Update on the use of fibrates: focus on bezafibrate

References

• BaigentCKeechAKearneyPMEfficacy and safety of cholesterol – lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statinsLancet20053661267816214597
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BarterPGottoAMLaRosaJCTreating to New Targets InvestigatorsHDL cholesterol, very low levels of LDL cholesterol, and cardiovascular eventsN Engl J Med200735713011017898099
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BergerJPAkiyamaTEMeinkePTPPARs: Therapeutic targets for metabolic diseaseTrends Pharmacol Sci2005262445115860371
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BerneisKKKraussRMMetabolic origins and clinical significance of LDL heterogeneityJ Lipid Res20024313637912235168
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BiermanELAtherogenesis in diabetesArterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol19921264756
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BlakeGJOtvosJDRifaiNRidkerPMLDL particle concentration and size as determined by NMR spectroscopy as predictors of cardiovascular disease in womenCirculation20021061930712370215
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CabreroAAlegretMSanchezRMBezafibrate reduces mRNA levels of adipocyte markers and increases fatty acid oxidation in primary culture of adipocytesDiabetes20015018839011473052
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CannerPLBergeKGWengerNKFifteen year mortality in Coronary Drug Project patients: long-term benefit with niacinJ Am Coll Cardiol198681245553782631
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CarlsonLARosenhamerGReduction of mortality in the Stockholm Ischaemic Heart Disease Secondary Prevention Study by combined treatment with clofibrate and nicotinic acidActa Med Scand1988223405183287837
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CastelliWPCholesterol and lipids in the risk of coronary artery disease: the Framingham Heart StudyCan J19884Suppl A5A10A
   Google Scholar
• ChapmanMJFibrates: therapeutic reviewBr J Diabetes Vasc Dis200661118
   Google Scholar
• Clofibrate and niacin in coronary heart diseaseJAMA1975231360811088963
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Committee of Principal InvestigatorsA co-operative trial in the primary prevention of ischaemic heart disease using clofibrate. 1978. Report from the Committee of Principal InvestigatorsBr Heart J1978401069118361054
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Committee of Principal InvestigatorsWHO cooperative trial on primary prevention of ischemic heart disease using clofibrate to lower serum cholesterol: final mortality follow-upLancet1984ii60004
   Google Scholar
• DownsJRClearfieldMWeisSPrimary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels: results of AFCAPS/TexCAPSJAMA19982791615229613910
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DevchandPKellerHPetersJThe PPARα-leucotriene B4 pathway to inflammation controlNature199638439438900274
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Effects of long-term fenofibrate therapy on cardiovascular events in 9795 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the FIELD study): randomised controlled trialLancet200536618496116310551
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ElkelesRSDiamondJRPoulterCCardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. A double-blind placebo-controlled study of bezafibrate: the St. Mary’s, Ealing, Northwick Park Diabetes Cardiovascular Prevention (SENDCAP) StudyDiabetes Care19982164189571357
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EricssonCGHamstenANilssonJAngiographic assessment of bezafibrate on progression of coronary artery disease in young male postinfarction patientsLancet1996347849538622389
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FrickMHSyvanneMNieminenMSLopid Coronary Angiography Trial (LOCAT) Study GroupPrevention of angiographic progression of coronary and vein-graft atherosclerosis by gemfibrozil after coronary bypass surgery in men with low levels of HDL cholesterolCirculation1997962137439337181
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FruchartJCBrewerHBJrLeitersdorfEFibrate Consensus GroupConsensus for the use of fibrates in the treatment of dyslipoproteinemia and coronary heart diseaseAm J Cardiol19988191279555782
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GenestJJMcNamaraJROrdovasJMLipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I and B and lipoprotein (a) abnormality in men with premature coronary heart diseaseJ Am Coll Cardiol1992197928021531990
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GoldenbergIGoldbourtUBoycoVRelationship between on-treatment increments in serum HDL levels and cardiac events in patients with coronary heart disease: an extended follow-up of the Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention TrialAm J Cardiol2006974667116461038
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GoldenbergIBenderlyMGoldbourtUSecondary prevention with bezafibrate therapy for the treatment of dyslipidemia. An extended follow-up of the Bezafbrate Infarction Prevention StudyJ Am Coll Cardiol2007In press
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GordonTCastelliWPHjortlandMCHigh density lipoprotein as a protective factor against coronary heart disease: the Framingham StudyAm J Med19776270714193398
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GottoAMJrTriglyceride as a risk factor for coronary artery diseaseAm J Cardiol19988222Q5Q9671003
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GuérinMBruckertEDolphinPJFenofibrate reduces plasma cholesteryl ester transfer from HDL to VLDL and normalizes the atherogenic, dense LDL profile in combined hyperlipidemiaArterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol1996676372
   Google Scholar
• HaubenwallnerSEssenburgADBarnettBCHypolipidemic activity of select fibrates correlates to changes in hepatic apolipoprotein C-III expression: a potential physiologic basis for their mode of actionJ Lipid Res1995122541518847480
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HowardBVLipoprotein metabolism in diabetes mellitusJ Lipid Res198728613283302085
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JeppesenJHeinHOSuadicaniPRelation of high TG-low HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol to the incidence of ischemic heart disease: an 8-year follow-up in the Copenhagen Male StudyArterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol1997171114209194762
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KiyanagiTMiyazakiTKumeADecrease in CETP activity by fenofibrate may increase LDL particle size measured by HPLC method in patients with coronary artery diseaseAtherosclerosis200673 Suppl559
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KoskinenPManttariMManninenVCoronary heart disease in NIDDM patients in the Helsinki Heart StudyDiabetes Care19921582051516498
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaaksoMSarlundHMykkanenLInsulin resistance is associated with lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities in subjects with varying degrees of glucose toleranceArteriosclerosis199010223312180396
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• LamarcheBTchernofAMauriègePFasting insulin and apolipoprotein B levels and low-density lipoprotein particle size as risk factors for ischemic heart diseaseJAMA19982791955619643858
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ManninenVTenkanenLKoshinenPJoint effects of serum triglyceride and LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol concentrations on coronary heart disease risk in the Helsinki Heart Study: implications for treatmentCirculation19928537451728471
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MeadeTZuhrieRCookCBezafibrate in men with lower extremity arterial disease: randomised controlled trialBMJ20022511394412433762
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• PetersJMAoyamaTBurnsAMBezafibrate is a dual ligand for PPARalpha and PPARbeta: studies using null miceBiochim Biophys Acta2005163280912782154
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• PoirierHNiotIMonnotMCDifferential involvement of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors alpha and delta in fibrate and fatty-acid-mediated inductions of the gene encoding liver fatty-acid-binding protein in the liver and the small intestineBiochem J2001355481811284737
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RizzoMBerneisKThe clinical significance of the size of low-density-lipoproteins and the modulation of subclasses by fibratesCurr Med Res Opin20072311031117519077
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RizzoMRiniGBBerneisKEffects of statins, fibrates, rosuvastatin and ezetimibe beyond cholesterol: the modulation of LDL size and subclasses in high-risk patientsAdv Ther2007245758217660166
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RubinsHBRobinsSJCollinsDVeterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Intervention Trial Study GroupGemfibrozil for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in men with low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterolN Engl J Med1999341410810438259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RubinsHBRobinsSJCollinsDDiabetes, plasma insulin, and cardiovascular disease. Subgroup analysis from the Department of Veterans Affairs High-density Lipoprotein Intervention Trial (VA-HIT)Arch Intern Med2002162259760412456232
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SacksFMPfefferMAMoyeLAThe effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levelsN Engl J Med1996335100198801446
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchoonjansKStaelsBAuwerxJThe peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) and their effects on lipid metabolism and adipocyte differentiationBiochim Biophys Acta1996a1302931098695669
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchoonjansKStaelsBAuwerxJRole of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) in mediating the effects of fibrates and fatty acids on gene expressionJ Lipid Res1996b37907258725145
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchonfeldGThe effects of fibrates on lipoprotein and hemostatic coronary risk factorsAtherosclerosis1994111161747718018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scottish Society of PhysiciansIschaemic heart disease: a secondary prevention trial using clofibrate. Report by a research committee of the Scottish Society of PhysiciansBMJ19714775844943606
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SimpsonIALorimerARWalkerIDEffect of ciprofibrate on platelet aggregation and fibrinolysis in patients with hypercholesterolaemiaThromb Haemostat1989544424
   Google Scholar
• SeverPSDahlöfBPoulterNRPrevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trialLancet200336111495812686036
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ShepherdJCobbeSMFordIPrevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemiaN Engl J Med1995333130177566020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StaelsBKoenigWHabibAActivation of human aortic smooth muscle cells is inhibited by PPARα but not by PPARγ activatorsNature199839379039655393
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SuperkoRHBerneisKKWilliamsPGemfibrozil reduces small low-density lipoprotein more in normolipemic subjects classified as low-density lipoprotein pattern B compared with pattern AAm J Cardiol20059612667216253595
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TchernofALamarcheBPrud’hommeDThe dense LDL phenotype: association with plasma lipoprotein levels, visceral obesity, and hyperinsulinemia in menDiabetes Care199619629378725863
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TenenbaumAFismanEZMotroMMetabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus: focus on peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPAR)Cardiovasc Diabetol20032412834541
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TenenbaumAMotroMFismanBezafibrate for the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction in patients with metabolic syndromeArch Intern Med200516511546015911729
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TenenbaumAMotroMFismanEZPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ligand bezafibrate for prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with coronary artery diseaseCirculation2004109219720215123532
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The BIP Study GroupSecondary prevention by raising HDL cholesterol and reducing triglycerides in patients with coronary artery diseaseCirculation200010221710880410
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The FIELD study investigatorsEffect of long-term fenofibrate therapy on cardiovascular events in 9795 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the FIELD study): randomized controlled trialLancet2005676672
   Google Scholar
• Trial of clofibrate in the treatment of ischaemic heart diseaseFive-year study by a group of physicians of the Newcastle upon Tyne regionBMJ19714767754943605
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• VakkilainenJSteinerGAnsquerJCRelationships between low-density lipoprotein particle size, plasma lipoproteins, and progression of coronary artery disease: the Diabetes Atherosclerosis Intervention Study (DAIS)Circulation20031071733712665498
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VamecqJLatruffeNMedical significance of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorsLancet1999354141810408502
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VazquezMRoglansNCabreroABezafibrate induces acyl-CoA oxidase mRNA levels and fatty acid peroxisomal beta-oxidation in rat white adipose tissueMol Cell Biochem200121671811216866
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YaariSGoldbourtUEven-ZoharSAssociations of serum high density lipoprotein and total cholesterol with total cardiovascular and cancer mortality in a 7-year prospective study of 10,000 menLancet19811101156112410
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar