Ultrastructure and phylogeny of Theleodinium calcisporum gen. et sp. nov., a freshwater dinoflagellate that produces calcareous cysts

REFERENCES

• Calado A.J. 2011. On the identity of the freshwater dinoflagellate Glenodinium edax, with a discussion on the genera Tyrannodinium and Katodinium, and the description of Opisthoaulax gen. nov. Phycologia 50: 641–649.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calado A.J. & Moestrup Ø. 1997. Feeding in Peridiniopsis berolinensis (Dinophyceae): new observations on tube feeding by an omnivorous, heterotrophic dinoflagellate. Phycologia 36: 47–59.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calado A.J. & Moestrup Ø. 2002. Ultrastructural study of the type species of Peridiniopsis, Peridiniopsis borgei (Dinophyceae), with special reference to the peduncle and flagellar apparatus. Phycologia 41: 567–584.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calado A.J., Hansen G. & Moestrup Ø. 1999. Architecture of the flagellar apparatus and related structures in the type species of Peridinium, P. cinctum (Dinophyceae). European Journal of Phycology 34: 179–191.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calado A.J., Craveiro S.C., Daugbjerg N. & Moestrup Ø. 2009. Description of Tyrannodinium gen. nov., a freshwater dinoflagellate closely related to the marine Pfiesteria-like species. Journal of Phycology 45: 1195–1205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carty S. 2008. Parvodinium gen. nov. for the Umbonatum group of Peridinium (Dinophyceae). Ohio Journal of Science 108: 103–107.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coats D.W., Kim S., Bachvaroff T.R., Handy S.M. & Delwiche C.F. 2010. Tintinnophagus acutus n. g., n. sp. (Phylum Dinoflagellata), an ectoparasite of the ciliate Tintinnopsis cylindrica Daday 1887, and its relationship to Duboscquodinium collini Grassé 1952. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 57: 468–482.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coats D.W., Bachvaroff T.R. & Delwiche C.F. 2012. Revision of the family Duboscquellidae with description of Euduboscquella crenulata n. gen., n. sp. (Dinoflagellata, Syndinea), an intracellular parasite of the ciliate Favella panamensis Kofoid & Campbell, 1929. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 59: 1–11.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craveiro S.C., Calado A.J., Daugbjerg N. & Moestrup Ø. 2009. Ultrastructure and LSU rDNA-based revision of Peridinium group palatinum (Dinophyceae) with the description of Palatinus gen. nov. Journal of Phycology 45: 1175–1194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craveiro S.C., Moestrup Ø., Daugbjerg N. & Calado A.J. 2010. Ultrastructure and large subunit rDNA-based phylogeny of Sphaerodinium cracoviense, an unusual freshwater dinoflagellate with a novel type of eyespot. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 57: 568–585.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craveiro S.C., Calado A.J., Daugbjerg N., Hansen G. & Moestrup Ø. 2011. Ultrastructure and LSU rDNA-based phylogeny of Peridinium lomnickii and description of Chimonodinium gen. nov. (Dinophyceae). Protist 162: 590–615.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darriba D., Taboada G.L., Doallo R. & Posada D. 2012. jModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing. Nature Methods 9: 772.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daugbjerg N., Moestrup Ø. & Arctander P. 1994. Phylogeny of the genus Pyramimonas (Prasinophyceae) inferred from the rbcL gene. Journal of Phycology 30: 991–999.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D'Onofrio G., Marino D., Bianco L., Busico E. & Montresor M. 1999. Toward an assessment on the taxonomy of dinoflagellates that produce calcareous cysts (Calciodinelloideae, Dinophyceae): a morphological and molecular approach. Journal of Phycology 35: 1063–1078.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elbrächter M., Gottschling M., Hildebrand-Habel T., Keupp H., Kohring R., Lewis J., Meier K.J.S., Montresor M., Streng M., Versteegh G.J.M., Willems H. & Zonneveld K. 2008. Establishing an agenda for calcareous dinoflagellate research (Thoracosphaeraceae, Dinophyceae) including a nomenclatural synopsis of generic names. Taxon 57: 1289–1303.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao X. & Dodge J.D. 1991. The taxonomy and ultrastructure of a marine dinoflagellate, Scrippsiella minima sp. nov. British Phycological Journal 26: 21–31.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao X., Dodge J.D. & Lewis J. 1989. An ultrastructural study of planozygotes and encystment of a marine dinoflagellate, Scrippsiella sp. British Phycological Journal 24: 153–165.
