336
Views
76
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Ultrastructure of the cyst wall of Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae): wall development and behaviour during cyst germination

, , &
Pages 616-623 | Received 02 May 2005, Accepted 30 Mar 2006, Published online: 22 Apr 2019

REFERENCES

  • Aken M.E. & Pienaar R.N. 1985. Preliminary investigations on the chemical composition of the scale-boundary and cyst wall of Pyramimonas pseudoparkeae (Prasinophyceae). South African Journal of Botany 51: 408–416.
  • Atkinson A.W. Jr., Gunning B.E.S. & John P.C.L. 1972. Sporopollenin in the cell wall of Chlorella and other algae: ultrastructure, chemistry, and incorporation of 14C-acetate, studied in synchronous cultures. Planta 107: 1–32.
  • Berkaloff C., Casadevall E., Largeau C., Metzger P., Peracca S. & Virlet J. 1983. The resistant polymer of the walls of the hydrocarbon-rich alga Botryococcus braunii. Phytochemistry 22: 389–397.
  • Brown D.L., Leppard G.G. & Massalki A. 1976. Fine structure of encystment of the Quadri Alga, Polytomella agilis. Protoplasma 90: 139–154.
  • Burczyk J. 1987. Biogenetic relationships between ketocarotenoids and sporopollenins in green algae. Phytochemistry 26: 113–119.
  • De Vries P.J.R., Simons J. & Van Beem A.P. 1983. Sporopollenin in the spore wall of Spirogyra (Zygnemataceae, Chlorophyceae). Acta Botanica Neerlandica 32: 25–28.
  • Delwiche C.F., Graham L.E. & Thomson N. 1989. Lignin-like compounds and sporopollenin in Coleochaete, an algal model for land plant ancestry. Science 245: 399–401.
  • Eriksson O. 1981. The families of bitunicate Ascomycetes. Opera Botanica 60: 1–220.
  • Faust B. 1992. Modern chemical techniques. Royal Society of Chemistry, London.
  • Ferrer N.C. & Cáceres E.J. 1995. Spirogyra salmonispora sp.nov. (Zygnematophyceae, Chlorophyta), a new freshwater species of the section conjugata. Archiv für Protistenkunde 146: 101–106.
  • Good B.H. & Chapman R.L. 1978. The ultrastructure of Phycopeltis (Chroolepidaceae: Chlorophyta). I. Sporopollenin in the cell walls. American Journal of Botany 65: 27–23.
  • Hagen C., Braune W. & Björn L.O. 1994. Functional aspects of secondary carotenoids in Haematococcus lacustris [Girod] Rostafinski (Volvocales). III. Action as a “sunshade”. Journal of Phycology 30: 241–248.
  • Hagen C., Grünewald K., Schmidt S. & Müller J. 2000. Accumulation of secondary carotenoids in flagellates of Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyta) is accompanied by an increase in per unit chlorophyll productivity of photosynthesis. European Journal of Phycology 35: 75–82.
  • Hagen C., Grünewald K., Xyländer M. & Rothe E. 2001. Effect of cultivation parameters on growth and pigment biosynthesis in flagellated cells of Haematococcus pluvialis. Journal of Applied Phycology 13: 79–87.
  • Hagen C., Siegmund S. & Braune W. 2002. Ultrastructural and chemical changes in the cell wall of Haematococcus pluvialis (Volvocales, Chlorophyta) during aplanospore formation. European Journal of Phycology 37: 217–226.
  • Harker M., Tsavalos A.J. & Young A.J. 1996. Autotrophic growth and carotenoid protection of Haematococcus pluvialis in a 30 liter air-lift photobioreactor. Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering 82: 113–118.
  • Hoen P. 2000. Glossary of Pollen and Spore Terminology. In Part 4 (P-R). http://www.biol.ruu.nl/~palaeo/glossary/glos-int.htm.
  • Iversen J. & Troels-Smith J. 1950. Pollenmorphologische definitonen und typen. Danmarks Geologiske Undersogelse Ser. 4. 3: 1–54.
  • Johnson E.A., Villa T.G. & Lewis M.J. 1980. Phaffia rhodozyma as an astaxanthin source in salmonid diets. Aquaculture 20: 123–134.
