [Cited Aug 16, 2007.] Available from: http://policeone.com/writers/columnists/ChrisLawrence/articles/126389.
   Google Scholar
• RothDAlarconFJFernandezJAPrestonRABourgoignieJJAcute rhabdomyolysis associated with cocaine intoxicationN Engl J Med19883196736773412385
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DarasMKakkourasLTuchmanAJKoppelBSRhabdomyolysis and hyperthermia after cocaine abuse: A variant of the neuroleptic malignant syndrome?Acta Neurol Scand1995921611657484066
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SauretJMMarinidesGWangGKRhabdomyolysisAm Fam Physician20026590791211898964
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WetliCVMashDKarchSBCocaine-associated agitated delirium and neuroleptic malignant syndromeAm J Emerg Med1996144254288768172
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PeloneroALLevensonJLPandurangiAKNeuroleptic malignant syndrome: A reviewPsychiatr Serv199849116311729735957
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AkpaffiongMJRuizPNeuroleptic malignant syndrome: A complication of neuroleptics and cocaine abusePsychiatr Q1991622993091687338
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KhaldarovVBenzodiazepines for treatment of neuroleptic malignant syndromeHosp Phys2000365155
   Google Scholar
• Lopez-CaninoAFrancisADrug-induced catatoniaCaroffSNMannSCFrancisAFricchioneGLCatatonia: From Psychopathology to NeurobiologyArlington, VAAmerican Psychiatric Publishing Inc2004129139
   Google Scholar
• McCarronMMSchulzeBWThompsonGAConderMCGoetzWAAcute phencyclidine intoxication: Clinical patterns, complications, and treatmentAnn Emerg Med1981102902977235337
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CoryellWNorbyLCohenLPsychosis induced by rhabdomyolysisLancet1978808538138279752
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FrankelASPrassadRBRhabdomyolysis, renal failure and schizophreniaPsychiatr J Univ Ott19891412962972654985
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ManchipSMHurelSJRhabdomyolysis due to maniaBr J Psychiatry19951671181197551602
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FinkMRecognising NMS as a type of catatoniaNeuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol199587576
   Google Scholar
• CarrolBTThe universal field hypothesis of catatonia and neuroleptic malignant syndromeCNS Spectr200052633
   Google Scholar
• KochMChandragiriSRizviSPetridesGFrancisACatatonic signs in neuroleptic malignant syndromeCompr Psychiatry200041737510646623
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PetridesGMalurCFinkMConvulsive therapyCaroffSNMannSCFrancisAFricchioneGLCatatonia: From Psychopathology to NeurobiologyArlington, VAAmerican Psychiatric Publishing Inc2004151160
   Google Scholar
• StrömgrenLSECT in acute delirium and related clinical statesConvuls Ther19971310179152583
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• LevinTPetridesGWeinerJSaravaySMultzASBailineSIntractable delirium associated with ziconotide successfully treated with electroconvulsive therapyPsycosomatics2002436366
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FinkMECT in delirious states [editorial]J ECT19991517517710492855
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FerrellRBWilliamsRBRecognizing catatonia in older patients: A five case study [abstract]Rome, ItalyProg Bk Intern Psychogeriatric Ass European and Mediterranean Reg Mtg417–2020024748
   Google Scholar
• BennerAWIssacsSM“Excited delirium”: A two-fold problem [online]Police Chief1996 [Cited Mar 2, 2007.] Available from: http://www.zarc.com/english/other_sprays/reports/excited_delirium.html.
   Google Scholar
• MannSCCaroffSNFricchioneGLCampbellECGreensteinRAMalignant catatoniaCaroffSNMannSCFrancisAFricchioneGLCatatonia: From Psychopathology to NeurobiologyArlington, VAAmerican Psychiatric Publishing Inc2004105119
   Google Scholar
• GrossAFSmithFASternTADread complications of catatonia: A case discussion and review of literaturePrim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry20081015315518458717
   PubMedGoogle Scholar