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Editorials

Lessons in lipid lowering from theStop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetics Study (SANDS)

Pages 523-525 | Published online: 18 Jan 2017

  • Howard BV, Roman MJ, Devereux RB et al.: Effects of lower targets for blood pressure and LDL cholesterol on atherosclerosis in diabetes: the SANDS randomized trial. JAMA 299, 1678–1689 (2008).
  • Howard BV, Robbins DC, Sievers ML et al.: LDL cholesterol as a strong predictor of coronary heart disease in diabetic individuals with insulin resistance and low LDL. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 20, 830–835 (2000).
  • Howard BV, Lee ET, Cowan LD et al.: Rising tide of cardiovascular disease in American Indians: the Strong Heart Study. Circulation 99, 2389–2395 (1999).
  • Lu W, Resnick HE, Jablonski KA et al.: Non-HDL cholesterol as a predictor of cardiovascular disease in Type 2 diabetes: the Strong Heart Study. Diabetes Care 26, 16–23 (2003).
  • Espeland MA, O’Leary DH, Terry JG et al.: Carotid intimal-media thickness as a surrogate for cardiovascular disease events in trials of HGM-CoA reductase intibitors. Curr. Control Trials Cardiovasc. Med. 6, 3–23 (2005).
  • Kastelein JJ, Akdim F, Stroes ES et al.: Simvastatin with or without ezetimibe in familial hypercholesterolemia. N. Engl. J. Med. 358, 1431–1443 (2008).
  • Brown BG, Taylor AJ: Does ENHANCE diminish confidence in lowering LDL or in ezetimibe? N. Engl. J. Med. 358, 1504–1507 (2008).
  • Stein EA: Additional lipid lowering trials using surrogate measurements of atherosclerosis by carotid intima-media thickness. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 52, 2206–2209 (2008).
  • Fleg JL, Mete M, Howard BV et al.: Effects of statins alone versus statins plus ezetimibe on carotid atherosclerosis in Type 2 diabetes: the SANDS (Stop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetics Study) trial. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 52, 2198–2205 (2008).

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