References
- BurchHBWartofskyLGraves’ ophthalmopathy: current concepts regarding pathogenesis and managementEndocr Rev19931467477938119236
- BahnRSDuttonCMNattNThyrotropin receptor expression in Graves’ orbital adipose/connective tissues: potential autoantigen in Graves’ ophthalmopathyJ Clin Endocrinol Metab199883399810029506762
- WernerSCClassification of the eye changes of Grave’s diseaseJ Clin Endocrinol Metab19692979829845819411
- YamadaMLiAWWallJRThyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: clinical features, pathogenesis, and managementCrit Rev Clin Lab Sci200037652354911192331
- BednarczukTGopinathBPloskiRWallJRSusceptibility genes in Graves’ ophthalmopathy: searching for a needle in a haystack?Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)200767131917521325
- ManjiNCarr-SmithJDBoelaertKInfluences of age, gender, smoking, and family history on autoimmune thyroid disease phenotypeJ Clin Endocrinol Metab200691124873488016968788
- BartalenaLPincheraAMarcocciCManagement of Graves’ ophthalmopathy: reality and perspectivesEndocr Rev200021216819910782363
- PerrosPCrombieALMatthewsJNKendall-TaylorPAge and gender influence the severity of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: a study of 101 patients attending a combined thyroid-eye clinicClin Endocrinol (Oxf)19933843673728319368
- RundleFFWilsonCWDevelopment and course of exophthalmos and ophthalmoplegia in Graves’ disease with special reference to the effect of thyroidectomyClin Sci19455177194
- PfeilschifterJZieglerRSmoking and endocrine ophthalmopathy: impact of smoking severity and current vs lifetime cigarette consumptionClin Endocrinol (Oxf)19964544774818959089
- EcksteinAQuadbeckBMuellerGImpact of smoking on the response to treatment of thyroid associated ophthalmopathyBr J Ophthalmol200387677377612770979
- BartleyGBFatourechiVKadrmasEFClinical features of Graves’ ophthalmopathy in an incidence cohortAm J Ophthalmol199612132842908597271
- MouritsMPKoornneefLWiersingaWMPrummelMFBerghoutAvan der GaagRClinical criteria for the assessment of disease activity in Graves’ ophthalmopathy: a novel approachBr J Ophthalmol19897386396442765444
- SergottRCFelbergNTSavinoPJBlizzardJJSchatzNJGraves’ ophthalmopathy – immunologic parameters related to corticosteroid therapyInvest Ophthalmol Vis Sci1981201731826970185
- GilbardJPFarrisRLOcular surface drying and tear film osmolarity in thyroid eye diseaseActa Ophthalmol (Copenh)19836111081166687972
- DickinsonAJPerrosPControversies in the clinical evaluation of active thyroid-associated orbitopathy: use of a detailed protocol with comparative photographs for objective assessmentClin Endocrinol (Oxf)200155328330311589671
- WiersingaWMPerrosPKahalyGJClinical assessment of patients with Graves’ orbitopathy: the European Group on Graves’ Orbitopathy recommendations to generalists, specialists and clinical researchersEur J Endocrinol2006155338738916914591
- McKeagDLaneCLazarusJHClinical features of dysthyroid optic neuropathy: a European Group on Graves’ Orbitopathy (EUGOGO) surveyBr J Ophthalmol200791445545817035276
- MouritsMPPrummelMFWiersingaWMKoornneefLClinical activity score as a guide in the management of patients with Graves’ ophthalmopathyClin Endocrinol (Oxf)19974719149302365
- BartleyGBEvolution of classification systems for Graves’ ophthalmopathyOphthal Plast Reconstr Surg1995114229237
- TerweeCBGerdingMNDekkerFWPrummelMFWiersingaWMDevelopment of a disease specific quality of life questionnaire for patients with Graves’ ophthalmopathy: the GO-QOLBr J Ophthalmol19988277737799924370
- WiersingaWMCombined thyroid-eye clinicsWiersingaWMKahalyGJGraves’ Orbitopathy: A Multidisciplinary ApproachBaselKarger20079699
- PrummelMFWiersingaWMMouritsMPKoornneefLBerghoutAvan der GaagRAmelioration of eye changes of Graves’ ophthalmopathy by achieving euthyroidismActa Endocrinol (Copenh)1989121Suppl 2S185S190
- PrummelMFWiersingaWMMouritsMPKoornneefLBerghoutAvan der GaagREffect of abnormal thyroid function on the severity of Graves’ ophthalmopathyArch Intern Med19901505109811011691908
