Beta-glucans in the treatment of diabetes and associated cardiovascular risks

References

• AlmingerMEklund-JonssonC2008Whole-grain cereal products based on a high-fibre barley or oat genotype lower post-prandial glucose and insulin responses in healthy humansEur J Nutr4729430018633670
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AnaiMFunakiMOgiharaT1998Altered expression levels and impaired steps in the pathway to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation via insulin receptor substrates 1 and 2 in Zucker fatty ratsDiabetes4713239421369
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AndersonJW1995Dietary fibre, complex carbohydrate and coronary artery diseaseCan J Cardiol11Suppl G55G62G
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• AndersonJWDeakinsDAFlooreTL1990Dietary fiber and coronary heart diseaseCrit Rev Food Sci Nutr29951472165783
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AndersonJWGilinskyNHDeakinsDA1991Lipid responses of hypercholesterolemic men to oat-bran and wheat-bran intakeAm J Clin Nutr54678831654739
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ArtissJDBroganKBrucalM2006The effects of a new soluble dietary fiber on weight gain and selected blood parameters in ratsMetabolism5519520216423626
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AsanoTFujishiroMKushiyamaA2007Role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation on insulin action and its alteration in diabetic conditionsBiol Pharm Bull301610617827708
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AssmannGSchulteHCullenP1997New and classical risk factors – the Munster heart study (PROCAM)Eur J Med Res2237429182651
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BehallKMScholfieldDJHallfrischJ2004Diets containing barley significantly reduce lipids in mildly hypercholesterolemic men and womenAm J Clin Nutr8011859315531664
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BerdalMAppelbomHIEikremJH2007Aminated beta-1,3-D-glucan improves wound healing in diabetic db/db miceWound Repair Regen158253218028130
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BertoniAGTsaiAKasperEK2003Diabetes and idiopathic cardiomyopathy: a nationwide case-control studyDiabetes Care262791514514581
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BrowderWWilliamsDLucoreP1988Effect of enhanced macrophage function on early wound healingSurgery104224303261048
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BrownGD2006Dectin-1: a signalling non-TLR pattern-recognition receptorNat Rev Immunol6334316341139
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CarpenterMW2007Gestational diabetes, pregnancy hypertension, and late vascular diseaseDiabetes Care30Suppl 2S2465017596480
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChenJ2008Is Src the key to understanding metastasis and developing new treatments for colon cancer?Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol5306718477987
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ChenJMcMillanNA2008Molecular basis of pathogenesis, prognosis and therapy in chronic lymphocytic leukaemiaCancer Biol Ther7174918059180
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChenJSeviourR2007Medicinal importance of fungal beta-(1–>3), (1–>6)-glucansMycol Res1116355217590323
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ColhounHMBetteridgeDJDurringtonPN2004Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with atorvastatin in type 2 diabetes in the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trialLancet3646859615325833
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CollinsRArmitageJParishS2003MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin in 5963 people with diabetes: a randomised placebo-controlled trialLancet36120051612814710
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CzechMPCorveraS1999Signaling mechanisms that regulate glucose transportJ Biol Chem274186589890935
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DavidsonMHDuganLDBurnsJH1991The hypocholesterolemic effects of beta-glucan in oatmeal and oat bran. A dose-controlled studyJAMA265183392005733
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DavyBMDavyKPHoRC2002High-fiber oat cereal compared with wheat cereal consumption favorably alters LDL-cholesterol subclass and particle numbers in middle-aged and older menAm J Clin Nutr76351812145006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DenkeMASemposCTGrundySM1994Excess body weight. An under-recognized contributor to dyslipidemia in white American womenArch Intern Med154401108117172
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DomanskiMKrause-SteinraufHDeedwaniaP2003The effect of diabetes on outcomes of patients with advanced heart failure in the BEST trialJ Am Coll Cardiol429142212957443
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DrzikovaBDongowskiGGebhardtE2005Dietary fibre-rich oat-based products affect serum lipids, microbiota, formation of short-chain fatty acids and steroids in ratsBr J Nutr9410122516351781
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EllegardLAnderssonH2007Oat bran rapidly increases bile acid excretion and bile acid synthesis: an ileostomy studyEur J Clin Nutr619384517251929
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FarajMLuHLCianfloneK2004Diabetes, lipids, and adipocyte secretagoguesBiochem Cell Biol821709015052336
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FolliFSaadMJBackerJM1993Regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity in liver and muscle of animal models of insulin-resistant and insulin-deficient diabetes mellitusJ Clin Invest921787947691886