   Google Scholar
• Gottschling M., Keupp H., Plötner J., Knop R., Willems H. & Kirsch M. 2005a. Phylogeny of calcareous dinoflagellates as inferred from ITS and ribosomal sequence data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 36: 444–455.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gottschling M., Knop R., Plötner J., Kirsch M., Willems H. & Keupp H. 2005b. A molecular phylogeny of Scrippsiella sensu lato (Calciodinellaceae, Dinophyta) with interpretations on morphology and distribution. European Journal of Phycology 40: 207–220.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gottschling M., Soehner S., Zinssmeister C., John U., Plötner J., Schweikert M., Aligizaki K. & Elbrächter M. 2012. Delimitation of the Thoracosphaeraceae (Dinophyceae), including the calcareous dinoflagellates, based on large amounts of ribosomal RNA sequence data. Protist 163: 15–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guindon S., Dufayard J.F., Lefort V., Anisimova M., Hordijk W. & Gascuel O. 2010. New algorithms and methods to estimate maximum-likelihood phylogenies: assessing the performance of PhyML 3.0. Systematic Biology 59: 307–321.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen G. & Moestrup Ø. 1998. Fine-structural characterization of Alexandrium catenella (Dinophyceae) with special emphasis on the flagellar apparatus. European Journal of Phycology 33: 281–291.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen G. & Flaim G. 2007. Dinoflagellates of the Trentino Province, Italy. Journal of Limnology 66: 107–141.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen G., Moestrup Ø. & Roberts K.R. 1996. Fine structural observations on Gonyaulax spinifera (Dinophyceae), with special emphasis on the flagellar apparatus. Phycologia 35: 354–366.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen G., Daugbjerg N. & Franco J.M. 2003. Alexandrium minutum (Dinophyceae) from Denmark — a study based on morphology, toxin composition and LSU rDNA sequences, with some morphological observations on other European strains. Harmful Algae 2: 317–335.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen G., Daugbjerg N. & Henriksen P. 2007. Baldinia anauniensis gen. et sp. nov.: a ‘new’ dinoflagellate from Lake Tovel, N. Italy. Phycologia 46: 86–108.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inouye I. & Pienaar R.M. 1983. Observations on the life cycle and microanatomy of Thoracosphaera heimii (Dinophyceae) with special reference to its systematic position. South African Journal of Botany 2: 63–75.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janofske D. 2000. Scrippsiella trochoidea and Scrippsiella regalis, nov. comb. (peridiniales, Dinophyceae): a comparison. Journal of Phycology 36: 178–189.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindemann E. 1926. Bewegliche Hüllenfelderung und ihr Einflu auf die Frage der Artbildung bei Glenodinien. Spezielle Bemerkungen über die untersuchten Formen. Systematische Neuordnung bei niederen Peridineen. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 16: 437–458.
   Google Scholar
• Lindström K. 1991. Nutrient requirements of the dinoflagellate Peridinium gatunense. Journal of Phycology 27: 207–219.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litaker R.W., Vandersea M.W., Kibler S.R., Madden V.J., Noga E.J. & Tester P.A. 2002. Life cycle of the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Pfiesteria piscicida (Dinophyceae). Journal of Phycology 38: 442–463.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Logares R., Shalchian-Tabrizi K., Boltovskoy A. & Rengefors K. 2007. Extensive dinoflagellate phylogenies indicate infrequent marine-freshwater transitions. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 45: 887–903.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moestrup Ø. 2000. The flagellate cytoskeleton. Introduction of a general terminology for microtubular flagellar roots in protists. In: The flagellates. Unity, diversity and evolution (Ed. by B.S.C. Leadbeater & J.C. Green), pp. 69–94. Taylor & Francis, New York (Systematics Association Special Volume No. 59).
   Google Scholar
• Moestrup Ø. & Daugbjerg N. 2007. On dinoflagellate phylogeny and classification. In: Unravelling the algae, the past, present, and future of algal systematics (Ed. by J. Brodie & J. Lewis), pp. 215230. CRC Press, Boca Raton (Systematics Association Special Volume No. 75).