- BartalenaLMarcocciCBogazziFRelation between therapy for hyperthyroidism and the course of Graves’ ophthalmopathyN Engl J Med1998338273789420337
- MenconiFMarinòMPincheraAEffects of total thyroid ablation versus near-total thyroidectomy alone on mild to moderate Graves’ orbitopathy treated with intravenous glucocorticoidsJ Clin Endocrinol Metab20079251653165817299076
- TallstedtLLundellGTørringOOccurrence of ophthalmopathy after treatment for Graves’ hyperthyroidism. The Thyroid Study GroupN Engl J Med199232626173317381489388
- BartalenaLMarcocciCBogazziFRelation between therapy for hyperthyroidism and the course of Graves’ ophthalmopathyN Engl J Med1998338273789420337
- BartalenaLMarcocciCBogazziFPanicucciMLepriAPincheraAUse of corticosteroids to prevent progression of Graves’ ophthalmopathy after radioiodine therapy for hyperthyroidismN Engl J Med198932120134913522811943
- PerrosPKendall-TaylorPNeohCFrewinSDickinsonJA prospective study of the effects of radioiodine therapy for hyperthyroidism in patients with minimally active graves’ ophthalmopathyJ Clin Endocrinol Metab20059095321532315985483
- O’HareJAGeorgheganMCigarette smoking as a promoter of Graves’ diseaseEur J Intern Med19934289292
- UddinJMDaviesPDTreatment of upper eyelid retraction associated with thyroid eye disease with subconjunctival botulinum toxin injectionOphthalmology200210961183118712045064
- BartalenaLMarcocciCPincheraATreating severe Graves’ ophthalmopathyBaillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab19971135215269532337
- EbnerRDevotoMHWeilDTreatment of thyroid associated ophthalmopathy with periocular injections of triamcinoloneBr J Ophthalmol200488111380138615489477
- BartalenaLPincheraAMarcocciCManagement of Graves’ ophthalmopathy: reality and perspectivesEndocr Rev200021216819910782363
- MarcocciCBartalenaLTandaMLComparison of the effectiveness and tolerability of intravenous or oral glucocorticoids associated with orbital radiotherapy in the management of severe Graves’ ophthalmopathy: results of a prospective, single-blind, randomized studyJ Clin Endocrinol Metab20018683562356711502779
- HartRHKendall-TaylorPCrombieAPerrosPEarly response to intravenous glucocorticoids for severe thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy predicts treatment outcomeJ Ocul Pharmacol Ther200521432833616117697
- MarinóMMorabitoEBrunettoMRBartalenaLPincheraAMarocciCAcute and severe liver damage associated with intravenous glucocorticoid pulse therapy in patients with Graves’ ophthalmopathyThyroid200414540340615186621
- Ben SimonGJWangLMcCannJDGoldbergRAPrimary-gaze diplopia in patients with thyroid-related orbitopathy undergoing deep lateral orbital decompression with intraconal fat debulking: a retrospective analysis of treatment outcomeThyroid200414537938315186616
- KahalyGJPitzSHommelGDittmarMRandomized, single blind trial of intravenous versus oral steroid monotherapy in Graves’ orbitopathyJ Clin Endocrinol Metab20059095234524015998777
- Van GeestRJSasimIVKoppeschaarHPMethylprednisolone pulse therapy for patients with moderately severe Graves' orbitopathy: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled studyEur J Endocrinol2008158222923718230831
- MarcocciCBartalenaLPanicucciMOrbital cobalt irradiation combined with retrobulbar or systemic corticosteroids for Graves’ ophthalmopathy: a comparative studyClin Endocrinol (Oxf)198727133423308192
- GoldbergRAEditorial: Orbital steroid injectionsBr J Ophthalmol200488111359136015489472
- WakelkampIMBaldeschiLSaeedPMouritsMPPrummelMFWiersingaWMSurgical or medical decompression as a first-line treatment of optic neuropathy in Graves‘ ophthalmopathy? A randomized controlled trialClin Endocrinol (Oxf)200563332332816117821
- MouritsMPKoornneefLWiersingaWMPrummelMFBerghoutAvan der GaagROrbital decompression for Graves’ ophthalmopathy by inferomedial, by inferomedial plus lateral, and by coronal approachOphthalmology19909756366412342809