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FoxCSCoadySSorliePD2004Trends in cardiovascular complications of diabetesJAMA2922495915562129
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FoxCSPencinaMJMeigsJB2006Trends in the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus from the 1970s to the 1990s: the Framingham Heart StudyCirculation1132914816785337
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FrankRN2004Diabetic retinopathyN Engl J Med350485814702427
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FrustaciAKajsturaJChimentiC2000Myocardial cell death in human diabetesCirc Res8711233211110769
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GabbayRASutherlandCGnudiL1996Insulin regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene expression does not require activation of the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathwayJ Biol Chem271189078567635
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GerhardtALGalloNB1998Full-fat rice bran and oat bran similarly reduce hypercholesterolemia in humansJ Nutr12886599566995
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GoffDCJrGersteinHCGinsbergHN2007Prevention of cardiovascular disease in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus: current knowledge and rationale for the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trialAm J Cardiol994i20i
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GreenhalghDGSprugelKHMurrayMJ1990PDGF and FGF stimulate wound healing in the genetically diabetic mouseAm J Pathol1361235462356856
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GrossJLDe AzevedoMJSilveiroSP2005Diabetic nephropathy: diagnosis, prevention, and treatmentDiabetes Care281647615616252
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HaffnerSMLehtoSRonnemaaT1998Mortality from coronary heart disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes and in nondiabetic subjects with and without prior myocardial infarctionN Engl J Med339229349673301
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HanKHSekikawaMShimadaK2004Resistant starch fraction prepared from kintoki bean affects gene expression of genes associated with cholesterol metabolism in ratsExp Biol Med (Maywood)2297879215337833
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HarrisMI1991Hypercholesterolemia in diabetes and glucose intolerance in the US populationDiabetes Care14366742060448
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HeJStreifferRHMuntnerP2004Effect of dietary fiber intake on blood pressure: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trialJ Hypertens22738015106797
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HillerGSternbyMSundlerR2000Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in zymosan- and bacteria-induced signalling to mobilisation of arachidonic acid in macrophagesBiochim Biophys Acta14851637210832097
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HobbsFD2006Reducing cardiovascular risk in diabetes: beyond glycemic and blood pressure controlInt J Cardiol1101374516289373
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HoenigMR2008Implications of the obesity epidemic for lipid-lowering therapy: non-HDL cholesterol should replace LDL cholesterol as the primary therapeutic targetVasc Health Risk Manag41435618629364
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HsuMJLeeSSLinWW2002Polysaccharide purified from Ganoderma lucidum inhibits spontaneous and Fas-mediated apoptosis in human neutrophils through activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/Akt signaling pathwayJ Leukoc Biol722071612101282
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HughesSAShewryPRGibsonGR2008In vitro fermentation of oat and barley derived beta-glucans by human faecal microbiotaFEMS Microbiol Ecol644829318430007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hyoung LeeDHo KimJSik ParkJ2004Isolation and characterization of a novel angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptide derived from the edible mushroom Tricholoma giganteumPeptides25621715165718
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JamesWP2008The epidemiology of obesity: the size of the problemJ Intern Med2633365218312311
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JenkinsALJenkinsDJZdravkovicU2002Depression of the glycemic index by high levels of beta-glucan fiber in two functional foods tested in type 2 diabetesEur J Clin Nutr56622812080401
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JeppesenJHeinHOSuadicaniP2003High triglycerides/low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, ischemic electrocardiogram changes, and risk of ischemic heart diseaseAm Heart J145103812514661
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KabirYKimuraS1989Dietary mushrooms reduce blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo)359142738717
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KabirYKimuraSTamuraT1988Dietary effect of Ganoderma lucidum mushroom on blood pressure and lipid levels in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo)3443383236086
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KabirYYamaguchiMKimuraS1987Effect of shiitake (Lentinus edodes) and maitake (Grifola frondosa) mushrooms on blood pressure and plasma lipids of spontaneously hypertensive ratsJ Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo)3334163443885