   Google Scholar
• Montresor M. 1995. Scrippsiella ramonii sp. nov. (Peridiniales, Dinophyceae), a marine dinoflagellate producing a calcareous resting cyst. Phycologia 34: 87–91.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montresor M. & Zingone A. 1988. Scrippsiella precaria sp. nov. (Dinophyceae), a marine dinoflagellate from the Gulf of Naples. Phycologia 27: 387–394.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montresor M., Sgrosso S., Procaccini G. & Kooistra W.H.C.F. 2003. Intraspecific diversity in Scrippsiella trochoidea (Dinophyceae): evidence for cryptic species. Phycologia 42: 56–70.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Popovský J. & Pfiester L.A. 1990. Dinophyceae (Dinoflagellida). In: Süsswasserflora von Mitteleuropa (Ed. by H. Ettl, J. Gerloff, H. Heynig & D. Mollenhauer), vol. 6. G. Fisher, Jena. 272 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Posada D. & Crandall K.A. 1998. Modeltest: testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics 14: 817–818.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts K.R., Timpano P. & Montegut A.E. 1987. The apical fibrous complex: a new cytological feature of some dinoflagellates. Protoplasma 137: 65–69.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ronquist F. & Huelsenbeck J.P. 2003. MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19: 1572–1574.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saldarriaga J.F., Taylor F.J.R., Cavalier-Smith T., Menden-Deuer S. & Keeling P.J. 2004. Molecular data and the evolutionary history of dinoflagellates. European Journal of Protistology 40: 85–111.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swofford D.L. 2002. PAUP^* phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (^*and other methods), version 4.0b10. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Tangen K., Brand L.E., Blackwelder P.L. & Guillard R.R.L. 1982. Thoracosphaera heimii (Lohmann) Kamptner is a dinophyte: observations on its morphology and life cycle. Marine Micropaleontology 7: 193–212.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wall D. & Dale B. 1968. Modern dinoflagellate cysts and evolution of the peridiniales. Micropaleontology 14: 265–304.
   Google Scholar
• Waterhouse A.M., Procter J.B., Martin D.M.A, Clamp M. & Barton, G.J. 2009. Jalview Version 2 — a multiple sequence alignment editor and analysis workbench. Bioinformatics 25: 1189–1191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wedemayer G.J. & Wilcox L.W. 1984. The ultrastructure of the freshwater colorless dinoflagellate Peridiniopsis berolinense (Lemm.) Bourrelly. Journal of Protozoology 31: 444–453.
   Google Scholar
• White T.J., Bruns T., Lee S. & Taylor J.W. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications (Ed. by M.A. Innis, D.H. Gelfand, J.J. Sninsky & T.J. White), pp. 315–322. Academic Press, Inc., New York.
   Google Scholar
• Wołoszyńska J. 1916. Polskie Peridineae słodkowodne. — Polnische Süwasser-Peridineen. Bulletin International de l'Academie des Sciences de Cracovie, Classe des Sciences Mathématiques et Naturelles, série B: Sciences Naturelles 1915: 260–285, pls 10–14.
   Google Scholar
• Wołoszyńska J. 1917. Nowe gatunki Peridineów, tudzież spostrzeżenia nad budową okrywy u Gymnodiniów i Glenodiniów. — Neue Peridineen-Arten, nebst Bemerkungen über den Bau der Hülle bei Gymno-und Glenodinium. Bulletin International de l'Academie des Sciences de Cracovie, Classe des Sciences Mathématiques et Naturelles, série B: Sciences Naturelles 1917: 114–122, pls 11–13.
   Google Scholar
• Zinssmeister C., Soehner S., Facher E., Kirsch M., Meier K.J.S. & Gottschling M. 2011. Catch me if you can: the taxonomic identity of Scrippsiella trochoidea (F. stein) A.R. Loebl. (Thoracosphaeraceae, Dinophyceae). Systematics and Biodiversity 9: 145–157.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zinssmeister C., Soehner S., Kirsch M., Facher E., Meier K.J.S., Keupp H. & Gottschling M. 2012. Same but different: two novel bicarinate species of extant calcareous dinophytes (Thoracosphaeraceae, Peridiniales) from the Mediterranean sea. Journal of Phycology 48: 1107–1118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zinssmeister C., Keupp H., Tischendorf G., Kaulbars F. & Gottschling M. 2013. Ultrastructure of calcareous dinophytes (Thoracosphaeraceae, Peridiniales) with a focus on vacuolar crystal-like particles. PLoS ONE 8: e54038.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zonneveld K.A.F., Meier K.J.S., Esper O., Siggelow D., Wendler I. & Willems H. 2005. The (palaeo-) environmental significance of modern calcareous dinoflagellate cysts: a review. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 79: 61–77.
   Google Scholar