- ScottABInjection treatment of endocrine orbital myopathyDoc Ophthalmol19845811411456489104
- UddinJMDaviesPDTreatment of upper eyelid retraction associated with thyroid eye disease with subconjunctival botulinum toxin injectionOphthalmology200210961183118712045064
- GormanCAGarrityJAFatourechiVA prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of orbital radiotherapy for Graves’ ophthalmopathyOphthalmology200110891523153411535445
- PrummelMFMouritsMPBlankLBerghoutAKoornneefLWiersingaWMRandomized double-blind trial of prednisone versus radio-therapy in Graves’ ophthalmopathyLancet199334288779499548105213
- MarcocciCBartalenaLBogazziFBruno-BossioGLepriAPincheraAOrbital radiotherapy combined with high dose systemic glucocorticoids for Graves’ ophthalmopathy is more effective than radiotherapy alone: results of a prospective randomized studyJ Endocrinol Invest199114108538601802923
- MouritsMPvan Kempen-HarteveldMLGarcíaMBKoppeschaarHPTickLTerweeCBRadiotherapy for Graves’ orbitopathy: randomised placebo-controlled studyLancet200035592141505150910801172
- BradleyEAGowerEWBradleyDJOrbital radiation for graves ophthalmopathy: a report by the American Academy of OphthalmologyOphthalmology2008115239840918082885
- KahalyGJRöslerHPPitzSHommelGLow- versus high-dose radiotherapy for Graves’ ophthalmopathy: a randomized, single blind trialJ Clin Endocrinol Metab200085110210810634372
- NakaharaHNoguchiSMurakamiNGraves ophthalmopathy: MR evaluation of 10-Gy versus 24-Gy irradiation combined with systemic corticosteroidsRadiology199519638578627644656
- WakelkampIMTanHSaeedPOrbital irradiation for Graves’ ophthalmopathy: Is it safe? A long-term follow-up studyOphthalmology200411181557156215288988
- MarquezSDLumBLMcDougallIRLong-term results of irradiation for patients with progressive Graves’ ophthalmopathyInt J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys200151376677411697323
- BaldeschiLMacAndieKKoetsierEBlankLEWiersingaWMThe influence of previous orbital irradiation on the outcome of rehabilitative decompression surgery in graves orbitopathyAm J Ophthalmol2008145353454018191092
- BartalenaLBaldeschiLDickinsonAJConsensus statement of the European group on Graves‘ orbitopathy (EUGOGO) on management of Graves‘ orbitopathyThyroid200818333334618341379
- SilverRDHarrisonARGodingGSCombined endoscopic medial and external lateral orbital decompression for progressive thyroid eye diseaseOtolaryngol Head Neck Surg2006134226026616455375
- GoldbergRAKimAJKerivanKMThe lacrimal keyhole, orbital door jamb, and basin of the inferior orbital fissure. Three areas of deep bone in the lateral orbitArch Ophthalmol199811612161816249869791
- ForbesGGormanCABrennanMDGehringDGIlstrupDMEarnestF4thOphthalmopathy of Graves’ disease: computerized volume measurements of the orbital fat and muscleAJNR Am J Neuroradiol1986746516563088943
- TrokelSKazimMMooreSOrbital fat removal. Decompression for Graves orbitopathyOphthalmology199310056746828493010
- NuneryWRNuneryCWMartinRTTruongTVOsbornDRThe risk of diplopia following orbital floor and medial wall decompression in subtypes of ophthalmic Graves’ diseaseOphthal Plast Reconstr Surg1997133153160
- ShorrNSeiffSRThe four stages of surgical rehabilitation of the patient with dysthyroid ophthalmopathyOphthalmology19869344764833703522
- LuederGTScottWEKutschkePJKeechRVLong-term results of adjustable suture surgery for strabismus secondary to thyroid ophthalmopathyOphthalmology19929969939971630789
- BartalenaLPincheraAMarcocciCManagement of Graves’ ophthalmopathy: reality and perspectivesEndocr Rev200021216819910782363
- PrummelMFMouritsMPBerghoutAPrednisone and cyclosporine in the treatment of severe Graves’ ophthalmopathyN Engl J Med198932120135313592519530
- El FassiDNielsenCHHasselbalchHCHegedüsLTreatment-resistant severe, active Graves’ ophthalmopathy successfully treated with B lymphocyte depletionThyroid200616770971016889501
- ParidaensDvan den BoschWAvan der LoosTLKrenningEPvan HagenPMThe effect of etanercept on Graves’ ophthalmopathy: a pilot studyEye200519121286128915550932