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KannelWBMcGeeDL1979Diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors: the Framingham studyCirculation59813758126
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KapurNKAshenDBlumenthalRS2008High density lipoprotein cholesterol: an evolving target of therapy in the management of cardiovascular diseaseVasc Health Risk Manag4395718629371
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KarmallyWMontezMGPalmasW2005Cholesterol-lowering benefits of oat-containing cereal in Hispanic americansJ Am Diet Assoc1059677015942550
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KarnikAAFieldsAVShannonRP2007Diabetic cardiomyopathyCurr Hypertens Rep94677318367010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KatagiriHAsanoTIshiharaH1996Overexpression of catalytic subunit p110alpha of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase increases glucose transport activity with translocation of glucose transporters in 3T3-L1 adipocytesJ Biol Chem27116987908663584
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KenyonAJMichaelsEB1983Modulation of early cellular events in wound healing in miceAm J Vet Res4434036299147
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KeoghGFCooperGJMulveyTB2003Randomized controlled crossover study of the effect of a highly beta-glucan-enriched barley on cardiovascular disease risk factors in mildly hypercholesterolemic menAm J Clin Nutr78711814522728
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KeoghJBLauCWNoakesM2007Effects of meals with high soluble fibre, high amylose barley variant on glucose, insulin, satiety and thermic effect of food in healthy lean womenEur J Clin Nutr6159760417164830
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KerckhoffsDABrounsFHornstraG2002Effects on the human serum lipoprotein profile of beta-glucan, soy protein and isoflavones, plant sterols and stanols, garlic and tocotrienolsJ Nutr132249450512221200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KerckhoffsDAHornstraGMensinkRP2003Cholesterol-lowering effect of beta-glucan from oat bran in mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects may decrease when beta-glucan is incorporated into bread and cookiesAm J Clin Nutr78221712885701
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KibosACampeanuATintoiuI2007Pathophysiology of coronary artery in-stent restenosisAcute Card Care9111917573586
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KihoTKobayashiTMorimotoH2000Structural features of an anti-diabetic polysaccharide (TAP) from Tremella aurantiaChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo)481793511086918
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KihoTMorimotoHSakushimaM1995Polysaccharides in fungi. XXXV. Anti diabetic activity of an acidic polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Tremella aurantiaBiol Pharm Bull18162798787777
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KimJKKimYJFillmoreJJ2001Prevention of fat-induced insulin resistance by salicylateJ Clin Invest1084374611489937
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KimYWKimKHChoiHJ2005Anti-diabetic activity of beta-glucans and their enzymatically hydrolyzed oligosaccharides from Agaricus blazeiBiotechnol Lett27483715928854
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KissebahAHFreedmanDSPeirisAN1989Health risks of obesityMed Clin North Am73111382643000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KlagMJWheltonPKRandallBL1996Blood pressure and end-stage renal disease in menN Engl J Med3341387494564
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KleinR1995Hyperglycemia and microvascular and macrovascular disease in diabetesDiabetes Care18258687729308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KreierFKalsbeekASauerweinHP2007“Diabetes of the elderly” and type 2 diabetes in younger patients: possible role of the biological clock”Exp Gerontol4222717049784
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaaksoM1996Lipids and lipoproteins as risk factors for coronary heart disease in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitusAnn Med2834158862689
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LannerJTBrutonJDKatzA2008Ca(2+) and insulin-mediated glucose uptakeCurr Opin Pharmacol83394518321782
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeeJYKimJYLeeYG2008Molecular mechanism of macrophage activation by exopolysaccharides from liquid culture of Lentinus edodesJ Microbiol Biotechnol183556418309284
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LiBAllendorfDJHansenR2006Yeast beta-glucan amplifies phagocyte killing of iC3b-opsonized tumor cells via complement receptor 3-Syk-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathwayJ Immunol1771661916849475
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LiCHaTKelleyJ2004Modulating Toll-like receptor mediated signaling by (1–>3)-beta-D-glucan rapidly induces cardioprotectionCardiovasc Res615384714962484
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LiaAHallmansGSandbergAS1995Oat beta-glucan increases bile acid excretion and a fiber-rich barley fraction increases cholesterol excretion in ileostomy subjectsAm J Clin Nutr621245517491888
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LiubaPPesonenE2005Infection and early atherosclerosis: does the evidence support causation?Acta Paediatr946435116188762
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LoHCTsaiFAWasserSP2006Effects of ingested fruiting bodies, submerged culture biomass, and acidic polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan of Tremella mesenterica Retz:Fr. on glycemic responses in normal and diabetic ratsLife Sci7819576616289235