  • Kokot S., Tuan N.A. & Rintoul L. 1997. Discrimination of reactive dyes on cotton fabric by Raman Spectroscopy and Chemometrics. Applied Spectroscopy 51: 387–392.
  • May G., Southworth D. & Dickinson D. 1975. Analysis of sporopollenin isolated from pollen of Ambrosia artemisiifolia and A. trifida. Grana 15: 149–152.
  • Mendes-Pinto M.M., Raposo M.F.J., Bowen J., Young A.J. & Morais R. 2001. Evaluation of different cell disruption processes on encysted cells of Haematococcus pluvialis: effects on astaxanthin recovery and implications for bio-availability. Journal of Applied Phycology 13: 19–24.
  • Montsant A., Zarka A. & Boussiba S. 2001. Presence of a nonhydrolyzable biopolymer in the cell wall of vegetative cells and astaxanthin-rich cysts of Haematocccus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae). Marine Biotechnology 3: 515–521.
  • Nakanishi K. & Solomon P.A. 1977. Infrared absorption spectroscopy, ed. 2. Holden-Day, San Francisco.
  • Ostergaard Jensen M. & Moestrup O. 1997. Autecology of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii: life history and growth at different temperatures and salinities. European Journal of Phycology 32: 9–18.
  • Pappas C., Rodis P., Tarantilis P.A. & Polossiou M. 1999. Predictions of the pH in wood by diffuse reflectance infrared fourier-transform spectroscopy. Applied Spectroscopy 53: 805–810.
  • Pretsch E., Seibl J., Simon W. & Clerc T. 1983. Tables of spectral data for structure determination of organic compounds. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany.
  • Puel F., Largeau C. & Giraud G. 1987. Occurrence of a resistant biopolymer in the outer walls of the parasitic alga Prototheca wickerhamii (Chlorococcales): ultrastructural and chemical studies. Journal of Phycology 23: 649–656.
  • Reymond O.L. & Pickett-Heaps J.D. 1983. A routine flat embedding method for electron microscopy of microorganisms allowing selection and precisely orientated sectioning of single cells by light microscopy. Journal of Microscopy 130: 79–84.
  • Reynolds D.R. 1971. Wall structure of a bitunicate ascus. Planta 98: 244–257.
  • Rodríguez M.C. & Cerezo A.S. 1996. The resistant “biopolymer” in cell walls of Coelastrum sphaericum. Phytochemistry 43: 731–734.
  • Rodríguez M.C., Nocedal M.D. & Cerezo A.S. 1999. The fibrillar polysaccharides and their linkage to algaenan in the trilaminar layer of the cell wall of Coelastrum sphaericum (Chlorophyceae). Journal of Phycology 35: 1025–1031.
  • Rowley J.R. & Flynn J.J. 1966. Single-stage carbon replicas of microspores. Stain Technology 41: 287–290.
  • Sene C.F.B., McCann M.C., Wilson R.H. & Grinter R. 1994. Fourier-transform raman and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (an investigation of five higher plant cell walls and their components). Plant Physiology 106: 1623–1631.
  • Sengupta S. & Rowley J.R. 1974. Re-exposure of tapes at high temperatures and pressure in Lycopodium clavatum spore exine. Grana 14: 143–151.
  • Sherwood M.A. 1981. Convergent evolution in Discomycetes from bark and wood. J. Linnean Society of London Botany 82: 15–34.
  • Southworth D. 1974. Solubility of pollen exines. American Journal of Botany 61: 36–44.
  • Stein J.R. 1973. Handbook of phycological methods. Culture methods and growth measurements. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K. 448 pp.
  • Vanwinkle-Swift K.P. & Rickoll W.L. 1997. The zygospore wall of Chlamydomonas monoica (Chlorophyceae): morphogenesis and evidence for the presence of sporopollenin. Journal of Phycology 33: 655–665.
  • Wang B., Zarka A., Trebst A. & Boussiba S. 2003. Astaxanthin accumulation in Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae) as an active photoprotective process under high irradiance. Journal of Phycology 39: 1116–1124.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.