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LucasEHByerrumRUClarkeDA1958Production of oncostatic principles in vivo and in vitro by species of the genus CalvatiaAntibiot Annu6493613637789
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• LudwigDS2003Dietary glycemic index and the regulation of body weightLipids381172112733742
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MakiKCGalantRSamuelP2007Effects of consuming foods containing oat beta-glucan on blood pressure, carbohydrate metabolism and biomarkers of oxidative stress in men and women with elevated blood pressureEur J Clin Nutr617869517151592
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ManningBDCantleyLC2007AKT/PKB signaling: navigating downstreamCell12912617417604717
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MarlettJA1997Sites and mechanisms for the hypocholesterolemic actions of soluble dietary fiber sourcesAdv Exp Med Biol427109219361837
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MartinSSHarutaTMorrisAJ1996Activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is sufficient to mediate actin rearrangement and GLUT4 translocation in 3T3-L1 adipocytesJ Biol Chem2711760588663595
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MayellM2001Maitake extracts and their therapeutic potentialAltern Med Rev6486011207456
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McIntoshMStoneBAStanisichVA2005Curdlan and other bacterial (1–>3)-beta-D-glucansAppl Microbiol Biotechnol681637315818477
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MineoCYuhannaISQuonMJ2003High density lipoprotein-induced endothelial nitric-oxide synthase activation is mediated by Akt and MAP kinasesJ Biol Chem2789142912511559
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MokdadAHFordESBowmanBA2003Prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and obesity-related health risk factors2001JAMA28976912503980
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NaumannEVan ReesABOnningG2006Beta-glucan incorporated into a fruit drink effectively lowers serum LDL-cholesterol concentrationsAm J Clin Nutr83601516522906
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NgYRammGLopezJA2008Rapid activation of Akt2 is sufficient to stimulate GLUT4 translocation in 3T3-L1 adipocytesCell Metab73485618396141
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NilssonLMAbrahamssonASahlinS2007Bile acids and lipoprotein metabolism: effects of cholestyramine and chenodeoxycholic acid on human hepatic mRNA expressionBiochem Biophys Res Commun3577071117448444
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OkadaTKawanoYSakakibaraT1994Essential role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in insulin-induced glucose transport and antilipolysis in rat adipocytes. Studies with a selective inhibitor wortmanninJ Biol Chem2693568738106400
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OlefskyJM1981LIlly lecture 1980. Insulin resistance and insulin action. An in vitro and in vivo perspectiveDiabetes30148627009267
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OlssonSSundlerR2007The macrophage beta-glucan receptor mediates arachidonate release induced by zymosan: essential role for Src family kinasesMol Immunol4415091517084455
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PorteraCALoveEJMemoreL1997Effect of macrophage stimulation on collagen biosynthesis in the healing woundAm Surg63125319012425
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PyoralaKLaaksoMUusitupaM1987Diabetes and atherosclerosis: an epidemiologic viewDiabetes Metab Rev34635243552530
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ReginaABirdAToppingD2006High-amylose wheat generated by RNA interference improves indices of large-bowel health in ratsProc Natl Acad Sci U S A10335465116537443
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reyna-VillasmilNBermudez-PirelaVMengual-MorenoE2007Oat-derived beta-glucan significantly improves HDLC and diminishes LDLC and non-HDL cholesterol in overweight individuals with mild hypercholesterolemiaAm J Ther142031217414591
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• RicePJKelleyJLKoganG2002Human monocyte scavenger receptors are pattern recognition receptors for (1–>3)-beta-D-glucansJ Leukoc Biol72140612101273
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RotherKI2007Diabetes treatment – bridging the divideN Engl J Med356149950117429082
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadiq ButtMTahir-NadeemMKhanMK2008Oat: unique among the cerealsEur J Nutr47687918301937
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SanchezDMuguerzaBMoulayL2008Highly methoxylated pectin improves insulin resistance and other cardiometabolic risk factors in Zucker fatty ratsJ Agric Food Chem5635748118433105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SarisWH2003Glycemic carbohydrate and body weight regulationNutr Rev61S10612828187
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SasakiHOgawaKShimizuM2007The insulin sensitizer pioglitazone improves the deterioration of ischemic preconditioning in type 2 diabetes mellitus ratsInt Heart J486233517998772
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchinnerSScherbaumWABornsteinSR2005Molecular mechanisms of insulin resistanceDiabet Med226748215910615
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchmidFStoneBAMcDougallBM2001Structure of epiglucan, a highly side-chain/branched (1 –> 3; 1 –> 6)-beta-glucan from the micro fungus Epicoccum nigrum Ehrenb. ex SchlechtCarbohydr Res3311637111322730
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchulzeMBRimmEBShaiI2004Relationship between adiponectin and glycemic control, blood lipids, and inflammatory markers in men with type 2 diabetesDiabetes Care271680715220246
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ShepherdPRNaveBTSiddleK1995Involvement of PI 3-kinase in stimulation of glucose transport and recruitment of transferrin receptors in 3T3-L1 adipocytesBiochem Soc Trans23201S7672221
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ShimizuCKiharaMAoeS2008Effect of high beta-glucan barley on serum cholesterol concentrations and visceral fat area in Japanese men-A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trialPlant Foods Hum Nutr6321518074229
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ShulmanGI2000Cellular mechanisms of insulin resistanceJ Clin Invest106171610903330
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SipersteinMD1992Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar comaEndocrinol Metab Clin North Am21415321612073
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StamlerJVaccaroONeatonJD1993Diabetes, other risk factors, and 12-yr cardiovascular mortality for men screened in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention TrialDiabetes Care16434448432214
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StolkRPVan SchooneveldMJCruickshankJK2008Retinal vascular lesions in patients of Caucasian and Asian origin with type 2 diabetes: baseline results from the ADVANCE Retinal Measurements (AdRem) studyDiabetes Care317081318184903
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SutherlandCO’BrienRMGrannerDK1995Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, but not p70/p85 ribosomal S6 protein kinase, is required for the regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene expression by insulin. Dissociation of signaling pathways for insulin and phorbol ester regulation of PEPCK gene expressionJ Biol Chem2701550167797543
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TalpurNEchardBDadgarA2002aEffects of Maitake mushroom fractions on blood pressure of Zucker fatty ratsRes Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol112688215080498
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• TalpurNEchardBWYasminT2003Effects of niacin-bound chromium, Maitake mushroom fraction SX and (-)-hydroxycitric acid on the metabolic syndrome in aged diabetic Zucker fatty ratsMol Cell Biochem2523697714577612
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TalpurNAEchardBWFanAY2002bAntihypertensive and metabolic effects of whole Maitake mushroom powder and its fractions in two rat strainsMol Cell Biochem2371293612236580
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TapolaNKarvonenHNiskanenL2005Glycemic responses of oat bran products in type 2 diabetic patientsNutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis152556116054549
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TappyLGugolzEWurschP1996Effects of breakfast cereals containing various amounts of beta-glucan fibers on plasma glucose and insulin responses in NIDDM subjectsDiabetes Care1983148842600
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TheuwissenEMensinkRP2007Simultaneous intake of beta-glucan and plant stanol esters affects lipid metabolism in slightly hypercholesterolemic subjectsJ Nutr137583817311944
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TrinidadAGde la PuertaMLFernandezN2006Coupling of C3bi to IgG inhibits the tyrosine phosphorylation signaling cascade downstream Syk and reduces cytokine induction in monocytesJ Leukoc Biol7910738216501050
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TschritterOFritscheAThamerC2003Plasma adiponectin concentrations predict insulin sensitivity of both glucose and lipid metabolismDiabetes522394312540592
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TurnerRCMillnsHNeilHA1998Risk factors for coronary artery disease in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS: 23)BMJ31682389549452
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UnderhillDMRossnagleELowellCA2005Dectin-1 activates Syk tyrosine kinase in a dynamic subset of macrophages for reactive oxygen productionBlood10625435015956283
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van HornLMoag-StahlbergALiuKA1991Effects on serum lipids of adding instant oats to usual American dietsAm J Public Health8118381846723
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WatsonRTPessinJE2001Intracellular organization of insulin signaling and GLUT4 translocationRecent Prog Horm Res561759311237212
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WeiDZhangLWilliamsDL2002Glucan stimulates human dermal fibroblast collagen biosynthesis through a nuclear factor-1 dependent mechanismWound Repair Regen10161812100377
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• [WHO] World Health Organization2008Global strategy on diet, physical activity and health: diabetes. Accessed on May 4, 2008. URL:http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/publications/facts/diabetes/en/index.html
   Google Scholar
• WilliamsDLDi LuzioNR1980Glucan-induced modification of murine viral hepatitisScience2086797361108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YamauchiTKamonJWakiH2001The fat-derived hormone adiponectin reverses insulin resistance associated with both lipoatrophy and obesityNat Med7941611479627
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar